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147 results for “Pliocene to Pleistocene”
FIG. 3. — A-F, Deuteralagena laguncula n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 3. — A-F, Deuteralagena laguncula n. gen., n. sp.: A, B, Brest-LRK2 (MNHN.F.F67611), paratype in oral and basal views; C-F, paratype Auxais (MNHN.F.F67612); C, lateral view; D, pores; E, F, oral and lateral views; G-J, Deuteralagena sp. A, Auxais (MNHN.F.F67613): G, lateral view; H, pores; I, J, oral and asal views; K-N, Deuteralagena sp. B, Auxais (MNHN.F.F67614): K, lateral view; L, pores; M, N, oral and basal views; O, P, Deuteralagena sp. C, Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67615): O, lateral view; P, pores. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, 100 µm; C, G, 200 µm; D, P, 5 µm; H, L, 50 µm; I-K, M-O, 100 µm.
FIG. 4. — A, B in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 4. — A, B, Deuteralagena sp. C, Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67615), lateral and basal views; C-F, Deuteralagena sp. D, Auxais (MNHN.F.F67616): C, lateral view; D, pores; E, F, oral and basal views; G-J, Deuteralagena sp. E, la Pugle (MNHN.F.F67617): G, lateral view; H, pores; I, J, oral and basal views; K-M, Deuteralagena sp. F, SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67618) in lateral, oral and basal views; N-P, Deuteralagena sp. G, la Groussinière (MNHN.F.F67619) in lateral, oral and basal views. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, G, I, J, K, L, M, O, P, 100 µm; C, N, 200 µm; D, 5 µm; H, 50 µm.
FIG. 2. — A-G, Deuteralagena elegans n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 2. — A-G, Deuteralagena elegans n. gen., n. sp., Auxais: A-C, holotype in lateral,oral and basal views (MNHN.F.F67607);D-G, paratype,Auxais (MNHN.F.F67608); D, lateral view; E, pores; F, G, oral and basal views; H-P, Deuteralagena laguncula n. gen., n. sp.: H-L, holotype, Auxais (MNHN.F.F67609); H, lateral view, I, pores; J, K, oral views; L, basal view; M-O, paratype, Auxais (MNHN.F.F67610) in lateral, oral and basal views; P, paratype, Auxais (MNHN.F.F67611), in lateral view. Scale bars: A, D, H, M, P, 200 µm; B, C, F, G, I, J, L, N, O, 100 µm; I, K, 20 µm; E, 10 µm.
FIG. 14. — A-H in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 14. — A-H, Lagena haidingeri (Cžjžek, 1848): A, B, l'Épinay (MNHN.F.F67659); oral and basal views; C-E, St. Erth (MNHN.F.F67660), lateral, oral and basal views; F-H, la Pugle (MNHN.F.F67661), lateral, oral and basal views of a specimen with broken neck; H-K, Lagena mariae Karrer, 1877, la Sautré (MNHN.F.F67662) in lateral, oral and basal views; L-O, Lagena ornaticollis Jones, 1984, n. stat., St. Erth (MNHN.F.F67663): L, lateral view; M, perforated wall; N, perforated wall of the neck. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, G, J, K, O, 100 µm; C, F, I, L, 200 µm; H, 50 µm; M, 5 µm; N, 10 µm.
FIG. 1 in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 1. — Maps of location of the studied samples: A, concerned geographical zones and location of the samples from St. Erth and Fécamp; B, location of the samples from Elorn channel; C, location of the samples from ligerian channel; D, location of the samples from the Carentan basin.
FIG. 29. — A-H, Verulagena turgida n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 29. — A-H, Verulagena turgida n. gen., n. sp.: A-D, la Sautré, holotype (MNHN.F.F67728): A, lateral view; B, perforated wall; C, D, oral and basal views; E-H, l'Épinay, paratype (MNHN.F.F67729): E, lateral view; F, perforated wall; G, H, oral and basal views; I-L, Verulagena sp., la Pugle (MNHN.F.F67730): I, lateral view; J, perforated wall; K, L, oral and basal views; M, N, Deuteralagena elegans n. gen., n. sp., Auxais: M, basal internal view; N, enlargement of the aboral tube; O, P, Deuteralagena laguncula n. gen., n. sp., Auxais: O, basal internal view; P, enlargement of the aboral tube. Scale bars: A, E, I, 200 µm; B, F, J, P, 20 µm; C, D, G, H, K, L, M, O, 100 µm; N, 10 µm.
