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201 results for “Spodoptera”
Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Spodoptera Frugi-perda Reveals Stage-Specific Gene Expression and P450-Mediated Adaptation Mechanisms
<p><em><span>Spodoptera frugiperda</span></em><span> is a highly adaptable agricultural pest with a complex life cycle, posing significant challenges to pest control. This study conducted a transcriptomic analysis across nine developmental stages, identifying 6,834 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 3,072 stage-specific genes (SSGs) critical for their development and adaptability. Significant gene expression shifts were observed during the transition from late larval stages to adulthood. Notably, a high number of SSGs in 6th instar larvae and adult males were enriched in pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and neural signaling, indicating high metabolic and reproductive demands. Widely shared DEGs associated with ecdysone signaling and detoxification processes underscore robust adaptation mechanisms.</span></p>
Voltinism and life-history traits of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on corn
<p>Voltinism and life-history traits of the invasive fall armyworm (FAW) <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> were investigated under semi-natural conditions for a period of two years. The FAW invaded the corn field in the suburbs of Nanchang (28° 46′ N, 115° 50′ E) in early summer and produced six complete generations. The FAW had the characteristics of short developmental time, high survival rates and strong fecundity. The development time of female pupae was significantly faster than that of male pupae, resulting in the emergence of female pupae earlier than male pupae. Except for the sixth generation in 2021, there was no significant difference between female and male sex ratio, which was close to 1:1. The FAW showed male-bias sexual size dimorphism with male pupae being significantly larger than female pupae. Unlike pupal weight, in most generations, male adult weighed significantly less than females, because the weight loss of male pupae during metamorphosis was significantly greater than that of female pupae. The seasonal variation of pupal weight did not conform to the temperature–size rule. Compared with 22.8 °C, the 29.2 °C high temperature not only significantly reduced the development time of larvae but also significantly increased pupal weight. The adult fecundity feeding on fresh corn leaves was higher than that feeding on live corn plants in most generations. In most generations, pupal weight was positively correlated with larval development time and adult weight was positively correlated with fecundity. These results add to the understanding of the evolution of life-history traits in the FAW and may have important implications for predicting population dynamics of the FAW and optimizing control strategies.</p>
SlGSTE8 in Spodoptera litura participated in the resistance to phoxim and chlorpyrifos
<p class="MsoNormal">Glutathione <em><span>S</span></em>-transferases (GSTs) were reported to participate in insecticides resistance by metabolic and antioxidant activities.<em><span> </span></em>In our previous study, an ε class gene of GSTs, <em><span>SlGSTe8</span></em> in <em><span>Spodoptera litura,</span></em> was screened out to be upregulated in a population resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates. <em><span>SlGSTe8 </span></em>was highly expressed in the larvae stage, and the digestive tissue, foregut, midgut and hindgut. While the relative expression level was low in the pupae stage and other tissues. To further explore its role in the resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates, the metabolic activity to insecticides by its recombinant protein was determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography, and its antioxidant enzyme activity was evaluated by disc diffusion assay. The recombinant protein showed significantly metabolic activity to phoxim and chlorpyrifos, but not to fenvalerate, cyhalothrin or β-cypermethrin. After incubation, the depletion rate of chlorpyrifos is 85.3%, higher than that of phoxim (17.5%). Also, the inhibition zone around filter discs decreased significantly after exposure to cumene hydroperoxide in recombinant plasmid than vector only, suggesting significant antioxidant activity of SlGSTE8. Further modeling and docking analysis indicated that the 3D structure of SlGSTE8 were well shaped for phoxim and chlorpyrifos, with the binding energy -5.58 and -5.15 kcal/mol, respectively. Our work provides evidence that <em><span>SlGSTe8</span></em> in <em><span>S. litura</span></em> plays important roles in phoxim and chlorpyrifos resistance.</p>
Fitness and cold tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda fed on corn and two winter crops (Original data)
<p>草地贪夜蛾(FAW)草<em>地</em>贪夜蛾是一种主要的迁徙和多噬性害虫。FAW的越冬、迁徙和定植性状与植被和寄主适应性密切相关。在这项研究中,我们调查了春夏作物(玉米)和两种冬季作物(卷心菜,<em>芸苔</em>属和油菜,油菜,油菜)的产卵偏好,喂养<em>偏好,适应性</em>和耐寒性。结果表明,FAW可以通过喂食卷心菜和油菜来完成其生命周期,尽管健康状况不如玉米。以卷心菜为食的FAW存活率、雌蛹质量和宿主适宜性指数高于油菜,幼虫更喜欢以油菜叶为食,雌性更喜欢在油菜植株上产卵。此外,与玉米和油菜相比,以卷心菜为食的FAW幼虫从寒晕中恢复的时间最短,表明以卷心菜为食可提高FAW幼虫的耐寒性。因此,卷心菜可能是FAW的理想宿主,需要在冬季生存和繁殖。研究结果提高了我们对FAW寄主选择和适应的理解,为预测FAW冬季繁殖区奠定了基础。</p>
Population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns of Spodoptera exigua in northern China based on 11 years of monitoring data
<p>The beet armyworm, <em>Spodoptera exigua </em>(Hübner) is an important migratory pest worldwide that has caused serious economic losses in the main crop-producing areas of China. To effectively monitor and control this pest, it is necessary to investigate its interannual and seasonal migration patterns in northern China. In this study, we weekly monitored the population dynamics of <em>S. exigua</em> using sex pheromone traps in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2022 and simulated the migration trajectories using the HYSPLIT model. Overall, the migration numbers varied significantly among years, with large migrations in 2018 and 2020 that resulted in a total catch of more than 2000 individuals. </p>
Analysis of the occurrence of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the winter season on the southwestern islands of Japan using the insect’s strontium radiogenic isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr)
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SlGSTE8 in Spodoptera litura participated in the resistance to phoxim and chlorpyrifos
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Genetic diversity and population genetic structure from different host populations of <em>Spodoptera litura</em> based on microsatellite markers
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Data from: UDP-glycosyltransferases act as key determinants of host plant range in generalist and specialist Spodoptera species
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The potential of using different legume species in a push-pull approach to manage Spodoptera frugiperda in maize in China
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Sublethal effects of Voliam Flexi on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Insights from Life Table Theory
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FIGURE 1 in First record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in Viet Nam
FIGURE 1. Characteristic feeding damage of Spodoptera frugiperda on young maize plants in northern Viet Nam
FIGURE 3 in First record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in Viet Nam
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene of S. frugiperda on maize in various locations in Viet Nam. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-1501,3576) is shown. The evolutionary history was inferred using maximum likelihood based on the Kimura 2-parameter model of evolution (Kimura, 1980). The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Mythimna separata MH900454 was used as the outgroup.
