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540 results for “Transgenerational”
Data from: Transgenerational effects of mild heat in Arabidopsis thaliana show strong genotype specificity that is explained by climate at origin
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Data from: Transgenerational and within-generation plasticity in response to climate change: insights from a manipulative field experiment across an elevational gradient
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Data from: Shaped by the past, acting in the present: transgenerational plasticity of anti-predatory traits
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Data from: Maternal corticosterone exposure has transgenerational effects on grand-offspring
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Data from: Long antibody persistence and transgenerational transfer of immunity in a long-lived vertebrate
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Thermal transgenerational effects remain after two generations
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Transgenerational inheritance of learned preferences for novel host plant odors in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
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Data from : Environmental predictability drives adaptive within- and transgenerational plasticity of heat tolerance across life stages and climatic regions
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Data from: Transgenerational plasticity responses of oysters to ocean acidification differ with habitat
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Data from: Increased transgenerational epigenetic variation, but not predictable epigenetic variants, after environmental exposure in two apomictic dandelion lineages
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Transcriptomics Reveal Specific Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Transgenerational Immunity in Manduca sexta
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Transgenerational plasticity of dispersal-related traits in a ciliate: genotype-dependency and fitness consequences
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Data from: Genetic variability and transgenerational regulation of investment in sex in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus plicatilis
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Prenatal androgen exposure causes a sexually dimorphic transgenerational increase in offspring susceptibility to anxiety disorders
<p class="MsoBodyTextIndent">If and how obesity and elevated androgens in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect their offspring's psychiatric health is unclear. Using data from Swedish population health registers, we showed that daughters of mothers with PCOS have a 78% increased risk of being diagnosed with anxiety disorders. We next generated a PCOS-like mouse (F<sub>0</sub>) model induced by androgen exposure during late gestation, with or without diet-induced maternal obesity, and showed that the first generation (F<sub>1</sub>) female offspring develop anxiety-like behavior, which is transgenerationally transmitted through the female germline into the third generation of female offspring (F<sub>3</sub>) in the androgenized lineage. In contrast, following the male germline, F<sub>3</sub> male offspring (mF<sub>3</sub>) displayed anxiety-like behavior in the androgenized and the obese lineages. Using a targeted approach to search for molecular targets within the amygdala, we identified five differentially expressed genes involved in anxiety-like behavior in F<sub>3</sub> females in the androgenized lineage and eight genes in the obese lineage. In mF<sub>3</sub> male offspring, three genes were dysregulated in the obese lineage but none in the androgenized lineage. Finally, we performed <i>in vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) using a PCOS mouse model of continuous androgen exposure. We showed that the IVF generated F<sub>1</sub> and F<sub>2</sub> offspring in the female germline did not develop anxiety-like behavior, while the F<sub>2</sub> male offspring (mF<sub>2</sub>) in the male germline did. Our findings provide evidence that elevated maternal androgens in PCOS and maternal obesity may underlie the risk of a transgenerational transmission of anxiety disorders in children of women with PCOS.</p>
Data from: Transgenerational effects of maternal sexual interactions in seed beetles
Mating bears large costs to females, especially in species with high levels of sexual conflict over mating rates. Given the direct costs to females associated with multiple mating, which include reductions in lifespan and lifetime reproductive success, past research focused on identifying potential indirect benefits (through increases in offspring fitness) that females may accrue. Far less attention has been given to understanding how costs of sexual interactions to females may span across generations. Hence, little is known about the transgenerational implications of variation in mating rates, and net consequences of maternal sexual activities across generations. Using the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, a model system for the study of sexual conflict, we look at the effects of mating with multiple males versus a single male, and tease apart effects due to sexual harassment and those due to mating per se, over three generations. We show that across generations, harassed females suffer a severe decline in fitness compared to non-harassed females, while multiply mated females showed no difference in net fitness compared to singly mated females. Overall, it appears that the transgenerational benefits of multiple mating counteract but do not exceed the direct costs of harassment. Our study highlights the importance of examining transgenerational effects from an inclusive (looking at both indirect benefits but also costs) perspective, and the need to investigate transgenerational effects across several generations if we are to fully understand the consequences of sexual interactions, sexual conflict evolution, and the interplay of sexual conflict and multi-generational costs and benefits.
Data from: Transgenerational effects and the cost of ant tending in aphids
In mutualistic interactions, partners obtain a net benefit, but there may also be costs associated with the provision of benefits for a partner. The question of whether aphids suffer such costs when attended by ants has been raised in previous work. Transgenerational effects, where offspring phenotypes are adjusted based on maternal influences, could be important in the mutualistic interaction between aphids and ants, in particular because aphids have telescoping generations where two offspring generations can be present in a mature aphid. We investigated the immediate and transgenerational influence of ant tending on aphid life history and reproduction by observing the interaction between the facultative myrmecophile Aphis fabae and the ant Lasius niger over 13 aphid generations in the laboratory. We found that the effect of ant tending changes dynamically over successive aphid generations after the start of tending. Initially, total aphid colony weight, aphid adult weight and aphid embryo size decreased compared with untended aphids, consistent with a cost of ant association, but these differences disappeared within four generations of interaction. We conclude that transgenerational effects are important in the aphid–ant interactions and that the costs for aphids of being tended by ants can vary over generations.
