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13,113 results for “Resistivity”
Landscape layer for resistance
<p>This is raster file (base_cats_new3.asc) that was used to generate the environmental resistance surface with the ResistanceGA R package (Peterman, 2018) to evaluate models of environmental resistance to between-population movement of saltwater crocodiles <em>Crocodylus porosus</em> in the Northern Territory of Australia, represented by individual pairwise genetic distances among individuals. ResistanceGA models pairwise genetic distances in response to pairwise 'ecological distances' using linear mixed effects models with a maximum-likelihood population effects (MLPE) random effects structure (Clarke, Rothery, & Raybould, 2002), represented by individual ID in our models. We used Smouse and Peakall (1999) pairwise genetic distance as the response variable for this purpose.We estimated resistance surfaces that optimised random-walk commute distances (Etten, 2018) among the locations of sampled individuals as an explanatory variable in models of pairwise genetic distances among individuals. We ran a single surface optimisation in ResistanceGA (Peterman, 2018) to generate resistance values for the six environmental cover categories and stopped each model after 25 consecutive generations of no improvement in log-likelihood.</p>
Dataset: Effect of Macrorough Sidewalls on Flow Resistance in Steep Rough Channels
<p>The data set includes reach-averaged flow velocity measurements and bed and sidewall roughness parameters for flume experiments conducted at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology, and Glaciology (VAW) at ETH Zurich.</p>
Caregivers and MDR-TB patients: Dataset for the importance of knowledge and behavior on drug resistance tuberculosis
<p>Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a type of Tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to at least one or more of the main anti-TB drugs, namely Rifampin or Isoniazid, so this infection is more difficult to eliminate. Good knowledge and behavior of caregivers and patients can affect the success of treatment because they tend not to be late in taking treatment. In this data note we provide the details of a research database of 228 MDR-TB caregivers and patients underwent treatment from January 2020 to December 2021 in preferred hospital in West Java, Indonesia. The purposes of this publication are to describe the dataset for external researchers who may be interested in making use of it, and to detail the methods used to obtain the dataset to determine the level of knowledge and behavior of MDR-TB caregivers and patients regarding the disease through a validated questionnaire consisted of the knowledge and behavior distributed to respondents via online and offline.</p>
Genomic and chemical evidence for local adaptation in resistance to different herbivores in Datura stramonium
<p>Since most species are collections of genetically variable populations distributed to habitats differing in their abiotic/biotic environmental factors and community composition, the pattern and strength of natural selection imposed by species on each others' traits are also expected to be highly spatially variable. Here, we used genomic and quantitative genetic approaches to understand how spatially variable selection operates on the genetic basis of plant defenses to herbivores. To this end, an F2 progeny was generated by crossing Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) parents from two populations differing in their level of chemical defense. This F2 progeny was reciprocally transplanted into the parental plants' habitats and by measuring the Identity by Descent (IBD) relationship of each F2 plant to each parent, we were able to elucidate how spatially variable selection imposed by herbivores operated on the genetic background (IBD) of resistance to herbivory, promoting local adaptation. The results highlight that plants possessing the highest total alkaloid concentrations (sum of all alkaloid classes) were not the most well-defended or fit. Instead, specific alkaloids and their linked loci/alleles were favored by selection imposed by different herbivores. This has led to population differentiation in plant defenses and thus, to local adaptation driven by plant-herbivore interactions.</p>
Data from: Applied phenomics and genomics for improving barley yellow dwarf resistance in winter wheat
