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174 results for “Species cover”
Plant species percent cover data: The Effect of Seed Addition on Biodiversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in an unfenced area of field D in the spring of 1991. There are 10 replicates of each of 5 treatments, making a total of 50 plots. Each plot is 1.5m x 1.5m with 1.0m aisles between the plots. The 50 plots were randomly assigned their treatments. Seeds were added to the plots in June of 1991 according to the following treatments: A. Complete Control B. Raked Control C. Forb Seed Added D. Grass Seed Added E. Forb and Grass Seed Added The number of grass and forb seedlings, in the center square meter, were counted in late July and late August of 1991. Percent cover estimates were done, also in the center square meter, of the established plants alone in late July and then, of the established plants and the seedlings together, in late August. Percent cover estimates will continue to be done on an annual basis. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte91.
Plant species percent cover data: Soil Heterogeneity and Plant Diversity in an Oak Savanna
This experiment was established in field D in August of 1991. There are 30, 2m x 2m plots. These plots are in prairie openings in unmanipulated natural vegetation. They were placed in a haphazard manner, being about 20m apart within an opening. Each plot was divided into 16, 0.5m x 0.5m subplots. Percent cover estimates of vegetation are done in September for each of the sixteen subplots in each of the 30 plots.
Plant species percent cover data: Soil Disturbance Gradient
This study is one of six experiments (E086, E103, E104, E105, E106, E107, E108) that test the influence of many factors on the diversity and abundance of prairie plant communities. Each community is a 2.25 meter square plot seeded with the same amount of seeds from 59 different species of plants. The first experiment is a nitrogen-fire-water factorial. The second experiment is a nitrogen-pH factorial. The third experiment is a nitrogen gradient and the fourth experiment is a nitrogen gradient with a diversity of seeds added each year. This experiment (E108) is a disturbance gradient and the last experiment has three levels of soil heterogeneity (variance from the mean) for both nitrogen and pH.
Plant species percent cover data: The Small Biodiversity Experiment
Biodiversity I (E123), also called the ?small biodiversity experiment,? was designed to determine how the number of species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year that result can be examined. Also, the effects of number of species on carbon and nitrogen in the soil and on the ability of other species to invade can be studied. The experiment contains 147 3 x 3m plots that were randomly allocated 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 or 24 plant species. The particular species in a plot were randomly selected from a set of 24 prairie-grassland species which included seven warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, nine non-legume forbs. Each level of number of species has 20 to 24 replicates. In this experiment not all of the species are in monocultures. The study was established in 1994 by lead investigators David Tilman, David Wedin, Peter Reich, and Johannes Knops. Experiment 123 is similar to Experiment 120, but it uses smaller plots and did not categorize by type of plant species prior to randomizing species to plots. This size of plot in Experiment 123 means that the soils are relatively more homogeneous and the desired number of species can be more easily maintained by frequent hand weeding than with larger plots. However, the small size of plots limits sampling and the nesting of other studies within the plots.
Plant species percent cover data: Interactive Effects of Deer, Fire and Nitrogen
In 2000 we began to examine impacts of three anthropogenic effects on successional grasslands in an area with rapid woody encroachment toward white pine forest. We established a factorial experiment that manipulates N (0 or 3 g m-2 yr-1), fire (none or every 2nd year), and deer (fenced or open to deer), with a total of 32 plots, each 20 x 20 m. We hypothesized that the response of this ecosystem to the combined effects of fire, N, and herbivory would depend on the ability of pine and other species to invade and the magnitude of their response to the different disturbance factors: warm-season grasses increase with and encourage fire, resist herbivores, and inhibit woody plant invasion (Davis et al. 1998, Inouye et al. 1994); cool-season plants are favored by N deposition (Tilman 1987) but are fire-intolerant and palatable to herbivores; legumes tolerate fire but decrease with herbivory and N deposition; and finally, woody plants are fire-intolerant and may be more susceptible to herbivory. We are measuring treatment effects on composition and diversity of plants and consumers (insects, small mammals, lizards) as well as plant and soil C and N.
Plant species percent cover data: Effect of Burning patterns on Vegetation in the Fish Lake Burn Compartments
The purpose of this experiment is to see what effect burning patterns have on vegetation. The survey was conducted in 12 different compartments. These are Cedar Creek burn compartments 1(101), 1A(201), 3(103), 4(104), 5(105), 7(107), 8(108), 9N(209), 9S(109), 10(110), 11(111) and 13(113). Four transects, 50 meters long and 25 meters apart, were established in each compartment. Six quadrats were marked along each transect at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 meters. The quadrats are 1 meter by 0.5 meters. Sections were defined by dividing the transects in half and taking the area between transects. This creates six 25 meter by 25 meter sections.