Data from: Local adaptation in transgenerational responses to predators
Environmental signals can induce phenotypic changes that span multiple generations. Along with phenotypic responses that occur during development (i.e., 'within-generation' plasticity), such 'transgenerational plasticity' (TGP) has been documented in a diverse array of taxa spanning many environmental perturbations. New theory predicts that temporal stability is a key driver of the evolution of TGP. We tested this prediction using natural populations of zooplankton from lakes in Connecticut that span a large gradient in the temporal dynamics of predator-induced mortality. We reared >120 clones of Daphnia ambigua from 9 lakes for multiple generations in the presence/absence of predator cues. We found that temporal variation in mortality selects for within-generation plasticity while consistently strong (or weak) mortality selects for increased transgenerational plasticity. Such results provide the first evidence for local adaptation in TGP and argue that divergent ecological conditions select for phenotypic responses within and across generations.
Data from: Maternal pathogen exposure causes diet- and pathogen-specific transgenerational costs
Transgenerational effects, whereby the environment experienced by a parent leads to an altered offspring phenotype, have now been described in a variety of taxa. In invertebrates, much of the research on these effects has concentrated on the role of parental exposure to pathogens or immune elicitors in determining offspring immune investment or disease resistance. To date, however, studies of transgenerational effects in invertebrates have generally been restricted to single infections or immune elicitors in ideal laboratory environments. Animals in field situations will commonly experience sub-optimal environments and co-infection by multiple species of parasites and pathogens, leading to increased relative costs of immune investment and changing fitness benefits from offspring responses to the parental environment. Here we investigate a more ecologically realistic scenario involving both multiple infections and resource limitation, using the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella as a model host, challenged with the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and fungus Beauveria bassiana. Mothers were exposed to low doses of one or both pathogens, or a control. Offspring from each family were reared on either good- or poor-quality food and then exposed to one or both pathogens. Maternal exposure to pathogens led to reduced pathogen resistance in offspring, depending on the combination of maternal and offspring pathogen-specific infections and resource limitation in the offspring generation. Much research to date has focussed on trans-generational immune priming, in which parental exposure to pathogens or immune elicitors leads to upregulated immune reactivity in their offspring. The lack of any such effects in our system suggests that the production of less resistant offspring following parental exposure to pathogens might be an important alternative, driven by costs of resistance rather than adaptive benefits.
Data from: Effects of multi-generational stress exposure and offspring environment on the expression and persistence of transgenerational effects in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant phenotypes can be affected by environments experienced by their parents. Parental environmental effects are reported for the first offspring generation and some studies showed persisting environmental effects in second and further offspring generations. However, the expression of these transgenerational effects proved context-dependent and their reproducibility can be low. Here we study the context-dependency of transgenerational effects by evaluating parental and transgenerational effects under a range of parental induction and offspring evaluation conditions. We systematically evaluated two factors that can influence the expression of transgenerational effects: single- versus multiple-generation exposure and offspring environment. For this purpose, we exposed a single homozygous Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 line to salt stress for up to three generations and evaluated offspring performance under control and salt conditions in a climate chamber and in a natural environment. Parental as well as transgenerational effects were observed in almost all traits and all environments and traced back as far as great-grandparental environments. The length of exposure exerted strong effects; multiple-generation exposure often reduced the expression of the parental effect compared to single-generation exposure. Furthermore, the expression of transgenerational effects strongly depended on offspring environment for rosette diameter and flowering time, with opposite effects observed in field and greenhouse evaluation environments. Our results provide important new insights into the occurrence of transgenerational effects and contribute to a better understanding of the context-dependency of these effects.
Data from: Experimental heatwaves compromise sperm function and cause transgenerational damage in a model insect
Climate change is affecting biodiversity, but proximate drivers remain poorly understood. Here, we examine how experimental heatwaves impact on reproduction in an insect system. Male sensitivity to heat is recognised in endotherms, but ectotherms have received limited attention, despite comprising most of biodiversity and being more influenced by temperature variation. Using a flour beetle model system, we find that heatwave conditions (5 to 7 °C above optimum for 5 days) damaged male, but not female, reproduction. Heatwaves reduce male fertility and sperm competitiveness, and successive heatwaves almost sterilise males. Heatwaves reduce sperm production, viability, and migration through the female. Inseminated sperm in female storage are also damaged by heatwaves. Finally, we discover transgenerational impacts, with reduced reproductive potential and lifespan of offspring when fathered by males, or sperm, that had experienced heatwaves. This male reproductive damage under heatwave conditions provides one potential driver behind biodiversity declines and contractions through global warming.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.