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Data from: Next-generation sampling: pairing genomics with herbarium specimens provides species-level signal in Solidago (Asteraceae)
Premise of the study: The ability to conduct species delimitation and phylogeny reconstruction with genomic data sets obtained exclusively from herbarium specimens would rapidly enhance our knowledge of large, taxonomically contentious plant genera. In this study, the utility of genotyping by sequencing is assessed in the notoriously difficult genus Solidago (Asteraceae) by attempting to obtain an informative single-nucleotide polymorphism data set from a set of specimens collected between 1970 and 2010. Methods: Reduced representation libraries were prepared and Illumina-sequenced from 95 Solidago herbarium specimen DNAs, and resulting reads were processed with the nonreference Universal Network-Enabled Analysis Kit (UNEAK) pipeline. Multidimensional clustering was used to assess the correspondence between genetic groups and morphologically defined species. Results: Library construction and sequencing were successful in 93 of 95 samples. The UNEAK pipeline identified 8470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and a filtered data set was analyzed for each of three Solidago subsections. Although results varied, clustering identified genomic groups that often corresponded to currently recognized species or groups of closely related species. Discussion: These results suggest that genotyping by sequencing is broadly applicable to DNAs obtained from herbarium specimens. The data obtained and their biological signal suggest that pairing genomics with large-scale herbarium sampling is a promising strategy in species-rich plant groups.
FIGURES 36 in A sympatric species pair: Spogostylum ocyale (Wiedemann, 1828) and S. griseipenne Macquart, 1850 (Diptera: Bombyliidae)
FIGURES 36. Genitalia of Spogostylum species. 3. S. ocyale (Wiedemann), phallosome. 4. S. griseipenne (Macquart), phallosome. 5. S. ocyale, bulb of spermatheca. 6. S. griseipenne, bulb of spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Another new, diminutive Rock Gecko (Cnemaspis Strauch) from Peninsular Malaysia and a discussion of resource partitioning in sympatric species pairs
FIGURE 3. Upper: Cnemaspis shahruli sp. nov. (ZRC 2.6903) from Pulau Jerejak, Penang (photo by M.A. Muin). Middle: ZRC 2.6904 from Sungai Sedim, Kedah (photo by M.A. Muin). Lower: ZRC 2.6905 from Pulau Pangkor, Perak (photo by J. van Rooijen).
FIGURE 9. A mated pair showing the normal H in A review of the Caribbean hamlets (Serranidae, Hypoplectrus) with description of two new species
FIGURE 9. A mated pair showing the normal H. unicolor spot pattern on the caudal peduncle (lower right) and an individual with the double spot (upper). This was a mating pair, Discovery Bay, Jamaica.
FIGURE 9. Paleanotus chrysos n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 9. Paleanotus chrysos n. sp. Micropic of female with large eggs (body starting to waste), mid-body notochaetael fan in part, NTM W.25641: North Direction Island, GBR.
FIGURE 8. Paleanotus chrysos n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 8. Paleanotus chrysos n. sp. A–E: NTM W.23688: Yonge Reef, GBR. A. Anterior end, dorsal view (paleal notochaetae omitted); B. Paleae, segment 2; C. Detail lateral paleae, spine and main paleae; D. Median paleae and medial main palea; E. Micropic, median palea; F–J: Neurochaetal types, NTM W.23203: North Direction Island, GBR; K. Micropic of midbody segment, SMNH 97309: New Caledonia; L. Detail of median paleae, medial-most main palea, NTM W.23190: Heron Island, GBR. Abbreviations: ca = caruncle, la = lateral paleae, me = median paleae. Scale bars: A = 200 µm, B–D, F–J, L= 30 µm.
