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FIGURE 3. Indochinamon datii n in A new species of the genus Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) and a new country record from Northern Vietnam

FIGURE 3. Indochinamon datii n. sp. paratype, female (60 × 47 mm) (Experta collection 2023.003); A, pleon, ventral view; B, thoracic sternum and vulvae, ventral view.

FIGURE 1. Indochinamon datii n in A new species of the genus Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) and a new country record from Northern Vietnam

FIGURE 1. Indochinamon datii n. sp. holotype, male (61 × 49 mm) (VNMN 2022.001); A, dorsal habitus; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon, ventral view; D, outer view of major chela; E, outer view of minor chela (dactylus tip broken).

FIGURE 4. Indochinamon datii n in A new species of the genus Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) and a new country record from Northern Vietnam

FIGURE 4. Indochinamon datii n. sp., colour in life. A, brownish-green form, dorsal view, male, from type locality, specimen not collected; B, brownish-green form, frontal view, male, from type locality, specimen not collected; C, yellowish-orange form, dorsal view, male, from type locality, specimen not collected; D, yellowish-orange form, frontal view, male, from type locality, specimen not collected.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the genus Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) and a new country record from Northern Vietnam

FIGURE 5. Habitat of Indochinamon datii n. sp. in Xuan Son National Park. A, during the dry season on 18 March 2023; B, during the rainy season on 9 July 2022.

FIGURE 2. Indochinamon datii n in A new species of the genus Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) and a new country record from Northern Vietnam

FIGURE 2. Indochinamon datii n. sp. holotype, male (61 × 49 mm) (VNMN 2022.001); A, left third maxilliped, external view; B, sterno-pleonal cavity with G1 and G2 in situ, ventral view; C, male pleon, external view; D, left G1, ventral view; E, left G1, dorsal view; F, distal part of left G1, ventral view; G, distal part of left G1, dorsal view; H, left G2, dorsal view.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of the genus Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamidae) and a new country record from Northern Vietnam

FIGURE 7. Indochinamon malipoense Zhang & Sun in Zhang, Pan, Hao & Sun, 2020 (80 × 65 mm) (Experta collection 2023.004). A, dorsal habitus; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, anterior thoracic sternum and pleon, ventral view; D, outer view of major chela; E, outer view of minor chela.

Figure 4 in Evolution of sperm morphology in potamid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea)

Figure 4. Diagrammatic drawings of potamine spermatozoa. A, Parathelphusula panningi (with cleistospermic spermatophore wall). B, Himalayapotamon emphysetum (with cleistospermic spermatophore wall). C, Socotrapotamon socotrense. Scale bars: 1 Mm.

Figure 3 in Evolution of sperm morphology in potamid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea)

Figure 3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of potamid spermatozoa. A, B, Parathelphusula panningi. A, longitudinal sagittal view. B, cross section. C–F, Himalayapotamon emphysetum. C, longitudinal sagittal view; the arrowhead indicates the perforate operculum. D, 'tongue-and-groove' connection between the operculum and the acrosomal zones beneath. E, overview of cleistospermic spermatophores. F, cross section. Scale bars: 1 Mm, or as indicated. Abbreviations: arrowhead, vestigial 'tongue & groove connection'; ar, acrosome ray zone; ia, inner acrosomal zone; nu, nucleus; oa, outer acrosomal zone; op, operculum; pc, perforatorial chamber; tg, 'tongue-and-groove' connection; sw, spermatophore wall.

Figure 2 in Evolution of sperm morphology in potamid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea)

Figure 2. Maximum clade credibility tree based on Bayesian inference (BEAST 1.4.8) of a 16S rRNA fragment (523 bp) including potamid species with known sperm ultrastructure and Gecarcinucidae as the out-group. The nomenclature of subclades is as suggested by Shih et al. (2009). European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) accession numbers of sequences obtained in this study are shown in bold.