FIGURE 2 in First record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in Viet Nam
FIGURE 2. Photographs of Spodoptera frugiperda: (A) egg mass; (B) full grown larva; (C) pupae; (D) adult male; (E) adult female; (F) male genitalia; (G) part of male genitalia valve showing clavus and costal process; (H) female genitalia.
Data from: A Z-linked sterility locus causes sexual abstinence in hybrid females and facilitates speciation in Spodoptera frugiperda
In the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), two sympatric strains have been recognized that have been termed corn strain (C) and rice strain (R), referring to their most common host plants. Both strains are reproductively isolated via a distinct prezygotic barrier as well as via an intriguing postzygotic phenomenon: when R females have mated with C males, the resulting RC hybrid females exhibit dramatically reduced fertility independent of their mating partner. Here we demonstrate that the reduced fertility is caused by the fact that these females refrain from mating, i.e. females are behaviorally sterile. We identified a Z-chromosomally linked sterility locus that is most likely incompatible with yet-to-be-identified autosomal (or cytoplasmic) factors leading to the observed sexual abstinence. Within-chromosome mapping revealed the sterility locus to be located in an area of strongly reduced inter-strain recombination.
Cold storage of Spodoptera litura eggs and Telenomus remus adults for improving mass-rearing efficiency
<p>This is the raw data of the performance of <em>Telenomus remus</em> adults after refrigeration and the its parasitism capacity on stored <em>Spodoptera litura</em> eggs.</p>
Gut bacterial community structure shifts in successive generations of Spodoptera exigua under short-term thermal stress
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Long-term studies that advance our mechanistic understanding of gut bacterial symbionts of insect hosts in response to the successive generations of short-term thermal stress are lacking. The beet armyworm, <em>Spodoptera exigua</em> </span><span>is a notorious agricultural pest worldwide</span><span> and has often experienced stressful temperature fluctuations in field environments. In this study, 1,795,224 reads and 2,565 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in 23 gut samples of<em> S. exigua</em> fed for five successive generations<em> </em>using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Overall, we identified 618 bacterial genera from 30 phyla, and Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla. <a name="_Hlk98529962"></a><a name="_Hlk98688137"></a><span>Alpha-diversity </span><span>of gut microbiome revealed significant differences among these generation </span>treatment groups<em>.</em> We detected the highest bacterial richness and alpha diversity in the fifth generation and the lowest in the first generation under short-term thermal stress.<a name="_Hlk98529975"></a> Beta diversity indicated that the gut microbial community structure of <em>S. exigua</em> in the first generation was significantly different from that of other generations. Finally,<a name="_Hlk98576503"></a> </span><span><span>PICRUSt </span></span><span><span>analysis showed that </span></span><span>most functional prediction categories</span><span> were </span><span>related to</span><span> RNA processing and modification</span><span>.</span><span> Our findings represent the first investigation of the successive generations of short-term thermal stress that can affect the microbial communities associated with lepidopteran insects and broaden our understanding of the ecological adaptation of this species.</span></p>
FIGS 64–73. Megaselia species B. female. 64 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 64–73. Megaselia species B. female. 64, frons and postpedicels; 65, palps and proboscis; 66, side of thorax; 67, abdomen; 68, tergite 6 to cerci; 69, Dufour's crop mechanism; 70, front tarsus; 71, mid tibia and tarsal segments 1 and 2; 72, hind femur; 73, wing.
FIGS 27–37 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 27–37. Megaselia noctuidpasco sp. n. male. 27, frons; 28, postpedicels; 29, a palp and proboscis; 30, side of thorax; 31, abdomen; 32-33, hypopygium; 34, front tarsus (the base of basitarsus is missing); 35, Mid tibia; 36, hind femur and tibia; 37, wing.
FIGS 51–63. Megaselia species A. female. 51 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 51–63. Megaselia species A. female. 51, frons; 52, postpedicel; 53, palp and proboscis; 54, side of thorax; 55, abdomen; 56, tergite 6; 57, tergite 7 to cerci; 58, sternite 7; 59, Dufour's crop mechanism; 60, front tarsus; 62, mid tibia; 63, hind femur. 63, wing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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