<div> <div> <p>Barley yellow dwarf is one of the major viral diseases of cereals. Phenotyping barley yellow dwarf in wheat is extremely challenging due to similarities to other biotic and abiotic stresses. Breeding for resistance is additionally challenging as the wheat primary germplasm pool lacks genetic resistance, with most of the few resistance genes named to date originating from a wild relative species. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the use of high-throughput phenotyping to improve barley yellow dwarf assessment; (2) identify genomic regions associated with barley yellow dwarf resistance, and (3) evaluate the ability of genomic selection models to predict barley yellow dwarf resistance. Up to 107 wheat lines were phenotyped during each of 5 field seasons under both insecticide treated and untreated plots. Across all seasons, barley yellow dwarf severity was lower within the insecticide treatment along with increased plant height and grain yield compared with untreated entries. Only 9.2% of the lines were positive for the presence of the translocated segment carrying the resis- tance gene Bdv2. Despite the low frequency, this region was identified through association mapping. Furthermore, we mapped a poten- tially novel genomic region for barley yellow dwarf resistance on chromosome 5AS. Given the variable heritability of the trait (0.211–0.806), we obtained a predictive ability for barley yellow dwarf severity ranging between 0.06 and 0.26. Including the presence or absence of Bdv2 as a covariate in the genomic selection models had a large effect for predicting barley yellow dwarf but almost no effect for other ob- served traits. This study was the first attempt to characterize barley yellow dwarf using field-high-throughput phenotyping and apply geno- mic selection to predict disease severity. These methods have the potential to improve barley yellow dwarf characterization, additionally identifying new sources of resistance will be crucial for delivering barley yellow dwarf resistant germplasm.</p> </div> </div>
Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance - Data Revision
<p>Datasets and R code related to manuscript entitled, "Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance". See '0_READ_ME.rtf' file for additional description of available files.</p>
Insertion sequences and other mobile elements associated with antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus isolates from an inpatient with prolonged bacteremia.
<p>Insertion sequences (ISs) and other transposable elements are associated with the mobilization of antibiotic resistance determinants and the modulation of pathogenic characteristics. In this work, we aimed to investigate the association between ISs and antibiotic resistance genes, and their role in dissemination and modification of the antibiotic resistant phenotype. To that end, we leveraged fully resolved <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> genomes of isolates collected over five days from an inpatient with prolonged bacteremia. Isolates from both species harbored similar IS family content but showed significant species-dependent differences in copy number and arrangements of ISs throughout their replicons. Here, we describe two inter-specific IS-mediated recombination events and IS-mediated excision events in plasmids of <em>E. faecium</em> isolates. We also characterize a novel arrangement of the ISs in a Tn1546-like transposon in <em>E. faecalis</em> isolates likely implicated in a vancomycin genotype-phenotype discrepancy. Furthermore, an extended analysis revealed a novel association between daptomycin resistance mutations in <em>liaSR</em> genes and a putative composite transposon in<em> E. faecium</em>, offering a new paradigm for the study of daptomycin resistance and novel insights into the dissemination of daptomycin resistance. In conclusion, our study highlights the role ISs and other transposable elements play in the rapid adaptation and response to clinically relevant stresses such as aggressive antibiotic treatment in enterococci.</p>
Alterations of antimicrobial resistance genes in the clinical multi-drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Vietnam
<p><strong>FIGURE 1 </strong>List of antibiotic resistance gene expression.</p> <p><strong>TABLE 1 </strong>Primers used in this study.</p> <p><strong>TABLE 2 </strong>Clinical characteristics of 30 patients with <em>A. baumannii </em>isolates.</p> <p><strong>TABLE 3 </strong>Antimicrobial resistance values of <em>A. baumannii</em> isolated during 2017 to 2019 year in the Military Hospital 103.</p> <p><strong>TABLE 4 </strong>Relationship between genotype and phenotype antimicrobial resistance of isolates in this study.</p> <p><strong>TABLE 5 </strong>List of altered antibiotic resistance genes expression in isolates of <em>A. baumannii</em> (up or down two-fold changes of related genes compare with <em>16S rRNA</em> gene).</p> <p><strong>TABLE 6 </strong>The multiple antimicrobial resistance gene profile of 30 <em>A. baumannii</em> isolates.</p> <p> </p>
Microbiomes associated with avian malaria survival differ between susceptible Hawaiian honeycreepers and sympatric malaria-resistant introduced birds