Figure 1 in Evolution of sperm morphology in potamid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamoidea)

Figure 1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of potamid spermatozoa. A–E, Socotrapotamon socotrense. A, longitudinal sagittal view; the white line points to the perforate operculum. B, coenospermic spermatophore. C, cross section. D, electron-lucent ring around the opening of the perforatorial chamber. E, spermatophore wall. F–J, Potamon fluviatile. F, spermatophore wall. G, coenospermic spermatophore. H, longitudinal sagittal section (slightly transverse) and cleistospermic spermatophore. J, cross section. Scale bars: 1 Mm, or as indicated. Abbreviations: ar, acrosome ray zone; ia, inner acrosomal zone; nu, nucleus; oa, outer acrosomal zone; op, operculum; pc, perforatorial chamber; sw, spermatophore wall.

Figure 3 in Rediscovery of two critically endangered species of freshwater crabs, Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) and A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae) from the rainforests of Sierra Leone: implications for conservation

Figure 3. Afrithelphusa leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (ZMB 34606) from the Western Peninsula Area National Park in Sierra Leone, in its natural colour. Largest adult male CW 18 mm.

Figure 2 in Rediscovery of two critically endangered species of freshwater crabs, Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) and A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae) from the rainforests of Sierra Leone: implications for conservation

Figure 2. Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) (ZMB 34607) from Moyamba District Sierra Leone, in its natural colour. Largest adult male CW 25 mm.

Figure 1 in Rediscovery of two critically endangered species of freshwater crabs, Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) and A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae) from the rainforests of Sierra Leone: implications for conservation

Figure 1. Collection localities of the two Afrithelphusa species in Sierra Leone. Inset maps show the continent of Africa and Sierra Leone and its neighbouring countries in West Africa. Red rectangle = A. afzelii, yellow pentagon = A. leonensis, grey shaded area = biodiversity hotspot identified by Conservation International (2011).

Figure 12. Diagram showing the relationships between 27 in A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera

Figure 12. Diagram showing the relationships between 27 genera of Afrotropical freshwater crabs and the higher taxonomy proposed here (based on Fig. 1 and Daniels et al., 2015: fig.1). Glabrithelphusa is not included because of the lack of sequencable DNA of this genus.

Figure 5. Gonopods 1 and 2 in A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera

Figure 5. Gonopods 1 and 2 of one genus in Maritimonautini and three genera in Potamonautini. A–C, Maritimonautes obesus; D–F, Arcopotamonautes suprasulcatus; G–I, Lirrangopotamonautes dybowskii; J–L, Platythelphusa armata. Scale bar: A, B, G–L = 2.0 mm, C, F = 1.8 mm; D, E = 5.0 mm; L = 6.7 mm.

Figure 11 in A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera

Figure 11. Maps showing the distributional ranges of (A) Deckeniidae, (B) revised Deckeniinae and (C) revised Hydrothelphusinae.

Figure 10 in A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera

Figure 10. Maps showing the distributional ranges of the five genera of Potamonautini. (A) Arcopotamonautes, (B) Lirrangopotamonautes, (C) Platythelphusa, (D) Potamonautes s.s. and (E) Rotundopotamonautes.

Figure 6. Gonopods 1 and 2 in A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera

Figure 6. Gonopods 1 and 2 of two genera in Potamonautini. A–C, Potamonautes anchetiae (CAW 450A), Angola. A, D, left G1 ventral view. D–F, Rotundopotamonautes loveni, Kenya, B, E, left G1 dorsal view; C, F, left G2 ventral view. Scale bar: A, B, D, E = 2.0 mm, C, F = 1.8 mm.

Figure 8 in A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera

Figure 8. Maps showing the distributional ranges of (A) Potamonautinae, (B) Maritimonautini, (C) Erimetopini and (D) Potamonautini.

Figure 9 in A new multilocus phylogeny reveals overlooked diversity in African freshwater crabs (Brachyura: Potamoidea): a major revision with new higher taxa and genera

Figure 9. Maps showing the distributional ranges of the four genera of Erimetopini (A) Erimetopus, (B) Longipotamonautes, (C) Nesonautes and (D) Occidensonautes.