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151 results for “Soil Respiration”
Soil respiration in a successional tropical forest in Thailand
<p class="p1">Soil respiration (SR) in forests contributes significant emissions of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere. Soil respiration is highly sensitive to environmental changes because it is affected by many factors, including soil temperature, soil moisture, microbial community, surface litter and vegetation type. Indeed, a small change in SR may have large impacts on the global carbon balance, further influencing feedbacks to climate change. Thus, detailed characterization of SR responses to changes in environmental conditions is needed to accurately estimate carbon dioxide emissions from forest ecosystems. However, data for such analyses are still limited, especially in tropical forests of Southeast Asia where various stages of forest succession exist due to previous land-use changes. In this preliminary study, we measured SR and some environmental factors including soil temperature (ST), soil moisture (SM) and organic matter content (OM) in three successional tropical forests in both wet and dry seasons. We also analyzed the relationships between SR and the three environmental variables. Results showed that SR was higher in the wet season and in older forests. While no response of SR to ST was found in younger forest stages, SR of the old-growth forest significantly responded to ST, plausibly due to the non-uniform forest structure, including gaps, that resulted in a wide range of ST. Across forest stages, SM was the limiting factor for SR in the wet season whereas SR significantly varied with OM in the dry season. Overall, our results indicated that the responses of SR to environmental factors were mediated by seasons and forest succession. These findings call for further investigations on SR and its variations with environmental factors in tropical forests with detailed temporal and spatial scales, particularly in Southeast Asia where patches of successional stages dominate.</p>
Observation‐based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models
<p><span>Soil heterotrophic respiration (R<sub>h</sub>) refers to the flux of CO2 released from soil to atmosphere as a result of organic matter decomposition by soil microbes and fauna. As one of the major fluxes in the global carbon cycle, the estimation of global R<sub>h</sub> still exists large uncertainties, which further limited our current understanding of the carbon accumulation in soils. Here, we applied a Random Forest algorithm to create a global dataset of soil R<sub>h</sub>, by linking 761 field observations with both abiotic and biotic predictors. We estimated that the global R<sub>h</sub> was 48.8 ± 0.9 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup> for 1982–2018, which was 16% less than the ensemble mean (58.6 ± 9.9 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup>) of 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. By integrating our observational R<sub>h</sub> with independent soil carbon stock datasets, we obtained a global mean soil carbon turnover time of 38.3 ± 11 yr. Using observation-based turnover times as a constraint, we found that terrestrial ecosystem models simulated faster carbon turnovers, leading to a 30% (74 Pg C) underestimation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon accumulation for the past century, which was especially pronounced at high latitudes. This underestimation is equivalent to 45% of the total carbon emissions (164 Pg C) caused by global land use change at the same time. Our analyses highlight the need to constrain ecosystem models using observation-based and locally adapted R<sub>h</sub> values to obtain reliable predictions of the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems. </span></p>
Apparent thermal acclimation of soil heterotrophic respiration mainly mediated by substrate availability
<p><span>Multiple lines of existing evidence suggest that increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emission from soils</span> <span>in response to rising temperatures could accelerate global warming. However, in experimental studies, the initial positive response of soil heterotrophic respiration (</span><span>R</span><sub><span>H</span></sub><span>) to</span><span> warming often weakens over time (referred to apparent thermal acclimation). If the</span><span> decreased </span><span>R</span><span>H</span> <span>is driven by</span><span> the thermal adaptation of soil microbial community, the potential for soil carbon (C) losses would be reduced substantially. In the meanwhile, the response could </span><span>equally be caused by substrate depletion, and would then </span><span>reflect the gradual loss of soil C.</span> <span>To address uncertainties regarding the causes of apparent thermal acclimation, we carried out </span><span>sterilization and inoculation</span><span> experiments using the soil samples from an alpine meadow with 6-years of warming and nitrogen (N) addition. We demonstrate</span><span> that substrate depletion, rather than microbial adaptation, determined the response of R<sub>H</sub> to long-term warming. Furthermore, </span><span>N addition appeared to alleviate the apparent acclimation of </span><span>R</span><sub><span>H</span></sub><span> to warming. Our study provides strong empirical support for </span><span>substrate availability being the cause of the </span><span>apparent acclimation of soil </span><span>microbial respiration to temperature. Thus, t</span><span>hese mechanistic insights</span><span> could</span><span> facilitate efforts of biogeochemical modeling to accurately project soil C stocks in the future climate.</span></p>
Understory plant removal counteracts tree thinning effect on soil respiration in a temperate forest
