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FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1929 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from tributaries of the lower Amazon basin in Brazil

FIGURE 5. Leporinus torrenticola: (a) LIA uncatalogued, 36.3 mm SL, rio Xingu near Altamira; (b) MNRJ 34071, 92.9 mm SL, holotype, rio Curuá, Xingu river basin; (c) INPA 31011, 89.3 mm SL, rio Xingu at Cachoeira do Espelho, basin. Scale bars 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1929 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from tributaries of the lower Amazon basin in Brazil

FIGURE 2. Leporinus multimaculatus: (a) MZUSP 91809, 72.5 mm SL, rio Culuene, rio Xingu basin (photo by Leandro Sousa); (b) MZUSP 114360, 63.9 mm SL, rio Muquem, rio Tocantins basin; (c) MZUSP 103467, 85.5 mm SL, rio Jari. Scale bars 10 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Two new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1929 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from tributaries of the lower Amazon basin in Brazil

FIGURE 8. Leporinus torrenticola: (a) INPA 40082, 63.5 mm SL, rio Xingu, above mouth of rio Iriri; (b) MZUSP 110624, 120.0 mm SL, rio Iriri, rio Xingu basin (photo by Mark Sabaj Pérez). Scale bars 10 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1929 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from tributaries of the lower Amazon basin in Brazil

FIGURE 1. Leporinus multimaculatus: (a) MZUSP 89940, 29.3 mm SL, rio Culuene, rio Xingu basin; (b) MCP 15921, 80.2 mm SL, rio do Peixe, rio Tocantins basin; (c) MNRJ 34080, 1, 92.6 mm SL, tributary of rio Fresco, rio Xingu basin; (d) MZUSP 119000, 87.4 mm SL, holotype, tributary of rio das Mortes, rio Araguaia basin. Scale bars 10 mm.

FIGURE 6. Leporinus torrenticola, MNRJ 34071, 92.9 in Two new species of Leporinus Agassiz, 1929 (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from tributaries of the lower Amazon basin in Brazil

FIGURE 6. Leporinus torrenticola, MNRJ 34071, 92.9 mm SL, rio Curuá, rio Xingu basin; holotype photographed live at the type locality.

Distribution. Amazonian Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, W of the rios Tapajos-Teles Pires to the Rio Ucayali in NE Peru (where it is replaced by A. belzebuth on the left bank of the lower Ucayali); it crosses the middle Ucayali S of the Rio Cushabatay (a left bank tributary of the Ucayali), extending to the interfluvium of the rios Ucayali and Huallaga, then S along the Cordillera Oriental, and into N & C Bolivia S to ¢.17° S, and from there, NE through Noel Kempff Mercado National Park. in Atelidae

Distribution. Amazonian Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, W of the rios Tapajos-Teles Pires to the Rio Ucayali in NE Peru (where it is replaced by A. belzebuth on the left bank of the lower Ucayali); it crosses the middle Ucayali S of the Rio Cushabatay (a left bank tributary of the Ucayali), extending to the interfluvium of the rios Ucayali and Huallaga, then S along the Cordillera Oriental, and into N & C Bolivia S to ¢.17° S, and from there, NE through Noel Kempff Mercado National Park.

