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128 results for “Polemoniaceae”
FIGURE 2 in Cryptic speciation: distinguishing serpentine affiliated sister species Navarretia paradoxiclara and N. paradoxinota from N. intertexta (Polemoniaceae)
FIGURE 2. Box plots of variation in floral features among N. intertexta (N. int), N. paradoxiclara (N. p_c.), and N. paradoxinota (N. p_n.). Boxes bound the 25 and 75 percentiles; horizontal line marks the 50 percentile, whiskers extend to the 5 and 95 percentiles with outliers shown as dots. The diamond demarks the mean (horizontal vertices) and standard deviation (vertical vertices).
FIGURE 4 in Cryptic speciation: distinguishing serpentine affiliated sister species Navarretia paradoxiclara and N. paradoxinota from N. intertexta (Polemoniaceae)
FIGURE 4. Map of California, U.S.A., with county borders (gray lines) showing the distribution of Navarretia paradoxiclara (stars with four points) and Navarretia paradoxinota (stars with five points). Serpentine areas are shaded black (derived from 2010 Geologic Map of California; http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html).
FIGURE 1 in Cryptic speciation: distinguishing serpentine affiliated sister species Navarretia paradoxiclara and N. paradoxinota from N. intertexta (Polemoniaceae)
FIGURE 1. Representative most parsimonious phylograms inferred from analysis of DNA sequence data. Acronyms following species names are correlated to specimens in Appendix 1. Lower case letters ('a' and 'b') following acronyms in Figs. 1B, C indicate multiple copies indicative of either polyploidy (e.g. N. propinqua) or possibly gene duplication or intrapopulation variation among multiple individuals (e.g. N. leucocephala). Total character change (base substitutions and indels) are reconstructed above interior branches (terminal values can be inferred by branch length). Branches not found in all shortest trees are indicated by dotted lines. Bootstrap support values are shown in bold italics below branches. A. One of six trees inferred from concatenated cpDNA sequences. B. One of 32 trees inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences. C. One of six trees inferred from nuclear PI sequences.
FIGURE 3 in Cryptic speciation: distinguishing serpentine affiliated sister species Navarretia paradoxiclara and N. paradoxinota from N. intertexta (Polemoniaceae)
FIGURE 3. Features of Navarretia paradoxiclara (all Johnson, Gowen & Mort 09-032) and N. paradoxinota (all Johnson, Gowen & Mort 09-021), with some comparison to N. intertexta and N. propinqua. All vouchers deposited at BRY unless otherwise indicated. A– D. flowers, top and side views, scale bar = 1 cm. A. N. paradoxiclara. B. N. paradoxinota. C. N. intertexta Gowen 1133, 1134-B. D. N. propinqua Johnson & Johnson 11-076. E–H. Corolla dissections, scale bar = 1 cm. E. N. paradoxiclara. F. N. paradoxinota. G. N. intertexta (left = Gowen 1133; right = Ahart 3453 [CAS]). H. N. propinqua Johnson & Johnson 09-067. I–J. Plant habit (note, either species can have a single leader (I) or be variously branched (J), scale bar = 1 cm. I. N. paradoxiclara. J. N. paradoxinota. K–L. Inflorescence, scale bars = 2 cm. K. N. paradoxiclara. L. N. paradoxinota. M–N. Outer inflorescence bract, N. paradoxiclara, scale bar = 1 cm. M. Adaxial view. N. Lateral view. O–P. Inner inflorescence bract, N. paradoxiclara, scale bar = 1 cm. O. Adaxial view. P. Lateral view. Q. Pollen grain, N. paradoxinota, scale bar = 10 µm. R. mature capsule, N. paradoxinota, scale bar = 1 mm (distal end to the left). S. Partially hydrated seed with thin halo of mucilaginous spiracles, N. paradoxinota, scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2. Navarretia leucocephala subsp. suksdorfii. A, B in Restoring the original taxonomic concept for Navarretia minima (Polemoniaceae): a revised synonymy and new combination
FIGURE 2. Navarretia leucocephala subsp. suksdorfii. A, B: lectotype of basionym (N. suksdorfii) at ORE (Suksdorf s.n.). A. specimens from sheet with label and herbarium catalog stamp repositioned as insets to maximize specimen detail. B. close up of flowers.