<p><span>Elucidating the response mechanism of soil respiration (Rs) to silvicultural practices is pivotal to evaluating the effects of management practices on soil carbon cycling in planted forest ecosystems. </span><span>However, as common management practices, how thinning, understory plant removal, and their interactions affect Rs and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components (Ra and Rh) remains unclear</span><span>. Therefore, we investigated Rs, Ra and Rh by the trenching method from 2011 to 2015 in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation in northern China, subjecting to four treatments [intact control plots (CK), thinning (T), understory removal (UR), and thinning with understory removal (TUR)].</span><span> Mean annual Rs was significantly increased by thinning (by 15.3%), whereas decreased by UR (by 17.4%), compared with CK. These variations in Rs were mainly attributed to changes in Ra. The increments of Ra were caused by the enhanced growth of fine root biomass after thinning. However, UR led to lower Ra compared with CK (P < 0.05), indicating that understory growth is inadequate to compensate for the decreased respiring root biomass induced by understory removal. Rs was unchanged between TUR and the intact control plot due to the opposite effects of thinning and UR on the Ra. Changes in Rh exhibited no significant differences among the treatments, partly because of the stable microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and forest floor mass (litter and fine woody debris). No interaction effect between thinning and understory removal was detected on Rs, Ra and Rh. The lowest temperature sensitivity (Q10) value of Ra was found in CK. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating understory plant effects on soil CO2 efflux in assessing forest management practices on soil carbon cycling.</span></p>
Data underlying publication: Ambient precipitation determines the sensitivity of soil respiration to precipitation treatments in a marsh
<p>This dataset contains ambient climate data, soil three-parameter data, vegetation biomass data, soil respiration and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components collected from 2016-2021 in a field precipitation changes experiment established at the Yellow River Delta Ecological Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.</p> <p> </p> <p>This study aims to investigate whether ambient climate affects the sensitivity of soil respiration to long-term precipitation treatments and the underlying mechanisms. Briefly, the relationship between net radiation, air temperature and annual precipitation in the ambient climate and the sensitivity of soil respiration to precipitation treatments was investigated to explore if the ambient climate affects the sensitivity of soil respiration to long-term precipitation treatments. The mechanism underlying the above results was also explored through the relationship between the sensitivity of soil and vegetation factors and the sensitivity of soil respiration to precipitation treatments.</p> <p> </p> <p>For the process of data collection: first, soil temperature was collected using soil sensors. Soil moisture and soil conductivity data. Secondly, aboveground biomass and belowground biomass data of vegetation were collected using the harvesting method. Finally, soil respiration and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components data were collected using LI-8100 and LI-7810 infrared gas analyzers (Li-Cor, Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA).</p>
Thermal adaptation of microbial respiration persists throughout long-term soil carbon decomposition
<p>The microbial respiration data supporting the main findings of the study titled 'Thermal adaptation of microbial respiration persists throughout long-term soil carbon decomposition'. Mass-specific microbial respiration was consistently lower under higher long-term incubation temperatures, suggesting the occurrence and persistence of microbial thermal adaptation in long-term soil carbon decomposition.</p>
Data from: Partitioning the effect of composition and diversity of tree communities on leaf litter decomposition and soil respiration
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Data from: Unraveling the mechanisms underlying pulse dynamics of soil respiration in tropical dry forests
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Data from: The influence of soil communities on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration
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Data from: Quercus suber dieback alters soil respiration and nutrient availability in Mediterranean forests
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Apparent thermal acclimation of soil heterotrophic respiration mainly mediated by substrate availability
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Data from: Soil CO2 and O2 concentrations illuminate the relative importance of weathering and respiration to seasonal soil gas fluctuations
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Data from: Exposure to dairy manure leads to greater antibiotic resistance and increased mass-specific respiration in soil microbial communities
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Observation‐based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models
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Data from: Multiple scales of spatial heterogeneity control soil respiration responses to precipitation across a dryland rainfall gradient
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Automated total and heterotrophic soil respiration in semi-arid shrubland and annual invasive patches
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Data from: Responses of growing‐season soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition as affected by grazing intensity
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Changes in above/belowground biodiversity and plant functional composition mediate soil respiration response to nitrogen input
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Data from: Interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on soil and ecosystem respiration in grassland ecosystems: a global synthesis
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Understory plant removal counteracts tree thinning effect on soil respiration in a temperate forest
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