FIG. 11. — A, Laevilagena pyriformis n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 11. — A, Laevilagena pyriformis n. gen., n. sp., Mernel, paratype, Mernel (MNHN.F.F67644), basal view; B-D, paratype, la Groussinière (MNHN.F.F67645) lateral, oral and basal views; E-H, Laevilagena sp., la Groussinière (MNHN.F.F67646): E, lateral view; F, pores; G, H, oral and basal views; I-P, Lagena atilai Bertels, 1964: I-L, Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67647-67650); I, lateral view; J, pores; K, L, oral and basal views; M-O, lateral, oral and basal views; P, internal oral view. Scale bars: A, C, D, G, H, K-P, 100 µm; B, E, I, 200 µm; F, 20 µm; J, 5 µm.
FIG. 15. — A-N in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 15. — A-N, Lagena ornaticollis Jones, 1984, n. stat.: A, St. Erth (MNHN.F.F67664), basal view; B-D, Mernel, lateral, oral and basal views; E-H, Mernel (MNHN.F.F67665): E, lateral view, F, perforated wall; G, H, oral and basal views; I-K, Fécamp (MNHN.F.F67666) in lateral, oral and basal views; L-N, SNP (MNHN.F.F67667) in lateral, oral and basal views; O, P, Lagena striata (d'Orbigny, 1839), SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67668), lateral and oral views. Scale bars: A, C, D, G, H, J, K, M-P, 100 µm; B, E, I, L, 200 µm; F, 10 µm.
FIG. 13. — A-D in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 13. — A-D, Lagena digitale Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932: A, l'Épinay (MNHN.F.F67654), basal view; B-D, SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67655), lateral, oral and basal views; E-P, Lagena haidingeri (Cžjžek, 1848): E-L, Brest-LRK2 (MNHN.F.F67656, F67657): E, lateral view; F, perforated wall; G, perforated wall of the neck; H, I, oral and basal views; J-L, lateral, oral and basal views; M-O, l'Épinay (MNHN.F.F67658), lateral, oral and basal views; P, lateral view. Scale bars: A, C, D, H, I, K, L, N, O, 100 µm; B, E, J, M, P, 200 µm; F, G, 5 µm.
FIG. 24. — A-C, Lanternalagena novocrassicarinata n. gen., n in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 24. — A-C, Lanternalagena novocrassicarinata n. gen., n. sp., la Groussinière, paratype (MNHN.F.F67707) in lateral view with neck without ornamentation, oral and basal views; D-G, Lanternalagena sp. A, SSL (MNHN.F.F67708): D, lateral view; E, F, oral view and enlargement; G, basal view; H-L, Lanternalagena sp. B, Mernel (MNHN.F.F67709): H, lateral view; I, perforated wall; J, perforated wall on the neck; K, L, oral and basal views; M-O, Lanternalagena sp. C, la Chênelière (MNHN.F.F67710) in lateral, oral and basal views with cracked neck. Scale bars: A, E, J, K, N, 200 µm; B, D, H, I, L, O, P, 100 µm; C, F, G, M, 20 µm.
FIG. 21. — A-M in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 21. — A-M, Lagunculella flexa (Cushman & Gray, 1946), n. comb.: A, SSL (MNHN.F.F67693), basal view; C-F, la Chênelière (MNHN.F.F67694): C, lateral, D, enlargement neck; E, F, oral and basal views; G-J, la Sautré (MNHN.F.F67695): G, lateral view; H, perforated wall; I, J, oral and basal views; K-M, la Pugle (MNHN.F.F67696) in lateral, oral and basal views; N-P, Lagunculella ovoidea n. gen., n. sp., la Pugle, holotype (MNHN.F.F67697) in lateral, oral and basal views. Scale bars: A, B, I, J, N, O, P, 100 µm; C, E, F, G, K, 200 µm; D, L, M, 50 µm; H, 20 µm.