<p>Of the estimated 55 Hawaiian honeycreepers (subfamily Carduelinae) only 17 species remain, 9 of which the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers endangered. Among the most pressing threats to honeycreeper survival is avian malaria, caused by the introduced blood parasite <em>Plasmodium relictum</em>, which is increasing in distribution in Hawai`i as a result of climate change. Preventing further honeycreeper decline will require innovative conservation strategies that confront malaria from multiple angles. Research on mammals revealed strong connections between gut microbiome composition and malaria susceptibility, illuminating a potential novel approach to malaria control through the manipulation of gut microbiota. </p> <p><span>One honeycreeper species, Hawai`i `amakihi (<em>Chlorodrepanis virens</em>), persists in some areas of high malaria prevalence, indicating they have acquired some level of immunity. To investigate if avian host-specific microbes may be associated with malaria survival, we characterized cloacal microbiomes and malaria infection for 174 `amakihi and 172 malaria-resistant warbling white-eyes (<em>Zosterops japonicus</em>) from Hawai`i Island using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and qPCR. Neither microbial alpha nor beta diversity covaried with infection, but 149 microbes showed positive associations with malaria survivors. Among these were <em>Escherichia</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp., which appear to mitigate malaria severity in mammalian hosts, revealing promising candidates for future probiotic research for augmenting malaria immunity in sensitive endangered species.</span></p>
Can disease resistance evolve independently at different ages? Genetic variation in age-dependent resistance to disease in three wild plant species
<p>1. Juveniles are typically less resistant (more susceptible) to infectious disease than adults, and this difference in susceptibility can help fuel the spread of pathogens in age-structured populations. However evolutionary explanations for this variation in resistance across age remain to be tested.</p> <p>2. One hypothesis is that natural selection has optimized resistance to peak at ages where disease exposure is greatest. A central assumption of this hypothesis is that hosts have the capacity to evolve resistance independently at different ages. This would mean that hosts populations have a) standing genetic variation in resistance at both juvenile and adult stages, and b) that this variation is not strongly correlated between age-classes so that selection acting at one age does not produce a correlated response at the other age</p> <p>3. Here we evaluated the capacity of three wild plant species (Silene latifolia, S. vulgaris, and Dianthus pavonius) to evolve resistance to their anther-smut pathogens (Microbotryum fungi), independently at different ages. The pathogen is pollinator-transmitted, and thus exposure risk is considered to be highest at the adult flowering stage.</p> <p>4. Within each species we grew families to different ages, inoculated individuals with anther smut, and evaluated the effects of age, family and their interaction on infection.</p> <p>5. In two of the plant species, S. latifolia and D. pavonius, resistance to smut at the juvenile stage was not correlated with resistance to smut at the adult stage. In all three species, we show there are significant age*family interaction effects, indicating that age-specificity of resistance varies among the plant families.</p> <p>6. Synthesis: These results indicate that different mechanisms likely underlie resistance at juvenile and adult stages and support the hypothesis that resistance can evolve independently in response to differing selection pressures as hosts age. Taken together our results provide new insight into the structure of genetic variation in age-dependent resistance in three well-studied wild host-pathogen systems.</p>
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a therapeutic vulnerability of CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant ER+ breast cancer with mitotic aberrations
<p>This study aims to investigate the accumulation of genomic instability and chromosome segregation errors after the acquisition of resistance to CDK4/6i in ER+ breast cancer and to test the efficacy of mitotic kinase inhibitors as a potential treatment for CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer patients.</p> <p><strong>This repository contains whole-exome and shallow whole-genome sequencing from luminal breast cancer cell lines (T47D, LY2, MDA-MB-361, CAMA1, MCF7, KPL1, ZR751, HCC1428) both at the untreated or Parental state and post resistance to Palbociclib.</strong></p> <p>Palbociclib resistance was developed by continuous dose-escalation of palbociclib up to 0.5-1 μM until cell growth was observed in the presence of the drug (6-8 months for cell lines). During this time, parental cell lines and organoids were cultured in regular media to match the time spent in culture. Once resistance was established, Palbo-R cell lines were cultured in a regular growth medium without palbociclib. Cells were cultured without palbociclib for at least two weeks before evaluating resistance.</p>
Code and Additional Files for the Manuscript "The Impact of Farming Practices on Resistance to Critically Important Antimicrobials in ESBL or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in Thailand"