FIGURE 6. Paleanotus silus n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 6. Paleanotus silus n. sp. A–D: NTM W.9309: Ashmore Reef, WA. A. Ovigerous female, detail of lateral paleae, subunit 1 palea; B. Micropic of median palea; C. Detail of medial main and median paleae; D. Mid-body segment (neurochaetae omitted); E. Male with sperm and oil globules, micropic of mid-body segment, NTM W.23731: Darwin, NT; F. Median paleae group, NTM W.24187: Thailand; G–L: NTM W.23731: Darwin, NT. G. Anterior end, ventral view; H–L: Neurochaetal types. Abbreviations: roman numerals I–IV = anterior segments 1–4; l.a. = lateral antenna, m.a. = median antenna, me = median paleae, mm = medial main paleae, p = palp, s = stylet, su 1 = sub-unit 1 palea. Scale bars: A, C = 30 µm, D, F = 100 µm, E = 250 µm, G = 70 µm, H–L = 10 µm.
FIGURE 5. Paleanotus latifolia n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 5. Paleanotus latifolia n. sp. A–H: NTM W.23710: Kimberley, WA. A. Male, notopodium; B. Main palea detail; C. Median palea detail; D–H: Neurochaetal types; I. Ovigerous female, micropic of notopodium, NTM W.25628: Kimberley, WA; J. Micropic, detail of median and medial main paleae, NTM W.13103: Darwin, NT; K. Main paleae detail, NTM W.13103: Darwin, NT. Abbreviations: e = egg, gl = gland, la = lateral paleae, ma = main paleae, me = median paleae, mm = medial main paleae, sp = sperm, su 1 = sub-unit 1 palea. Scale bars: A = 100 µm, B–H = 30 µm.
FIGURE 3. Paleanotus adornatus n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 3. Paleanotus adornatus n. sp. A–C: NTM W.23677: Lizard Island, GBR. A. Lateral group and main paleae; B. Micropic of main palea; C. Median and medial main paleae; D. Micropic of notopodium, NTM W.23660: Heron Island, GBR; E. Micropic of notopodium, AM W.7531: Dampier, WA. F–G: P. adornatus broad form. F. Micropic of notopodium and neuropodium, NTM W.25644: North Direction Island, GBR; G. Micropic of notopodium and neuropodium, SIO A3629: Indonesia, West Papua, Raja Ampat. Abbreviations: me = median paleae, mm = medial main paleae. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm.
FIGURE 1. A in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 1. A. Paleanotus generalized notochaetal fan; B. Main paleae sculptural detail. C–I: Comparative micropics of main palea in Paleanotus new species. C. Paleanotus inornatus n. sp., NTM W.23684; D. P. adornatus n. sp., NTM.W.23660; E. P. acquifolia n. sp., NTM W.23440; F. P. latifolia n. sp., NTM.W.23710; G. P. silus n. sp., NTM.W.23731; H. P. silopsis n. sp., NTM W.23186; I. P. chrysos n. sp., NTM.W.25641. Abbreviations: b.l = 'broken line'sculpture, c = cilia, gl = gland, h.s = horizontal striae, la = lateral paleae, ma = main paleae, me = median paleae, r.r = raised rib, su1= sub-unit 1 palea.
FIGURE 7. Paleanotus silopsis n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 7. Paleanotus silopsis n. sp. A. Micropic of anterior and mid-body section, dorsal view, SIO A3633: Indonesia, West Papua, Raja Ampat; B. Micropic of median paleae and medial main palea, NTM W.24186: High Rock, GBR; C. Lateral paleae group and neuropodium, SIO A3633: Indonesia, West Papua, Raja Ampat; D. Detail of median paleae group and medial main paleae, NTM W.24188: Philippines. Abbreviations: la = lateral paleae, me = median paleae, mm = medial main paleae. Scale bars: D = 30 µm.