FIG. 18. — A-D in The species of Lageninae Brady, 1881 (Foraminifera) from the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene of north-western France, Fécamp (Seine-Maritime, France) and St Erth (Cornwall, United Kingdom)
FIG. 18. — A-D, Lagena sulcata (Walker & Jacob,1798), SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67678): A, lateral view; B, perforated wall; C, D, oral and basal views; E-G, Lagena torquiformis Haynes, 1973, SGB3 (MNHN.F.F67679) in lateral, oral and basal views; H-P, Lagena variokoreana n. sp., Brest-LRK2: H-K, holotype (MNHN.F.F67680): H, lateral view; I, perforated wall; J, K, oral and basal views; L, specimen with broken neck; M-O, paratype (MNHN.F.F67681), lateral, oral and basal views; P, internal view. Scale bars: A, E, H, L, M, 200 µm; B, 20 µm; C, D, F, G, J, K, N-P, 100 µm; I, 5 µm.
Evolution of the oligotrophic West Pacific Warm Pool during the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary
<p>We present a new data set from the western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean exploring the timing of the closing of the Indonesian seaway and its consequent effect on sea surface circulation, productivity and Walker Circulation.</p>
Relative importance of meridional and zonal sea surface temperature gradients for the onset of the ice ages and Pliocene-Pleistocene climate evolution
<p>Climatologies from the 3 different model simulations performed for the paper published in Paleoceanography (2010, v25, issue 2, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001809">https://doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001809</a>). This table shows how the names of the simulations provided here relate to the names in the paper:</p> <table align="center"> <caption>Simulation names for cross-referencing</caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Name of Files</th> <th scope="col">Name in Article</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>EPSST_T_85.*.nc</td> <td>Early Pliocene Simulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>New_MZSST_T_85.*.nc</td> <td>Modern Zonal Simulation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ctl_85_Kerry.*.nc</td> <td>Modern Control Simulation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Additionally the NCL script originally used to create all the figures is included. It is called paleoc_onsetNHG_rev.ncl. The abstract of the paper is below:</p> <p>"During the early Pliocene (roughly 4 Myr ago), the ocean warm water pool extended over most of the tropics. Subsequently, the warm pool gradually contracted toward the equator, while midlatitudes and subpolar regions cooled, establishing a meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient comparable to the modern about 2 Myr ago (as estimated on the eastern side of the Pacific). The zonal SST gradient along the equator, virtually nonexistent in the early Pliocene, reached modern values between 1 and 2 Myr ago. Here, we use an atmospheric general circulation model to investigate the relative roles of the changes in the meridional and zonal temperature gradients for the onset of glacial cycles and for Pliocene-Pleistocene climate evolution in general. We show that the increase in the meridional SST gradient reduces air temperature and increases snowfall over most of North America, both factors favorable to ice sheet inception. The impacts of changes in the zonal gradient, while also important over North America, are somewhat weaker than those caused by meridional temperature variations. The establishment of the modern meridional and zonal SST distributions leads to roughly 3.2°C and 0.6°C decreases in global mean temperature, respectively. Changes in the two gradients also have large regional consequences, including aridification of Africa (both gradients) and strengthening of the Indian monsoon (zonal gradient). Ultimately, this study suggests that the growth of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets is a result of the global cooling of Earth's climate since 4 Myr rather than its initial cause. Thus, reproducing the correct changes in the SST distribution is critical for a model to simulate the transition from the warm early Pliocene to a colder Pleistocene climate."</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary material - Pliocene to Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Rembang Zone, North East Java Basin, Indonesia
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We studied seven stratigraphic sections in Rembang Zone, North East Java Basin, Central Java based on quantitative analyses of benthic faunas and planktonic foraminiferas. The parts consist of upper-part of Ledok Formation, calcareous shales/marls of Mundu Formation, glouconitic Globigerinid sands of Selorejo Formation, and blue-green shales of Tambakromo Member of Lidah Formation. We identified an N21 sequence in the Late Pliocene, with a sequence boundary (SB-21) which superimposed with irregular contact between marl of Mundu Formation and Globigerinid sands of Selorejo Formation. This irregular contact was interpreted as the based of Incised Valley, which was generated by falling sea-level in Late Pliocene. Also, we spotted the changes in biostratigraphy, paleobathymetry, and paleoclimate. There are three Pliocene biostragraphies in this section: Globorotalia margaritae zone (N19); Globorotalia miocenica zone (N20 – N21) and Globorotalia tosaensis tosaensis zone (the top of N21). Using cluster analysis, we described the correlation between variation of foraminifera and environmental change as well as bathymetry zone. Paleoclimate changes were observed by the presence of sub-tropical transition faunas (Globorotalia tosaensis tosaensis) and the increasing of tropical fauna as Globorotalia truncatulinoides in Plio–Pleistocene sediments. </p> <p><strong>Status: </strong>under review in IJASEIT</p> <p><strong>Funding: </strong>P3MI ITB 2018</p>
Figure 11 in Osteology and ecology of Megantereon cultridens SE311 (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae), a sabrecat from the Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Senéze, France
Figure 11. Rib elements of Megantereon cultridens SE311.
