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694 results for “Size effect”
A data set on_Electrical and colloidal properties of hydrogenated nanodiamonds: effects of structure, composition and size
<p>The data set to paper: </p> <p>Electrical and colloidal properties of hydrogenated nanodiamonds: effects of structure, composition and size</p> <p>Stepan Stehlik1,2*, Ondrej Szabo2, Ekaterina Shagieva2, Daria Miliaieva2, Alexander Kromka2, Zuzana Nemeckova3, Jiri Henych3, 4, Jan Kozempel5, Evgeny Ekimov6, Bohuslav Rezek7</p> <p>1 New Technologies – Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14, Pilsen, Czechia<br>2 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czechia<br>3 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czechia<br>4 Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czechia<br>5 Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 1, 115 19, Czechia<br>6 Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 108840, Russia<br>7 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague, Czechia</p> <p>*principal investigator: stehlik@fzu.cz</p> <p>Data manager: Jan Jaroš: Jan.Jaros2@vut.cz</p> <p>Date of data collection: 1. 6. 2020 - 18. 1. 2024</p> <p>All the data showed in the pictures are provided in X-Y format with described sample. Always, the respective Figure to which the data belong is provided in high resolution. <br>The data are in the following formats: <br>Figure 1: tiff, csv<br>Figure 2: tiff, csv<br>Figure 3: tiff, csv<br>Figure 4: tiff, csv<br>Figure 5: tiff, csv<br>Figure 6: tiff</p> <p>Data acquistion methods and conditions and data processing is provided in the Experimental part in the publication: DOI:10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100327</p> <p> </p> <p><span> </span></p>
Effects of mowing on body size patterns in spider assemblages of mesic meadows
<p>Habitat disturbance affects not only the abundance, species richness and species composition of the local fauna, but also the body size of specific individuals and body size patterns in animal assemblages. Particularly large disturbances occur in agroecosystems, where many agricultural treatments are carried out. One of them, which is most commonly applied to grasslands and which significantly damages the habitat structure, is mowing. We examined the effect of mowing on mean, skewness, and kurtosis of the body size in epigeic spider assemblages. The research was conducted on mesic meadows in eastern Poland, in an agricultural landscape typical for this region, consisting of a mosaic of meadows, fields and forests. Spiders were collected using pitfall traps in two sampling periods: the first before mowing and the second when part of the meadows had been mown. Mowing had no significant effect on mean body size, skewness and kurtosis of the body size in epigeic spider assemblages. However, after the cut, mown plots showed on average significantly smaller spider species than unmown plots. Both the value of skewness and kurtosis significantly increased after mowing, but to the same extent on both the control and mown plots. The decrease in mean body size and increase in skewness in spider assemblages were mainly due to an increase in the number of small species from the Linyphiidae family. It is likely that these species began to migrate (via ballooning) during the second sampling session, following the start of haying, and were thus caught in traps more frequently. Our study showed no clear, significant changes in the body size structure of epigeic spiders in mown meadows compared to unmown ones, which may suggest that the mowing, where extensive farming is practised, does not have a long-term significant negative impact on this group of invertebrates.</p>
Body size and trophic levels explain global asymmetric response of tetrapod diversity to climate effects
<p><span>Although c</span><span>limate-based hypotheses are widely used to explain large-scale diversity patterns, they fall short of explaining the spatial variation among taxonomic groups. Integrating food web and metabolic theories into macroecology is a promising step forward, as they allow including explicit taxon-specific traits that can potentially mediate the relationship between climate and diversity. Our investigation focuses on the role of body size and trophic structure in mediating the influence of contemporary climate and historical climate change on global tetrapods species richness. We used piecewise structural equation modeling to assess the direct effects of contemporary climate and climate instability of species richness and the indirect effects of climate on tetrapod richness mediated by community-wide species traits. We found that birds and mammals are less sensitive to the direct effect of contemporary climate than amphibians and squamates. Contemporary climate and climate instability favored the species richness in mammals and