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FIGURE 7 in Three new species of leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon forests: cryptic diversity within Pristimantis " ockendeni " (Anura: Strabomantidae) in Ecuador

FIGURE 7. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of P. achuar, P. altamnis, and P. kichwarum based on mtDNA cytochrome b and 16S. Posterior probabilities are labelled at nodes. Two subclades are noted within P. kichwarum. The size of terminal triangles reflect the amount of diversity when samples from across the range are included (from Elmer et al. 2007b).

FIGURE 3 in Three new species of leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon forests: cryptic diversity within Pristimantis " ockendeni " (Anura: Strabomantidae) in Ecuador

FIGURE 3. Ventral view of three paratypes of P. altamnis (top row; QCAZ 25445, 25442, 25447), P. kichwarum (middle row; QCAZ 25287, 25558, 25759), and P. achuar (bottom row; QCAZ 25461, 25530, 25534). Note the difference in ventral colouration between the three species, with P. altamnis having the most dense flecking of melanophores and P. achuar having the palest venter.

FIGURE 5 in Three new species of leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon forests: cryptic diversity within Pristimantis " ockendeni " (Anura: Strabomantidae) in Ecuador

FIGURE 5. Map of localities for reviewed specimens of P. altamnis (white dot), P. kichwarum (grey dot), and P. achuar (black dot). The general area of the Cuyabeno Reserve and Yasuní National Park are noted, as mentioned in the text for some collections. For simplicity, some nearby localities share a dot. (1) Chonta Yacu, Lumbaqui; (2) Centro Shuar Yawi; (3) Serena; (4) Talag or Cando; (5) Jatun Sacha Biological Station and Arajuno Jungle Lodge; (6) Puca Chicta, Misahuallí; (7) Auca 14 Rd near Dayuma; (8) Parque Nacional Yasuní: Estación Científica, Onkonegare, and pozo Capiron; (9) Llanganates Mountains, Canton Arosamena Tola; (10) La Selva Lodge, Pañacocha; (11) Y of road Tena to Puyo, Canton Sta Clara; (12) Fundación Hola Vida, El Porvenir; (13) Kapawi Lodge; (14) Lorocachi; (15) Petrolera Garza 1, Montalvo; (16) Bloque Shiripuno, Parque Nacional Yasuní; (17) Rio Huataracu, via Hollín-Loreto; (18) Indillama; (19) Yuturi; (20) Bataburo Lodge, Rio Tiguño; (21) Santa Rita; (22) Parque Nacional Yasuní, Carretera Pompeya Sur-Iro Km 21, 38 or 41; (23) Comuna El Descanso; (24) Parque Nacional Yasuní Road to MAXUS km 107 and AMO 1; (25) Parque Nacional Yasuní Bloque 31.

FIGURE 2 in Three new species of leaflitter frogs from the upper Amazon forests: cryptic diversity within Pristimantis " ockendeni " (Anura: Strabomantidae) in Ecuador

FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of three paratypes of P. altamnis (top row; QCAZ 25313, 25302, 25304), P. kichwarum (middle row; QCAZ 25287, 27762, 25782), and P. achuar (bottom row; QCAZ 25538, 25490, 25491). Note the presence of a canthal stripe in P. kichwarum and its absence in P. altamnis and P. achuar.

FIGURE 5. Left side shows a in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group

FIGURE 5. Left side shows a power spectrum (top), sonogram (middle), and oscillogram (bottom) of a series of advertisement calls of Pristimantis bicantus (QCAZ 18983). Right side shows a sonogram (middle) and oscillogram (bottom) of a single long call (the eighth of the 11 long calls shown on the left, marked with an asterisk). This is an example of a call series consisting of three short calls (each with two pulses) and 11 long calls (each with 17–23 more rapid pulses). The power spectrum was measured along the entire duration of the call series.

FIGURE 2 in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group

FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation of Pristimantis bicantus in ethanol. (A, E) QCAZ 19024 (female holotype); (B) QCAZ 16186, adult female; (C) QCAZ 18988, adult female; (D, F) QCAZ 16201, adult female.

FIGURE 1 in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group

FIGURE 1. (A) Head, (B) hand, and (C) foot of Pristimantis bicantus, holotype, adult female, QCAZ 19024.

