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713 results for “Pygmis”
FIGURE 9 in Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Cladonotinae: Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species of the genus Tettilobus
FIGURE 9. Tettilobus pelops (Walker, 1871): A–C male holotype of Cladonotus pelops Walker, 1871 deposited in BMNH; D–G female holotype of Tettilobus spinifrons Hancock (junior synonym of T. pelops) deposited in UMO. A, D—dorsal view; C, E—right lateral view; B, F—labels; G—head in frontal view. (Photo J. Tumbrinck). Scale bar 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Cladonotinae: Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species of the genus Tettilobus
FIGURE 3. Habitat of Tettilobus trishula sp. n. Mountainous forests of Eravikulam NP at 2200 m elevation. The species inhabits wet, humid habitat with trees fully covered in moss. (Photo Dhaneesh Bhaskar).
FIGURE 8. Potua sabulosa Hancock, 1915 in Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Cladonotinae: Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species of the genus Tettilobus
FIGURE 8. Potua sabulosa Hancock, 1915, holotype male deposited in ANSP. A—left lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—labels; D—head in frontal view. (Photo Jason Weintraub). Scale bar visible as millimetre paper.
FIGURE 11 in Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Cladonotinae: Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species of the genus Tettilobus
FIGURE 11. Distribution map of the three known species of the genus Tettilobus, including newly described T. trishula sp. n.
FIGURE 1 in Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Cladonotinae: Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species of the genus Tettilobus
FIGURE 1. Tettilobus trishula sp. n. Female holotype deposited in MNCN. A—left lateral view; B—dorsal view; C—dorsal view on the head; D—head in frontal view. (Photo Mercedes París). Scale bar 1 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Wide-nosed pygmy grasshoppers (Cladonotinae: Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka: catalogue with an identification key and description of a new species of the genus Tettilobus
FIGURE 7. Hancockella portentosa (Kirby, 1914). A–D female syntypes deposited in BMNH, E–H male syntype. A, F—dorsal view; B, E—left lateral view; C, G—syntype labels; D, H—head in frontal view. (Photo Josef Tumbrinck). Scale bar visible as millimetre paper in A–B, E–F, while 1mm in D and H.
FIGURE 3 in Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)
FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of the Cladonotus species. For C. turrifer, marked with question mark, there are no confirmed localities. The pronotum silhouette is schematically shown in the legend for each species. Schemes are not in ratio.
FIGURE 1 in Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)
FIGURE 1. The cockcomb-shaped twighopper, C. bhaskari sp. n. female in the natural habitat, the type locality, Sabaragamawa (rainforests of SW Sri Lanka: Sinharaja). Holotype female, and holotype collection label. Photo Tom Kirschey, November 19th, 2016.
FIGURE 2 in Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)
FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view.
Data from: Adaptive, convergent origins of the pygmy phenotype in African rainforest hunter-gatherers
The evolutionary history of the human pygmy phenotype (small body size), a characteristic of African and Southeast Asian rainforest hunter-gatherers, is largely unknown. Here we use a genome-wide admixture mapping analysis to identify 16 genomic regions that are significantly associated with the pygmy phenotype in the Batwa, a rainforest hunter-gatherer population from Uganda (east central Africa). The identified genomic regions have multiple attributes that provide supporting evidence of genuine association with the pygmy phenotype, including enrichments for SNPs previously associated with stature variation in Europeans and for genes with growth hormone receptor and regulation functions. To test adaptive evolutionary hypotheses, we computed the haplotype-based integrated haplotype score (iHS) statistic and the level of population differentiation (FST) between the Batwa and their agricultural neighbors, the Bakiga, for each genomic SNP. Both |iHS| and FST values were significantly higher for SNPs within the Batwa pygmy phenotype-associated regions than the remainder of the genome, a signature of polygenic adaptation. In contrast, when we expanded our analysis to include Baka rainforest hunter-gatherers from Cameroon and Gabon (west central Africa) and Nzebi and Nzime neighboring agriculturalists, we did not observe elevated |iHS| or FST values in these genomic regions. Together, these results suggest adaptive and at least partially convergent origins of the pygmy phenotype even within Africa, supporting the hypothesis that small body size confers a selective advantage for tropical rainforest hunter-gatherers but raising questions about the antiquity of this behavior.
Data from: Ancestor-descendant relationships in evolution: origin of the extant pygmy right whale, Caperea marginata
Ancestor–descendant relationships (ADRs), involving descent with modification, are the fundamental concept in evolution, but are usually difficult to recognize. We examined the cladistic relationship between the only reported fossil pygmy right whale, Miocaperea pulchra, and its sole living relative, the enigmatic pygmy right whale Caperea marginata, the latter represented by both adult and juvenile specimens. Miocaperea is phylogenetically bracketed between juvenile and adult Caperea marginata in morphologically based analyses, thus suggesting a possible ADR—the first so far identified within baleen whales (Cetacea: Mysticeti). The Miocaperea–Caperea lineage may show long-term morphological stasis and, in turn, punctuated equilibrium.