FIGURE 2. Paleanotus inornatus n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 2. Paleanotus inornatus n. sp. A. Notopodium in part and neuropodium, NTM W.23684: MacGillivray Reef, GBR; B. Median paleae and medial main paleae, NTM W.25390: Day Reef, GBR; C–G: Neurochaetal types, NTM W.23684: MacGillivray Reef, GBR; H. Male, notopodium and neuropodium (neurochaetae omitted), NTM W.23726: Ningaloo Reef, WA; I. Ovigerous female, notopodium, CAS 185685: Philippines. Abbreviations: e = egg, gl = gland, la = lateral paleae, me = median paleae, sp = sperm. Scale bars: B = 30 µm, C–G = 10 µm, H = 100 µm.
FIGURE 4. Paleanotus aquifolia n in Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean
FIGURE 4. Paleanotus aquifolia n. sp. A–B: NTM W.23449: North Direction Island, GBR. A. Notopodium and neuropodium (neurochaetae omitted); B. Median and main paleae detail; C. Ovigerous female, notopodium, NTM W.23440: Martin Reef, GBR. D–H: Neurochaetal types. D. Superior; E. Mid-superior; F–G. Mid-group; H. Inferior group; I. Micropic, notopodium in part & neuropodium; NTM W.25843: Philippines. Abbreviations: c = cilia, e = egg, la = lateral paleae, me = median paleae, mm = medial main paleae, o. g = oil globules, sp = sperm, su 1 = sub-unit 1 palea. Scale bars: A = 200 µm, B = 30 µm, C =100 µm, D–H = 30 µm.
Pernambuco State, Brazil (MZSP 30975). Fig. 1: ventral, lateral & dorsal views; Fig. 2: apical view, V = varix, L = edge of outer lip. Figs. 3–4: paratype from the type lot (MZSP 122078). Fig. 3: ventral view; Fig. 4: apical view (varix not developed in this immature specimen). Figs. 5–6: shell surface SEM images of holotype (MZSP 30975). Fig. 5: image taken at 500x showing pattern of paired grooves separated by wider region; the thin line is parallel to the axis of shell. Fig. 6: a closer look showing pattern of punctae (1,000x). SEM images by Yolanda Villacampa and courtesy of the Smithsonian. in Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species
Pernambuco State, Brazil (MZSP 30975). Fig. 1: ventral, lateral & dorsal views; Fig. 2: apical view, V = varix, L = edge of outer lip. Figs. 3–4: paratype from the type lot (MZSP 122078). Fig. 3: ventral view; Fig. 4: apical view (varix not developed in this immature specimen). Figs. 5–6: shell surface SEM images of holotype (MZSP 30975). Fig. 5: image taken at 500x showing pattern of paired grooves separated by wider region; the thin line is parallel to the axis of shell. Fig. 6: a closer look showing pattern of punctae (1,000x). SEM images by Yolanda Villacampa and courtesy of the Smithsonian.
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. in Viverridae
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
FIGURES 226–233 in Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
FIGURES 226–233. Sphaeroteras carolina (Ashmead), sexual generation, female. 226–229, head: 226, frontal view, 227, dorsal view, 228, posterior view, 229, lateral view. 230, antenna. 231, forewing (not scaled to bar). 232–233, mesosoma: 232, dorsal view, 233, lateral view.
FIGURES 192–195 in Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
FIGURES 192–195. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation, female. 192, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 193– 195, mesosoma: 193, lateral view, 194–195, dorsal view.
FIGURES 183–191. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 183–186 in Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
FIGURES 183–191. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 183–186, head, female: 183, frontal view, 184, dorsal view, 185, lateral view, 186, posterior view. 187, antenna, female, part. 188–190, head, male: 188, frontal view, 189, dorsal view, 190, lateral view. 191, antenna, male.
FIGURES 172–176 in Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
FIGURES 172–176. Neuroterus niger Gillette, sexual generation, female. 172, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view. 173, mesosoma, lateral view. 174, mesosoma, dorsal view. 175, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 176, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.
FIGURES 200–202. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 200–201 in Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)
FIGURES 200–202. Philonix fulvicollis Fitch, sexual generation. 200–201, metasoma, female: 200, lateral view, 201, ventral view. 202, metasoma, male, lateral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.