FIGURE 1. Navarretia minima. A, B, F in Restoring the original taxonomic concept for Navarretia minima (Polemoniaceae): a revised synonymy and new combination
FIGURE 1. Navarretia minima. A, B, F: isolectotype at GH (Nuttall s.n.). C: topotype of N. furnissii (Johnson 08-033, BRY) collected 3 July 2008. D, E: isolectotype at PH (Nuttall, s.n.). G. lectotype and associated specimen at BM (both Nuttall s.n.). A, C, D at same magnification. Calyx and bract pubescence illustrated in B, E; yellow pollen in anthers apparent in F.
FIGURE 4 in Restoring the original taxonomic concept for Navarretia minima (Polemoniaceae): a revised synonymy and new combination
FIGURE 4. Approximate distributions of Navarretia minima (red circles) and N. leucocephala subsp. suksdorfii (blue stars) based on representative specimens. Green letters indicate the following: F = type location of N. furnissii. M = approximate collection location of N. minima by Nuttall near the Blackfoot River north of Soda Springs, Idaho. S = type location for N. leucocephala subsp. suksdorfii. W = Ft. Walla Walla, the approximate location published as the type locality of N. minima.
FIGURE 3 in Restoring the original taxonomic concept for Navarretia minima (Polemoniaceae): a revised synonymy and new combination
FIGURE 3. Comparison photos of fresh plants and flowers of Navarretia minima and N. leucocephala subsp. suksdorfii. A–C: N. minima (Johnson 09-073, BRY). D–F: N. leucocephala subsp. suksdorfii. D: Johnson 05–198, BRY. E, F: Johnson 16-085, BRY.
Data from: Intraspecific cytotypic variation and complicated genetic structure in the Phlox amabilis-P. woodhousei (Polemoniaceae) complex
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Data from: Out of sight, out of mind: Widespread nuclear and plastid-nuclear discordance in the flowering plant genus Polemonium (Polemoniaceae) suggests widespread historical gene flow despite limited nuclear signal
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Data from: The genetic basis of speciation in the Giliopsis lineage of Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae)
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Data from: Evolution of floral traits and impact of reproductive mode on diversification in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae)
Pollinator-mediated selection is a major driver of evolution in flowering plants, contributing to the vast diversity of floral features. Despite long-standing interest in floral variation and the evolution of pollination syndromes in Polemoniaceae, the evolution of floral traits and known pollinators has not been investigated in an explicit phylogenetic context. Here we explore macroevolutionary patterns of both pollinator specificity and three floral traits long considered important determinants of pollinator attraction across a nearly complete species-level phylogenetic tree for the family. This phylogenetic tree is the most comprehensive yet produced for Polemoniaceae. The presence of floral chlorophyll is reconstructed as the ancestral character state of the family, even though the presence of floral anthocyanins is the most prevalent floral pigment in extant taxa. Mean corolla length and width of the opening of the floral tube are correlated, and both appear to vary with pollinator type. The evolution of pollination systems appears labile, with multiple gains and losses of selfing and conflicting implications for patterns of diversification. Explicit testing of diversification models rejects the hypothesis that selfing is an evolutionary dead-end. This study begins to disentangle the individual components that comprise pollination syndromes and lays the foundation for future work on the genetic mechanisms that control each trait.