amphibians. However, for birds and squamates, this link is only associated with contemporary climate. Moreover, we demonstrated that community-wide traits favored the species richness gradients of tetrapod groups, except amphibians, but this link depends on traits and taxonomic groups. Specifically, bird communities with smaller bodies and bottom-heavy structures support higher species richness. Squamates also tend to be more diverse in communities with prevalence of smaller bodies, while mammals are correlated with top-heavy structures. Moreover, we show that higher contemporary climate and climate instability reduce the species richness of birds and mammals through community-wide traits and tend indirectly improve squamate species richness. Thus, we showed the significance of body size and trophic structure effect in driving a global asymmetric response of tetrapod diversity to climate effects highlights the limitations of applying "typical" climate-based hypotheses. Furthermore, by combining multiple theories, our research contributes to a more realistic and mechanistic understanding of diversity patterns across taxonomic groups. </span></p>
Size-Dependent Dynamics of the Internal Carbon Pool Drive Isotopic Vital Effects in Calcifying Phytoplankton
<p>Isotopic offsets in biogenic calcite from equilibrium values can provide unique insights into the physiology and mechanisms of carbon regulation in calcifying phytoplankton. This study examines the impact of varying CO2 (controlled via pH) on five coccolithophore species chosen for varied cell sizes, physiology, and calcification. The study investigates isotopic offsets in coccolith calcite and organic matter, in relation to carbon demand and supply (<i>µ</i>/CO2). Species-specific CO2/pH optima for growth (<i>µ</i>opt) were derived from variations in growth rates with varying CO2 concentrations. Growth rates for all species declined with rising CO2 (decreasing pH) due to H+-driven inhibition. <i>C. braarudii </i>and<i> C. leptoporus</i> exhibited high <i>µ</i>opt values (suggesting high carbon-demand) and limited growth under low CO2 (high pH) suggesting carbon limitation. Under low CO2 supply, when growth rates were CO2-limited, both species exhibited coincident isotopic depletion in calcite and organic matter as a consequence of CO2 diffusion into the cell that experienced no equilibration as a result of a highly depleted internal carbon pool. In these two species, isotopic values in calcite remained unaffected by growth rates and CO2 concentration (<i>µ</i>/CO2) when CO2 was sufficient for optimal growth. <i>G. huxleyi </i>and<i> G. oceanica </i>displayed optima for growth (<i>µ</i>opt) at low CO2 concentrations and showed no growth limitation under low CO2 (indicating low carbon-demand). Both species experienced depleted (negative) vital effects caused by an excess of CO2 diffusion into the small internal carbon pool of the cell when diffusive carbon supply outpaced low demand (low <i>µ</i>/CO2). Enriched (positive) vital effects were observed under low carbon supply and high demand, likely due to diffusive loss of CO2 from the cell's intracellular carbon pool due to a lower intracellular pH. <i>C. carterae</i> exhibited an intermediate <i>µ</i>opt and isotopically equilibrated intracellular carbon pool such that δ13C values in calcite and organic matter suggested a shared carbon pool. This study illustrates that pH-CO2 driven vital effects and fractionation into organic matter indicate the residence time for carbon in the intracellular carbon pool, and the size of this pool is proportional to cell size. <i>C. leptoporus </i>and<i> C. carterae</i> can elevate intracellular pH to minimise CO2 leakage, whereas vital effects in <i>G. huxleyi</i> and <i>G. oceanica </i>are caused by diffusive CO2 due to the small size of their internal carbon pool.</p>
Data from: Demography predicts genetic effective size in a desert stream fish community
<p>Demographic data collected during long-term diversity monitoring and short-term ecological surveys were used to calculate summary statistics to compare with estimates of genetic effective size for nine species occurring in the Gila River, New Mexico, USA. Diversity survey data collected by New Mexico Department of Game and Fish from 1988 to 2010 were converted to presence/absence data to create detection histories for each of the nine focal species. Simple occupancy models of detection histories implemented using program PRESENCE were used to estimate the annual probability of sites becoming extirpated. A second data source from affiliated short-term ecological studies provided numbers of individuals captured and area sampled and was used to estimate mean density of adult individuals across sample sites. These data were also used to calculated an index of commonness that incorporates both relative abundance and study wide occupancy. Microsatellite genotypes from a previous study and Dryad submission were used to estimate effective number of breeders and genetic effective size (estimates included in this submission) for each species and contemporary migration rates. Migration rates were estimated using the Bayesian assignment model implemented in program BIMr. Outputs from all independent model runs and code to process output files are included with this data submission.</p>