Data from: North Asian Pliocene-Pleistocene beremendiin shrews (Mammalia, Lipotyphla, Soricidae): a description of material from Russia (Siberia), Kazakhstan, and Mongolia and the paleobiology of Beremendia
Beremendiini is an extinct group of soricine shrews that were widely distributed during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Their occurrence in China has been investigated, but their presence in North Asian regions has remained poorly studied. This paper analyzes 56 fossil remains of Beremendiini collected from 16 early Pliocene to Early Pleistocene localities in Russia (Siberia), Kazakhstan, and Mongolia and shows the presence of two beremendiin species: Beremendia fissidens and Beremendia minor. North Asian Beremendia considerably varies in size and qualitative characteristics, although most of the different states have been identified in European or Chinese specimens. Through the application of geometric morphometric techniques, mandibular shape analyses reveal similarities between the members of the beremendiin genera Peisorex, Beremendia, and Lunanosorex. Shape analyses and comparisons of mandibular characteristics reveal 'trophic' analogies between Beremendia and Blarina members and a new model of 'Mandible Swinging and Sliding' (MSS-model) accounting for the similarities in mandibular morphology with implications for the understanding of the diet of Beremendia.
Data from: Pliocene intraspecific divergence and Plio-Pleistocene range expansions within Picea likiangensis (Lijiang spruce), a dominant forest tree of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
A knowledge of intraspecific divergence and range dynamics of dominant forest trees in response to past geological and climate change is of major importance to an understanding of their recent evolution and demography. Such knowledge is informative of how forests were affected by environmental factors in the past and may provide pointers to their response to future environmental change. However, genetic signatures of such historical events are often weak at individual loci due to large effective population sizes and long generation times of forest trees. This problem can be overcome by analysing genetic variation across multiple loci. We used this approach to examine intraspecific divergence and past range dynamics in the conifer Picea likiangensis, a dominant tree of forests occurring in eastern and southern areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). We sequenced 13 nuclear loci, two mitochondrial DNA regions and three plastid (chloroplast) DNA regions in 177 individuals sampled from 22 natural populations of this species, and tested the hypothesis that its evolutionary history was markedly affected by Pliocene QTP uplifts and Quaternary climatic oscillations. Consistent with the taxonomic delimitation of the three morphologically divergent varieties examined, all individuals clustered into three genetic groups with inter-variety admixture detected in regions of geographical overlap. Divergence between varieties was estimated to have occurred within the Pliocene and ecological niche modeling based on 20 ecological variables suggested that niche differentiation was high. Furthermore, modeling of population genetic data indicated that two of the varieties (var. rubescens and var. linzhiensis) expanded their population sizes after the largest Quaternary glaciation in the QTP, while expansion of the third variety (var. likiangensis) began prior to this, probably following the Pliocene QTP uplift. These findings point to the importance of geological and climatic changes during the Pliocene and Pleistocene as causes of intraspecific diversification and range shifts of dominant tree species in the QTP biodiversity hotspot region.
Fig. 5 Landscape interpolations for the Plateau a and Piedmont b in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 5 Landscape interpolations for the Plateau a and Piedmont b clades based on genetic differentiation among COI haplotypes. Peaks (reddish colors) represent areas of high genetic diversity and valleys (blue colors) indicate areas of low diversity
Fig. 4 Species distribution models for Vaejovis carolinianus. Results were projected onto LGM conditions from MIROC a and CCSM4 b data sources invoking the model generated using current climates data c in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 4 Species distribution models for Vaejovis carolinianus. Results were projected onto LGM conditions from MIROC a and CCSM4 b data sources invoking the model generated using current climates data c. Localities used to test and train the model are indicated by
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