Data from: Selection on floral design in Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae): female and male fitness under hawkmoth pollination
Plant-pollinator interactions promote the evolution of floral traits that attract pollinators and facilitate efficient pollen transfer. The spatial separation of sex-organs, herkogamy, is believed to limit sexual interference in hermaphrodite flowers. Reverse herkogamy (stigma recessed below anthers) and long narrow corolla-tubes are expected to promote efficiency in male function under hawkmoth pollination. We tested this prediction by measuring selection in six experimental arrays of Polemonium brandegeei, a species that displays continuous variation in herkogamy, resulting in a range of recessed to exserted stigmas. Under glasshouse conditions, we measured pollen removal and deposition, and estimated selection gradients (ß) through female fitness (seeds set) and male fitness (siring success based on 6 polymorphic microsatellite loci). Siring success was higher in plants with more nectar sugar and narrow corolla-tubes. However, selection through female function for reverse herkogamy was considerably stronger than was selection through male function. Hawkmoths were initially attracted to larger flowers, but overall preferred plants with reverse herkogamy. Greater pollen deposition and seed set also occurred in reverse herkogamous plants. Thus, reverse herkogamy may be maintained by hawkmoths through female rather than male function. Further, our results suggest that pollinator attraction may play a considerable role in enhancing female function.
Data from: Selection on Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae) flowers under hummingbird pollination: in opposition, parallel, or independent of selection by hawkmoths?
Particular floral phenotypes are often associated with specific groups of pollinators. However, flowering plants are often visited, and may be effectively pollinated by more than one type of animal. Therefore, a major outstanding question in floral biology asks: what is the nature of selection on floral traits when pollinators are diverse? This study examined how hummingbirds selected on the floral traits of Polemonium brandegeei, a species pollinated by both hummingbirds and hawkmoths. In array populations of P. brandegeei, we measured pollen movement, and female (seeds set) and male (seeds sired) fitness under hummingbird pollination. We then compared the patterns of selection by hummingbirds with our previous study examining selection by hawkmoths. We documented contrasting selection on sex organ positioning through female function, with hummingbirds selecting for stigmas exserted beyond the anthers and hawkmoths selecting for stigmas recessed below the anthers. Furthermore, hummingbirds selected for longer and wider corolla tubes, and hawkmoths selected for narrower corolla tubes. Therefore, contrasting selection by hawkmoths and hummingbirds may account for variation in sex organ arrangements and corolla dimensions in P. brandegeei. We documented how floral traits under selection by multiple pollinators can result in either an intermediate "compromise" between selective pressures (sex organs) or apparent specialization (corolla tube length) to one pollinator.
Taxonomy and relationships within polemonium foliosissimum (Polemoniaceae): Untangling a clade of colorful and gynodioecious herbs
<p>New molecular and ecological data have necessitated taxonomic revisions of several species complexes within <i>Polemonium </i>(Polemoniaceae), including <i>P. foliosissimum</i>, an herbaceous perennial widespread in the Intermountain West of the United States. As currently circumscribed, <i>P. foliosissimum</i> is a highly polymorphic species of four taxonomic varieties. One of the most striking morphological traits of the species is its diversity in flower color, which is unusual for the genus. Several species have been proposed based on this variation in flower color. However, these names have been treated as infraspecific taxa because previous authors have concluded that the presence of micropollen grains throughout the geographic range of the species complex indicated partial hybrid sterility and therefore incomplete barriers to gene flow. However, recent evidence suggests that micropollen is instead due to a gynodioecious breeding system. Using 128 nuclear loci and eight quantitative morphological traits, I clarify relationships and taxonomy within the species complex. I show that what is currently circumscribed as four varieties of <i>P. foliosissimum</i> represent five species that, in addition to differing in corolla color, differ in leaflet number, corolla size, and vegetative and floral pubescence. I propose a new species endemic to the White Mountains of southeastern Arizona, <b><i>Polemonium apachianum</i></b>. This study provides a new phylogenetic context and taxonomic circumscription to serve as a framework for future research on the evolution of floral color and sexual systems in a previously misunderstood but evolutionarily exciting system.</p>
Figure 8 from: Johnson LA, Gowen D (2017) Ex uno, multis: taxonomic revision in Navarretia divaricata (Polemoniaceae) and the recognition of four additional cryptic or near-cryptic species. PhytoKeys 91: 39-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21530
Figure 8 - Representative most parsimonious, unrooted trees inferred from analysis of DNA sequence data. Base substitutions are reconstructed along interior branches, followed by bootstrap support values. Shaded regions around terminal branches circumscribe individuals of the same taxon, using colors for Navarretia vividior, N. modocensis, N. aeroides, and N. torreyella that correspond with the colors of symbols used in Fig. 4. Branches not found in all most parsimonious topologies for each region are represented by dashed lines. A Single topology inferred from concatenated cpDNA sequences B One of eight topologies inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences C Single topology inferred from nuclear idh-B sequences D One of 13 topologies inferred from nuclear idh-A sequences E One of nine topologies inferred from nuclear PI sequences.