<p>These scripts were used in the"The Impact of Farming Practices on Resistance to Critically Important Antimicrobials in ESBL or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in Thailand" manuscript. The scripts are ordered for ease of use. It also contains intermediate files and files necessary for the mapping. Table S1 containing the metadata is available in the supplementary information of the manuscript.</p>
Identification and fine mapping of gummy stem blight resistance gene Gsb-7(t) in Melon
<p>Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by the <em>Didymella bryoniae</em> (Auersw.) Rehm, is a devastating fungal disease of melon worldwide. Breeding GSB-resistant cultivars with host resistance genes is considered to be the most economic and effective strategy to control this disease. In this study, 260 melon germplasm resources were screened for resistance to GSB, and an inbred line H55R exhibited immunity to GSB was identified. To further understand the resistance mechanism of H55R against GSB, an F<sub>2</sub> population was obtained from a cross between the GSB-susceptible line A15 and H55R, and genetic analysis indicated that the resistance in H55R was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively named <em>Gsb-7(</em><em>t</em><em>)</em>. The <em>Gsb-7(</em><em>t</em><em>)</em> gene was finally delimited to a 140 kb interval on chromosome 7 using bulked-segregant analysis and chromosome walking strategies. Ten putative genes were annotated in this region that contains a wall-associated receptor kinase (WAK) gene <em>MELO3C</em><em>010403</em>. The <em>MELO3C</em><em>010403</em> gene contains two alternative transcripts, T1 and T2, with five and seven non-synonymous mutation sites, respectively. Gene expression analysis showed that expression of T1 but not the T2 was significantly induced by the <em>D</em><em>.</em><em> bryoniae</em> at 24 hours post-inoculation (hpi), indicating that the T2 transcript of <em>MELO3C</em><em>010403</em> was the most likely candidate gene of <em>Gsb-7(t)</em><em>.</em> Our results offer new genetic resources and will be helpful for the development of GSB-resistant melon cultivars in the future.</p>
Low winter temperatures and divergent freezing resistance set the cold range limit of widespread alpine graminoids
<p><span>Aim:</span><span> "Where and why does a species exist" is a fundamental question in ecology. However, the actual range limits of alpine plant species are largely unexplored and unexplained. We aim at identifying the low temperature range limits of the two most abundant alpine graminoid species on acidic soils that intermingle in mosaics of high-elevation habitats across the European Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Location:</span><span> Alpine grasslands in the Swiss Alps.</span></p> <p><span>Taxon:</span><span> Carex curvula (Cyperaceae) and Nardus stricta (Poaceae), named by the genus name hereafter.</span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> Carex </span><span>and Nardus clearly segregated across different microsites. Season length, growing degree hours and soil chemistry (pH, C/N-ratio, phosphorus) did not demarcate the two species' ranges, while their distribution was strongly affected by soil minimum temperature in winter. Carex occurred at sites with and without protecting snow cover and resisted low soil temperatures (-13 °C). Nardus was absent at microsites with snow cover duration less than 5 months and soil minimum temperatures below -5 °C. During the growing season, leaves of Carex had a higher freezing resistance with LT50 of -16.1 °C than those of Nardus with LT50 of -13.3 °C (LT50: lethal temperature for 50% of the tissue). Tetrazolium staining in shoots also revealed a higher freezing resistance in Carex compared to Nardus, and shoot apices tolerated lowest temperatures: Carex -30 °C, Nardus -24 °C. Though, a vital shoot apex alone did not ensure regrowth after winter. Regrowth after severe frost events requires intact vessels and roots, all less freezing tolerant than apical meristems and young leaves.</span></p> <p><span>Main conclusions:</span><span> The cold range limits of these widespread alpine graminoid species are evidently set by thermal extremes in winter. Microtopography, thus snow distribution pattern, in concert with the species' freezing resistance explains the cold edge of the fundamental niche of these two species.</span></p>
Open data for the article "Low-resistivity, high-resolution W-C electrical contacts fabricated by direct-write focused electron beam induced deposition"
<p>Open data for the article "Low-resistivity, high-resolution W-C electrical contacts fabricated by direct-write focused electron beam induced deposition", which will be published in Open Research Europe</p>
Data from: Unravelling cucumber resistance to several viruses via genome-wide association studies highlighted resistance hotspots and new QTLs