Data from: Evaluating DNA degradation rates in faecal pellets of the endangered pygmy rabbit
Noninvasive genetic sampling of faecal pellets can be a valuable method for monitoring rare and cryptic wildlife populations, like the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). To investigate this method's efficiency for pygmy rabbit monitoring, we evaluated the effect of sample age on DNA degradation in faecal pellets under summer field conditions. We placed 275 samples from known individuals in natural field conditions for 1 to 60 days and assessed DNA quality by amplifying a 294 base pair (bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus and 5 nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci (111 – 221 bp). DNA degradation was influenced by sample age, DNA type, locus length, and rabbit sex. Both mtDNA and nDNA exhibited high PCR success rates (94.4%) in samples <1 day old. Success rates for microsatellite loci declined rapidly from 80.0% to 42.7% between days 5 and 7, likely due to increased environmental temperature. Success rates for mtDNA amplification remained higher than nDNA over time, with moderate success (66.7%) at 21 days. Allelic dropout rates were relatively high (17.6% at < 1 day) and increased to 100% at 60 days. False allele rates ranged from 0 to 30.0% and increased gradually over time. We recommend collecting samples as fresh as possible for individual identification during summer field conditions. Our study suggests that this method can be useful for future monitoring efforts, including occupancy surveys, individual identification, population estimation, parentage analysis, and monitoring of genetic diversity both of a reintroduced population in central Washington and across their range.
Data from: The role of continental shelf width in determining freshwater phylogeographic patterns in southeastern Australian pygmy perches (Teleostei: Percichthyidae)
Biogeographic patterns displayed by obligate freshwater organisms are intimately related to the nature and extent of connectivity between suitable habitats. Two of the more significant barriers to freshwater connections are seawater and major drainage divides. South-eastern Australia provides a contrast between these barriers as it has discrete areas that are likely influenced to a greater or lesser extent by each barrier type. We use continental shelf width as a proxy for the potential degree of river coalescence during low sea levels. Our specific hypothesis is that the degree of phylogeographic divergence between coastal river basins should correspond to the continental shelf width of each region. This predicts that genetic divergences between river basins should be lowest in regions with a wider continental shelf and that regions with similar continental shelf width should have similar genetic divergences. Pygmy perches (Nannoperca australis and Nannoperca 'flindersi') in south-eastern Australia provide an ideal opportunity to test these biogeographic hypotheses. Phylogeographic patterns were examined based on range-wide sampling of 82 populations for cytochrome b and 23 polymorphic allozyme loci. Our results recovered only limited support for our continental shelf width hypothesis, although patterns within Bass clade were largely congruent with reconstructed low sea-level drainage patterns. In addition, we identified several instances of drainage divide crossings, typically associated with low elevational differences. Our results demonstrate high levels of genetic heterogeneity with important conservation implications, especially for declining populations in the Murray–Darling Basin and a highly restricted disjunct population in Ansons River, Tasmania.
FIGURE 2 A–C in Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae, Tetriginae) a new pygmy grasshopper species from India
FIGURE 2 A–C. Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. Male A, Body in dorsal view; B, Subgenital platein lateral view; C, Body in lateral view.
FIGURE 1 A–H in Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae, Tetriginae) a new pygmy grasshopper species from India
FIGURE 1 A–H. Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. Female A, Body in dorsal view; B, Body in lateral view; C, Head in frontal view. D, Antenna; E, Fore legs in external view; F, Hind femur in external view; G, Mid leg in external view; H, Pulvilli and hind tarsus.
FIGURE 3 A–I. A in Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae, Tetriginae) a new pygmy grasshopper species from India
FIGURE 3 A–I. A, Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov., showing tegmen; B, Hedotettix grossus tegmen; C, Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov., head in dorsal view, showing median carina of vertex; D, Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. posterior margin of the lateral lobe of pronotum; E, Hedotettix grossus head showing median carina of vertex; F, Ovipositor valves; G, Hedotettix grossus head in frontal view; H, Hedotettix grossus; I, pronotum apex and hind wings apex.
FIGURE 5 in Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand's pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)
FIGURE 5. Leucaspis trilobata Henderson sp. nov., adult female. Pupillarium with vignette of dorsal sclerotisation pattern.
FIGURE 2 in Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand's pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)
FIGURE 2. Leucaspis albotecta Henderson sp. nov., adult female. Pupillarium with vignette of dorsal sclerotisation pattern.
FIGURE 1 in Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand's pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)
FIGURE 1. New Zealand Korthalsella species in life. A, young fruiting K. clavata parasitic on Coprosma propinqua; B, flowering K. salicornioides parasitic on Leptospermum scoparium; C. fruiting K. lindsayi parasitic on Melicope simplex; D, Leucaspis trilobata sp. nov. on K. lindsayi.
FIGURE 12. Distribution map for Leucaspis albotecta, L in Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand's pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae)
FIGURE 12. Distribution map for Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata and Eriococcus korthalsellae in New Zealand.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.