Figure 6 from: Johnson LA, Gowen D (2017) Ex uno, multis: taxonomic revision in Navarretia divaricata (Polemoniaceae) and the recognition of four additional cryptic or near-cryptic species. PhytoKeys 91: 39-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21530
Figure 6 - Navarretia aeroides. A Pressed specimen showing plant habit, scale bar = 1 cm (Gowen 1303) B Flowering head in the field, scale bar = 2 mm (Johnson 14-142) C–F Equivalent magnification, scale bar = 2mm C, D Pressed flowering head showing range of coloration in dried flowers (Johnson 16-070, Gowen 1303, respectively) E, F Fresh flowers showing range of coloration (Johnson 16-063a, Johnson 15-065, respectively). All photographs by L. A. Johnson and vouchers deposited at BRY.
Figure 7 from: Johnson LA, Gowen D (2017) Ex uno, multis: taxonomic revision in Navarretia divaricata (Polemoniaceae) and the recognition of four additional cryptic or near-cryptic species. PhytoKeys 91: 39-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21530
Figure 7 - Navarretia torreyella. A Pressed specimen showing plant habit, scale bar = 1 cm (Johnson et al, 13-230) B Flowering head in the field, scale bar = 2 mm (Johnson 16-008) C–E Equivalent magnification, scale bar = 2mm. C Pressed flowering head showing coloration of dried flowers (Johnson 16-008) D, E Fresh flowers showing coloration (Johnson 13-218) F Fresh flowering head with maturing fruit, showing stretched corolla base that typically clings to fruit through maturity common in all of the species detailed herein, scale bar = 2 mm (Johnson 16-008). All photographs by L. A. Johnson and vouchers deposited at BRY.
Figure 2 from: Johnson LA, Gowen D (2017) Ex uno, multis: taxonomic revision in Navarretia divaricata (Polemoniaceae) and the recognition of four additional cryptic or near-cryptic species. PhytoKeys 91: 39-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21530
Figure 2 - Distribution of Navarretia divaricata (black squares) occurrences across its native range in the western United States.
Figure 1 from: Johnson LA, Gowen D (2017) Ex uno, multis: taxonomic revision in Navarretia divaricata (Polemoniaceae) and the recognition of four additional cryptic or near-cryptic species. PhytoKeys 91: 39-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.91.21530
Figure 1 - Navarretia divaricata. A Pressed specimen showing plant habit, scale bar = 1 cm (Johnson 14-143) B Flowering head in the field, scale bar = 2 mm (Johnson 15-045) C–E Equivalent magnification, scale bar = 2mm C Pressed flowering head showing typical coloration of dried flowers (Johnson 16-024) D Dried fruit, showing dehiscence from base upward typical in all of the species detailed herein (Johnson 16-024) E Fresh flowering head dissected with corolla removed to show style and two-lobed stigma (with third lobe nearly entirely fused to one of the two apparent lobes; Johnson 16-024) F, G Fresh flowers showing typical coloration (Johnson 15-045), equivalent magnification, scale bar = 2 mm. All photographs by L. A. Johnson and vouchers deposited at BRY.
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