Data from: Patch size drives colonization by aquatic insects, with minor priority effects of a cohabitant
<p>Patch size is one of the most important factors affecting the distribution and abundance of species, and recent research has shown that patch size is an important niche dimension affecting community structure in aquatic insects. Building on this result, we examined the impact of patch size in conjunction with presence of larval anurans on colonization by aquatic insects. Hyla chrysoscelis (Cope's gray treefrog) larvae are abundant and early colonists in fishless lentic habitats, and these larvae can fill multiple ecological roles. By establishing larvae in mesocosms prior to colonization, we were able to assess if H. chrysoscelis larvae have priority effects on aquatic insect assemblages. We conducted a series of three experiments in naturally-colonized experimental landscapes to test whether (1) H. chrysoscelis larval density affects insect colonization, (2) variation in patch size affects insect colonization, and (3) the presence and larval density of H. chrysoscelis shifts colonization of insects between patches of different size. Larval density independently had almost no effect on colonization, while patch size had species-specific effects consistent with prior work. When larvae and patch size were tested in conjunction, patch size had numerous, often strong, species-specific effects on colonization; larval density had effects largely limited to the assemblages of colonizing beetles and water bugs, with few effects on individual species. Higher larval densities in large mesocosms shifted some insect colonization to smaller patches, resulting in higher beta diversity among small patches in proximity to high density large mesocosms. This indicates establishing H. chrysoscelis larvae prior to insect colonization can likely create priority effects that slightly shape insect communities. Our results support the importance of patch size in studying species abundances and distributions, and also indicate that colonization order plays an important role in determining the communities found within habitat patches.</p>
Data for 'Warming and predation risk only weakly shape size-mediated priority effects in a cannibalistic damselfly'
<p>In a laboratory experiment, we studied effects of warming (low and high temperature) and predation risk (presence and absence of predator cues of perch) on SMPE in life history and physiological traits in the cannibalistic damselfly <em>Ischnura elegans</em>. We induced SMPE by manipulating hatching dates, thereby creating four groups: non-mixed phenology early (E) and late (L) hatchlings, and mixed phenology early (E+L) and late (L+E) hatchlings.</p> <p>This data set includes:</p> <ul> <li>hatch date</li> <li>emergence date</li> <li>survival until emergence and emergence success data</li> <li>mass of adult insects</li> <li>development time (from hatching to emergence, in days)</li> <li>growth rate (mass of adult insect/development time in days)</li> <li>protein content (μg of protein/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> <li>fat content (μg of fat/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> <li>phenoloxidase activity (PO, value of activity curve slope)</li> <li>PO activity/protein (value of activity curve slope/(μg of protein/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> </ul>
Breitenfeld et al. (2024) Dataset: Effect of Particle Size on Raman Signal Strength of Silicate Minerals
<p>This dataset includes a CSV file with the raw Raman spectra of six mineral samples (two forsterites, augite, dioside, labradorite, and bytownite) each at 10 particle size ranges. It also includes a CSV file with the cooresponding metdata (minerals names and particle size ranges in microns) for each spectrum.</p>
Data set related to the manuscript "Investigating the effect of particle size distribution and complex exchange dynamics on NMR spectra of ions diffusing in disordered porous carbons through a mesoscopic model"
<p>Graphical files in the agr format for all the figures in the manuscript entitled "Investigating the effect of particle size distribution and complex exchange dynamics on NMR spectra of ions diffusing in disordered porous carbons through a mesoscopic model". XYZ files giving the particles and bulk positions in the lattices are also provided.</p>
Dataset on the effects of mineral grain size and seawater salinity on Mg(OH)2 dissolution and CaCO3 precipitation kinetics.