FIGURE 3 in The amphibian community at Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with a comparison of vertical microhabitat use among Pristimantis species and the description of a new species of the Pristimantis myersi group

FIGURE 3. Map of Ecuador showing the type locality of Pristimantis bicantus (Yanayacu Biological Station, 0°36' S, 77°53' W, 2100–2300 m).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Amazonian lowlands of northern Peru (Region Loreto and San Martín)

FIGURE 4. Map illustrating collecting sites (indicated by circles) and type locality (indicated by a star) of the type series of Pristimantis orcus in northern Peru.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Amazonian lowlands of northern Peru (Region Loreto and San Martín)

FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of head and ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D) of Pristimantis orcus (MUSM 27435). Scale bar = 5 mm. Drawings by E. Lehr.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Amazonian lowlands of northern Peru (Region Loreto and San Martín)

FIGURE 1. Left column: Female Pristimantis orcus (MUSM 27435, holotype, SVL 36.5 mm) in dorsolateral (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views; right column: male Pristimantis orcus (MUSM 25938, paratype, SVL 22.4 mm) in dorsolateral (D), lateral (E), and ventral (F) views. Photos A–C by D. Rodríguez, photos D–F by A. Catenazzi.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Amazonian lowlands of northern Peru (Region Loreto and San Martín)

FIGURE 2. Preserved Pristimantis orcus (holotype) in dorsal (A), and ventral (B) views. Photos by E. Lehr.

FIGURE 2. A in A new Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from Churi-tepui in the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana

FIGURE 2. A) dorsal view and B) lateral view of the head of the holotype of Pristimantis muchimuk, sp. nov. Scale equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 1. A in A new Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from Churi-tepui in the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana

FIGURE 1. A) Pristimantis muchimuk, sp. nov, holotype in life. Photo: Javier Mesa. B) Dorsolateral view of the preserved holotype of Pristimantis muchimuk, sp. nov. Scale equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A new Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from Churi-tepui in the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Pristimantis muchimuk sp. nov. and relatives from the Guyanan Venezuela. White circles with numbers correspond to: 1: Pristimantis auricarens: Auyan-tepui. 2: P. a viu s and P. memorans: Tamacuari. 3: P. cantitans, P. pruinatus and P. yaviensis: Cerro Yavi. 4: P. guaiquinimensis, P. stegolepis and P. tepuiensis: Guaiquinimatepui. 5: P. marahuaka: Cerro Marahuaka. 6: P. marmoratus: base of Roraima-tepui. 7: P. m u c h i m u k: Churí-tepui in the Chimanta massif. 8: P. pulvinatus: Sierra de Lema. 9: P. sarisarinama: Sarisariñama-tepui. 10: P. yuruaniensis: Yuruanitepui. 11. P. zeuctotylus: base of Cerro Neblina. The distribution of P. v i l a r s i is in Barrio-Amorós & Molina (2006).

FIGURE 3. A in A new Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from Churi-tepui in the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana

FIGURE 3. A) palm of right hand and B) sole of right foot, of the holotype of Pristimantis muchimuk, sp. nov. Scale equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from Churi-tepui in the Chimanta massif, Venezuelan Guayana

FIGURE 4. Aerial view of the Churi tepui, picture taken from the northwest. The type locality appears as a white spot pointed by a white arrow. Photo: Charles Brewer-Carías.

FIGURE 6 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor

FIGURE 6. Color variation of paratypes in preservative. (A) Striped dorsum, QCAZ 41430, male. (B) Gray dorsum, QCAZ 41672, female. (C) Brown-grayish dorsum, QCAZ 41607, female. (D) Brown dorsum, QCAZ 41426, female. (E) Brown-reddish dorsum, QCAZ 41619, male. (F) Brown venter, QCAZ 41667, male. (G) Brown and cream venter, QCAZ 41607, female.

FIGURE 8 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor

FIGURE 8. Postcranial skeleton of Pristimantis minimus, QCAZ 41495. (A) Vertebral column in dorsal view. (B) Pectoral girdle in ventral view. (C) Pelvic girdle in lateral view (D) Hand in dorsal view (E) Foot in ventral view. Cartilage and articular surfaces are shown in gray; stippling on cartilage denotes mineralization. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor

FIGURE 7. Skull of Pristimantis minimus, QCAZ 41495 (adult female), in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. D. Hyoid. Cartilage is shown in gray. Scale bar = 1 mm.