<p>The mapping and introduction of sustainable resistance to viruses in crops is a major challenge in modern breeding, especially regarding vegetables. We hence assembled a panel of cucumber elite lines and landraces from different horticultural groups for testing with six virus species. We mapped 18 quantitative trait loci (QTL) with a multiloci genome wide association studies (GWAS), some of which have already been described in the literature. We detected two resistance hotspots, one on chromosome 5 for resistance to the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), colocalizing with the RDR1 gene, and another on chromosome 6 for resistance to the zucchini yellowing mosaic virus (ZYMV) and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) close to the putative VPS4 gene location. We observed clear structuring of resistance among horticultural groups due to plant virus coevolution and modern breeding which have impacted linkage disequilibrium (LD) in resistance QTLs. The inclusion of genetic structure in GWAS models enhanced the GWAS accuracy in this study. The dissection of resistance hotspots by local LD and haplotype construction helped gain insight into the panel’s resistance introduction history. ZYMV and CMV resistance were both introduced from different donors in the panel, resulting in multiple resistant haplotypes at same locus for ZYMV, and in multiple resistant QTLs for CMV.</p>
METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ITS DETERMINANTS OF RAW COW MILK CONTAMINATION IN SELECTED GAMO ZONE DISTRICT OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
<p>We conducted this study, titled "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aurous and its Determinants of Raw Cow Milk Contamination in a Selected Gamo Zone District of Southern Ethiopia," in order to disseminate our findings to the scientific community. The research has its own strengths, such as the work we did on milk quality and potential milk borne pathogens, as well as the determinants of contamination at the selling point, which is only on fresh milk after it has been checked for freshness. As a result, the authors initiated this research based on practical challenges encountered while providing professional support to various producers in the milk selling point. Because of the irrational use of antibiotics among human and animal health in the study area, this research aimed to estimate the microbial load, prevalence of methicillin resistant <em>S. aurous</em> (MRSA), and determinants of raw cow milk contamination at selling points. This could be a source of drug resistance development in Ethiopia and in the study area in particular. Furthermore, due to resource constraints, the study focuses on bacteriological analysis, risk factor association, and drug sensitivity testing, which can serve as baseline data for future characterization and intervention. Hoping that we authors are interested to publish our research output in your journal with your eminent support for the article gets published.</p>
ArMoR Cluster: 5 research projects fight Antimicrobial Resistance in livestock farming
<p>Within Horizon Results Booster programme (HRB), 4 Horizon 2020 projects (AVANT, DISARM, HealthyLivestock and ROADMAP) and 1 BBSRC funded project (AMRILS) have formed the "ArMoR Cluster" to develop a conceptual framework to improve understanding of AMR in livestock systems.</p> <p>Supported by the European Commission, Horizon Dissemination Booster (HRB) contributes to an effective transfer of research and innovation project results to policy makers, industry and society by offering various services as dissemination, exploitation strategy and business plan development to projects.</p> <p>The video is available on YouTube: <strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnU35ytdEuM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnU35ytdEuM</a></strong></p> <p>For any further questions please contact us at:</p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/avant@rtds-group.com">avant@rtds-group.com</a></strong> (project AVANT),</li> <li><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/info@disarmproject.eu">info@disarmproject.eu</a></strong> (project DISARM),</li> <li><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/healthylivestockproject@yahoo.com">healthylivestockproject@yahoo.com</a></strong> (project Healthy Livestock) or</li> <li><strong><a href="mailto:roadmap.communication@gmail.com">roadmap.communication@gmail.com</a></strong> (project ROADMAP). </li> </ul>
FOLFOXIRI resistance induction and characterization in human colorectal cancer cells
<p>Supplementary dataset to "FOLFOXIRI resistance induction and characterization in human colorectal cancer cells"</p>
Fig. 1 in INSUFFICIENT COLD RESISTANCE AND THE EASTERN BOUNDARY OF THE DISTRIBUTION RANGE OF ANT LASIUS FULIGINOSUS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Fig. 1. Supercooling points (SCP) distributions of the Lasius fuliginosus from 3 nests from the environs of the Novosibirsk. In the right upper corner of the picture there is a number of the nest.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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