<p>Dataset from the manuscript "Effects of grain size and seawater salinity on magnesium hydroxide dissolution and secondary calcium carbonate precipitation kinetics: implications for ocean alkalinity enhancement" from Moras et al., 2024 (https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-645). The dataset compiles all data used in the manuscript. The manuscript covers Mg(OH)2 dissoluton and CaCO3 precipitation kinetics for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement. These kinetics are reported under different conditions, such as varying grain size and seawater salinity.</p>
Data from: Effects of maternal age and environmental enrichment on learning ability and brain size
<p>It is well known that maternal age at reproduction affects offspring lifespan and some other fitness-related traits, but it remains understudied whether maternal senescence affects how offspring respond to their environments. Early environment often plays a significant role in the development of an animal's behavioral phenotype. For example, complex environments can promote changes in cognitive ability and brain morphology in young animals. Here, we study whether and how maternal effect senescence influences offspring plasticity in cognition, group behavior, and brain morphology in response to environmental complexity. For this, juvenile three-spined sticklebacks from young and old mothers (i.e. 1-year and 2-years-old) were exposed to different levels of environmental enrichment and complexity (i.e. none, simple and complex), and their behavior, cognitive ability, and brain size were measured. Exposing fish to enriched conditions improved individual learning ability assessed by a repeated detour-reaching task, increased the size of the whole brain, and decreased aggressive interactions in the shoal. Maternal age did not influence the inhibitory control, learning ability, and group behavioral responses of offspring to the experimental environmental change. However, maternal age affected how some brain regions of offspring changed in response to environmental complexity. In offspring from old mothers, those exposed to the complex environment had larger telencephalons and cerebellums than those who experienced simpler environments. Our results suggest that maternal effect senescence may influence how offspring invest in brain functions related to cognition in response to environmental complexity.</p>
Effect size data for the meta-analysis article ""Effects of vegetation management intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in vineyards: a meta-analysis"
<p>This Exel file includes the effect size dataset used for the statistical analysis for the paper "Effect of vegetation management intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in vineyards: a meta-analysis", which will be published in the Journal of Applied Ecology in 2018.</p> <p>This meta-analysis was conducted in the course of the project VineDivers (<a href="http://www.vinedivers.eu/">www.vinedivers.eu</a>) funded through the 2013-2014 BiodivERsA/FACCE-JPI joint call for research proposals, with the national funders: Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), French National Research Agency (ANR), Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI) and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF/Germany). P. Batáry was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG BA4438/2-1) and by the Economic Development and Innovation Operational Programme of Hungary (GINOP–2.3.2–15–2016–00019).</p> <p> </p>
Experimental data of Large Effects of Particle Size Heterogeneity and Measurement Method on Dynamic Saltation Threshold
<p>There are the experimental data we conducted in a wind tunnel in Lanzhou University. And we present the original data about wind velocitys <em><strong>U</strong></em> [m/s] and corresponding measuring locations <em><strong>H</strong></em> above the sand bed [cm] with different sand size distribution here.</p>
Figure 6 in Effect of mound size on intranest thermoregulation in the red wood ants Formicarufa and F. polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figure 6. The dependence of heat fluxes on mound sizes in F. rufa and F. polyctena.
Figure 4 in Effect of mound size on intranest thermoregulation in the red wood ants Formicarufa and F. polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figure 4. Kernel density estimation of F.rufa and F. polyctena nest illuminations.
Size matters: The effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on parasite transmission in the Daphnia-Metschnikowia host-parasite system
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 2 in Effect of anesthetic, tag size, and surgeon experience on postsurgical recovering after implantation of electronic tags in a neotropical fish: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Fig. 2. Examples of tag expulsion (left) and antenna migration (right) of Prochilodus lineatus.
Fig. 3 in Effect of anesthetic, tag size, and surgeon experience on postsurgical recovering after implantation of electronic tags in a neotropical fish: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Fig. 3. Healthy (left) and infected (right) viscera on necropsy of Prochilodus lineatus.
Fig. 1 in Effect of anesthetic, tag size, and surgeon experience on postsurgical recovering after implantation of electronic tags in a neotropical fish: Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Fig. 1. Criteria and examples for the surgical and postsurgical rankings.
Experimental and theoretical data generated to study effect of crystallite size on the flexibility and negative compressibility of ZIF-8
<p><span>Open access to experimental data generated by the project </span><a href="https://www.electro-intrusion.eu/en"><span>Electro-Intrusion</span></a><span> (101017858, Horizon 2020, European Union) along with the research on the thermal behaviour of hydrophobic porous materials to be used in intrusion-extrusion applications. Research pertaining to Task 2.1 (WP2).</span></p> <p><span>Underlying data for the publication Johnson, L. J. W. et al. Effect of Crystallite Size on the Flexibility and Negative Compressibility of Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks. Nano Letters 2023, 23, 10682-10686. <a title="DOI URL" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02431">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02431</a> Data related to Figures 1, 2, and 3 in the article.</span></p>
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