Plant species percent cover data:Biodiversity: A field test of biofuel production and ground-water quality
Bioenergy could be an important part of the solution to the projected climate problems of the future, and in addition could provide auxiliary ecological services. The project described here aims to parameterize expected benefits of diverse prairie biofuel plantations for groundwater quality, and also to further evaluate its biofuel potential. This project, done in cooperation with the USGS, grows out of purely scientific discoveries in other Cedar Creek experiments. We know that diverse prairie systems are better able to retain inorganic nitrogen than monoculture systems (e.g., Dijkstra etal. 2007). However, nitrogen is just one pollutant of many being delivered to surface-water and ground-water from agricultural systems. There are a number of others including phosphorus, pesticides, and veterinary pharmaceuticals. This fact combined with the rising demand for corn grain ethanol could lead to further declines in the water quality of agricultural regions in the United States. Perennial vegetative buffers, in particular diverse prairies and/or hay (CRP), are proposed solutions. The vegetation in such buffers can be used for biofuel and simultaneously appear to be attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds through the unsaturated zone to groundwater. This 3-year cooperative USGS and UMN study will (1) examine the ability of prairies and hay (CRP) to attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds to ground-water (2) compare biofuel production of four cropping systems: diverse prairie, hay (CRP), corn grown with chemical fertilizer, and corn grown with a combination of manure and chemical fertilizer, (3) provide for future investigations into microbial antibiotic resistance and (4) provide a better understanding of the unsaturated zone hydrology and shallow groundwater recharge at Cedar Creek. The project will take place in the E120 field.
Plant species percent cover data: Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
SGS-LTER Effects of water and nitrogen additions on plant species density and cover in shortgrass ecosystems on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997-2011, ARS Study Number 143
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. The objective of this research is to evaluate the long-term response of shortgrass ecosystems to additional water and nitrogen inputs. An experiment was conducted during the IBP project (1970-1975) in which water and nitrogen were applied (Lauenroth et al. 1978, Dodd and Lauenroth 1979, Milchunas and Lauenroth 1995). While we gained an enormous increment in our knowledge about shortgrass ecosystems from this experiment it raised as many questions as it answered. One of the problems was that the treatments were very high levels of nitrogen (100-150kg/ha N) and water (600 mm/growing season) additions. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/85629.
Data from: Plant species richness and shrub cover attenuate drought effects on ecosystem functioning across Patagonian rangelands
Drought is an increasingly common phenomenon in drylands as a consequence of climate change. We used 311 sites across a broad range of environmental conditions in Patagonian rangelands to evaluate how drought severity and temperature (abiotic factors) and vegetation structure (biotic factors) modulate the impact of a drought event on the annual integral of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI-I), our surrogate of ecosystem functioning. We found that NDVI-I decreases were larger with both increasing drought severity and temperature. Plant species richness (SR) and shrub cover (SC) attenuated the effects of drought on NDVI-I. Grass cover did not affect the impacts of drought on NDVI-I. Our results suggest that warming and species loss, two important imprints of global environmental change, could increase the vulnerability of Patagonian ecosystems to drought. Therefore, maintaining SR through appropriate grazing management can attenuate the adverse effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning.
Data from: Congruent phylogeographic patterns of eight tree species in Atlantic Central Africa provide insights on the past dynamics of forest cover
Cycles of Quaternary climate change are assumed to be major drivers of African rainforest dynamics and evolution. However, most hypotheses on past vegetation dynamics relied on palaeobotanical records, an approach lacking spatial resolution, and on current patterns of species diversity and endemism, an approach confounding history and environmental determinism. In this context, a comparative phylogeographic study of rainforest species represents a complementary approach because Pleistocene climate fluctuations may have left interpretable signatures in the patterns of genetic diversity within species. Using 1274 plastid DNA sequences from eight tree species (Afrostyrax kamerunensis, A. lepidophyllus, Erythrophleum suaveolens, Greenwayodendron suaveolens, Milicia excelsa, Santiria trimera, Scorodophloeus zenkeri, Symphonia globulifera) sampled in 50 populations of Atlantic Central Africa (ACA), we averaged divergence across species to produce the first map of the region synthesizing genetic distinctiveness and standardized divergence within and among localities. Significant congruence in divergence was detected mostly among five of the eight species and was stronger in the northern ACA. This pattern is compatible with a scenario of past forest fragmentation and recolonization whereby forests from eastern Cameroon and north-eastern Gabon would have been more affected by past climate change than those of western Cameroon (where one or more refugia would have occurred). By contrast, southern ACA (Gabon) displayed low congruence among species that may reflect less drastic past forest fragmentation or a more complex history of vegetation changes. Finally, we also highlight the potential impact of current environmental barriers on spatial genetic structures.
FIGURE. Multiclavula caput-serpentis (KaiR699, holotype). a. Embankment covered by the thallus, with several groups of numerous basidiocarps (arrows). b. Thallus on soil, with a group of basidiocarps. c. Basidiocarps with different shapes, +/- lateral view. d. Basidiocarps from below-lateral. Bars a = 20 cm, b = 1 cm, c, d = 2 mm. Photos by K. Reschke. in New and interesting species of Agaricomycetes from Panama
FIGURE. Multiclavula caput-serpentis (KaiR699, holotype). a. Embankment covered by the thallus, with several groups of numerous basidiocarps (arrows). b. Thallus on soil, with a group of basidiocarps. c. Basidiocarps with different shapes, +/- lateral view. d. Basidiocarps from below-lateral. Bars a = 20 cm, b = 1 cm, c, d = 2 mm. Photos by K. Reschke.
Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males). in Muridae
Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males).
Otomys cheesmani previously was included in O.typus but shown to be a distinct spe-cies based on morphological and molecular grounds. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to two known lo-calities in NW Ethiopia, S ofLake Tana. Descriptive notes. Head-body 165-210 mm, tail 77-106 mm, ear 22-24 mm, hindfoot 28-31 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Cheesman's Vlei Rat has shaggy dark pelage and is larger than all other species of Otomys, except the Angolan Vlei Rat (O. anchietae). Fur of Cheesman's Vlei Rat is bright brown, with reddish shade above and pale yellowish gray below. Ears are blackish, and inner surfaces are covered with short rufous hairs. Forefeet and hindfeet are dark gray above. Tail is relatively short (49-3% of head-body length), blackish above and pale yellowish below but notappearing distinctly bicolored. Lower incisors with two deep grooves. M, has four laminae, and M" has eight or nine laminae. in Muridae
Otomys cheesmani previously was included in O.typus but shown to be a distinct spe-cies based on morphological and molecular grounds. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to two known lo-calities in NW Ethiopia, S ofLake Tana. Descriptive notes. Head-body 165-210 mm, tail 77-106 mm, ear 22-24 mm, hindfoot 28-31 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Cheesman's Vlei Rat has shaggy dark pelage and is larger than all other species of Otomys, except the Angolan Vlei Rat (O. anchietae). Fur of Cheesman's Vlei Rat is bright brown, with reddish shade above and pale yellowish gray below. Ears are blackish, and inner surfaces are covered with short rufous hairs. Forefeet and hindfeet are dark gray above. Tail is relatively short (49-3% of head-body length), blackish above and pale yellowish below but notappearing distinctly bicolored. Lower incisors with two deep grooves. M, has four laminae, and M" has eight or nine laminae.
Species cover of open savanna plant communities under different fire frequencies.
<p>Bare soil percentage, dead biomass, and species cover data of plant communities of open savanna under different fire frequency treatments (annual fire, biennial fire, and fire exclusion).</p>
The convex relationship between plant cover and biomass: implications for assessing species and community properties
<p>Datasets and R script for the article "The convex relationship between plant cover and biomass: implications for assessing species and community properties" in Journal of Vegetation Science. </p>
FIGURE 3. A–C. Saurauia avellana. A. Branchlets B. Flower C. Abaxial leaf surface covered with yellowish brown tomentum and lanceolate scales. D–F Saurauia elegans D. Branchlets E in Saurauia decolorata (Actinidiaceae), a new species from Mindanao, the Philippines
FIGURE 3. A–C. Saurauia avellana. A. Branchlets B. Flower C. Abaxial leaf surface covered with yellowish brown tomentum and lanceolate scales. D–F Saurauia elegans D. Branchlets E. Type specimen (H. Cumming 922) showing the paniculate inflorescence F. Branchlets and abaxial leaf surface covered with rusty-colored tomentum and bristle-like scales. Photos A–F by Pieter Pelser (Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines/PhytoImages) and E from JSTOR Global Plants.
FIGURE 3. A. Basidia, B. Basidiospores, C. Cheilocystidia, D. Pileus covering elements, E in A new species of Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from Punjab, Pakistan
FIGURE 3. A. Basidia, B. Basidiospores, C. Cheilocystidia, D. Pileus covering elements, E. Stipe covering elements. Scale bars: A–C = 5 µm, D, E = 20 µm. Drawings by: Aiman Izhar & Muhammad Asif
FIGURE 3 in Lepiota atrobrunneodisca (Agaricaceae, Agaricales), a new species with a hymeniform pileus covering from North China
FIGURE 3. Lepiota atrobrunneodisca (BJTC HSA 115, holotype). a. Basidiomes. b. Basidiospores. c Basidia. d Cheilocystidia. e Pileus covering. Scale bars: a = 10 mm; b = 2μm; c= 5μm; d, e = 10μm. Photos by: Li Fan.
FIGURE 2 in Lepiota atrobrunneodisca (Agaricaceae, Agaricales), a new species with a hymeniform pileus covering from North China
FIGURE 2. Phylogeny derived from Maximum Likelihood analysis of four combined loci (ITS-nrLSU-IGS-mtSSU) from the Lepiota species clustered in Cluster 1 in ITS-based tree (Fig. 1). Lepiota brunneosquamulosa sequences were used as outgroup. ML bootstrap support values (≥ 70 %) are shown above the nodes. New species and nodes with Bayesian posterior probabilities values (≥ 0.95) are in bold.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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