Subspecies and Distribution. A. s. seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 — Colombia wherever there is forest (except along the Pacific coast and in the desert of the Guajira Peninsula in the far N), NW Venezuela (around Lake Maracaibo), Amazonian Brazil (N of the Solimoes and S of the Rio Negro), E Ecuador and E Peru (E of the Andes, E of the Rio Huallaga, to the upper rios Maranon, Napo, and Putumayo). A. s. juara Elliot, 1910 = W Amazonian Brazil S of the Solimoes, extending W into Amazonian Peru, in the Jurua Basin and, considering the form amazonica to be a synonym, extending across the Rio Solimoes to the interfluvium of the rios Japura and Negro; the W limit defining its distribution is not known. A. s. puruensis Lonnberg, 1941 — Brazilian Amazon, from the Rio Jurua Basin E to the lower Rio Madeira and the middle Rio Aripuana, it extends E across the upper Aripuana to the Rio Teles Pires, to the S is restricted to the N of the Rio Abuna, a left bank tributary of the Rio Madeira that extends along the N border of Bolivia; its occurrence is uncertain in the N of Rondonia State, S of the Rio Ji-parana, although it occurs in S Rondonia, to the Rio Mamoré-Guaporé, in the Serra da Pacaas Novos, and E through the Serra dos Parecis to the Rio Teles Pires. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. s. seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 — Colombia wherever there is forest (except along the Pacific coast and in the desert of the Guajira Peninsula in the far N), NW Venezuela (around Lake Maracaibo), Amazonian Brazil (N of the Solimoes and S of the Rio Negro), E Ecuador and E Peru (E of the Andes, E of the Rio Huallaga, to the upper rios Maranon, Napo, and Putumayo). A. s. juara Elliot, 1910 = W Amazonian Brazil S of the Solimoes, extending W into Amazonian Peru, in the Jurua Basin and, considering the form amazonica to be a synonym, extending across the Rio Solimoes to the interfluvium of the rios Japura and Negro; the W limit defining its distribution is not known. A. s. puruensis Lonnberg, 1941 — Brazilian Amazon, from the Rio Jurua Basin E to the lower Rio Madeira and the middle Rio Aripuana, it extends E across the upper Aripuana to the Rio Teles Pires, to the S is restricted to the N of the Rio Abuna, a left bank tributary of the Rio Madeira that extends along the N border of Bolivia; its occurrence is uncertain in the N of Rondonia State, S of the Rio Ji-parana, although it occurs in S Rondonia, to the Rio Mamoré-Guaporé, in the Serra da Pacaas Novos, and E through the Serra dos Parecis to the Rio Teles Pires.

Distribution. Not well known, but includes S Venezuela (upper Orinoco Basin, limited by the Llanos/forest interface to the W and by the left bank of the Rio Caura in the E), NW Brazil (N of the Rio Solimoes as far as the mouth of the Rio Japura, E to the Rio Negro, throughout the region N of the Rio Negro and W of the Rio Branco in Amazonas and Roraimastates), E Colombia (in the piedmont of the Cordillera Oriental as far N as the Rio Upia drainage in Boyaca Department, including the region of Sierra de la Macarena, E Meta Department, and S to the Coehmani rapids of the Rio Caqueta in the SE of Caqueta Department; it is rare W of the Rio Yari and has been seen on the upper Rio Mesay, opposite the mouth of the Rio Pira-Parana on the right bank of the Rio Apaporis, and the lower right bank of the Apaporis), E Ecuador and NE Peru (restricted to the S of the Rio Napo, extending into N Peru between the rios Putumayo and Amazonas, along the left bank of the Rio Ucayali, and including the basins of the rios Napo, Tigre, Maranén, Pastaza, Pacaya, and Samiria, S as far as the Rio Cushabatay, a tributary of the Rio Ucayali). in Atelidae

Distribution. Not well known, but includes S Venezuela (upper Orinoco Basin, limited by the Llanos/forest interface to the W and by the left bank of the Rio Caura in the E), NW Brazil (N of the Rio Solimoes as far as the mouth of the Rio Japura, E to the Rio Negro, throughout the region N of the Rio Negro and W of the Rio Branco in Amazonas and Roraimastates), E Colombia (in the piedmont of the Cordillera Oriental as far N as the Rio Upia drainage in Boyaca Department, including the region of Sierra de la Macarena, E Meta Department, and S to the Coehmani rapids of the Rio Caqueta in the SE of Caqueta Department; it is rare W of the Rio Yari and has been seen on the upper Rio Mesay, opposite the mouth of the Rio Pira-Parana on the right bank of the Rio Apaporis, and the lower right bank of the Apaporis), E Ecuador and NE Peru (restricted to the S of the Rio Napo, extending into N Peru between the rios Putumayo and Amazonas, along the left bank of the Rio Ucayali, and including the basins of the rios Napo, Tigre, Maranén, Pastaza, Pacaya, and Samiria, S as far as the Rio Cushabatay, a tributary of the Rio Ucayali).

Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. cana E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 — Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, between the rios Jurua and Tapajos-Juruena, but restricted to the left bank of the Rio Madeira above the mouth of the Rio Jiparana (a right bank tributary), and to the right bank of the Rio Jiparana, S to ¢.12° S, and W along the N (left bank) of the Rio Abuna on the upper Rio Madeira. L. c. tschudii Pucheran, 1857 — SE Peru, its range is poorly known butis believed to extend between the rios Pachitea and Ucayali, S from the Rio Inuya, W as far as the Rio Inambari, and S to both sides of the Rio Madre de Dios into the Rio Tambopata Basin, to the frontier with Bolivia, with an isolated population in Madidi National Park. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. cana E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 — Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, between the rios Jurua and Tapajos-Juruena, but restricted to the left bank of the Rio Madeira above the mouth of the Rio Jiparana (a right bank tributary), and to the right bank of the Rio Jiparana, S to ¢.12° S, and W along the N (left bank) of the Rio Abuna on the upper Rio Madeira. L. c. tschudii Pucheran, 1857 — SE Peru, its range is poorly known butis believed to extend between the rios Pachitea and Ucayali, S from the Rio Inuya, W as far as the Rio Inambari, and S to both sides of the Rio Madre de Dios into the Rio Tambopata Basin, to the frontier with Bolivia, with an isolated population in Madidi National Park.

Distribution. NE Brazil (states of Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, N Bahia & possibly NE Tocantins), originally extending S as far as the Rio Sao Francisco and its W bank tributary the Rio Grande (c.11° 30" S), in the NW in Maranhao and Piaui extending to the left bank of the Rio Parnaiba, probably as far as the interfluvium of the rios Itapecurt and Mearim. Introduced in numerous other regions S of the Rio Sao Francisco, Sergipe State, the N & NE of Bahia, and the more humid Atlantic Forest on the coast of the states of Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina in SE Brazil. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. NE Brazil (states of Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, N Bahia & possibly NE Tocantins), originally extending S as far as the Rio Sao Francisco and its W bank tributary the Rio Grande (c.11° 30" S), in the NW in Maranhao and Piaui extending to the left bank of the Rio Parnaiba, probably as far as the interfluvium of the rios Itapecurt and Mearim. Introduced in numerous other regions S of the Rio Sao Francisco, Sergipe State, the N & NE of Bahia, and the more humid Atlantic Forest on the coast of the states of Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina in SE Brazil.

Distribution. Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas between the Rio Maués and probably its tributary the Rio Parauari in the W, and the Rio Tapajos in the E; the S limit is not known but may be in the region of the Rio Parauari. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas between the Rio Maués and probably its tributary the Rio Parauari in the W, and the Rio Tapajos in the E; the S limit is not known but may be in the region of the Rio Parauari.

Distribution. NE Peru, between the rios Amazonas and Yavari, to the right bank of the rios Ucayali and Tapiche as far as the Rio Blanco (upstream of the Rio Ucayali along both sides of the river, to the S of the Rio Blanco, it is replaced by S. illigeri), but it appears again on the right bank of the Rio Ucayali at the headwaters of the Rio Tapiche, a left bank tributary of the Rio Blanco, probably extending E as far as the Rio Yavari, on the border with Brazil. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. NE Peru, between the rios Amazonas and Yavari, to the right bank of the rios Ucayali and Tapiche as far as the Rio Blanco (upstream of the Rio Ucayali along both sides of the river, to the S of the Rio Blanco, it is replaced by S. illigeri), but it appears again on the right bank of the Rio Ucayali at the headwaters of the Rio Tapiche, a left bank tributary of the Rio Blanco, probably extending E as far as the Rio Yavari, on the border with Brazil.

Distribution. SC Brazil in the states of Maranhao, Tocantins (E of the Rio Araguaia), SW tip of Piaui, Bahia (S of the rios Grande and Sao Francisco), Goias, Minas Gerais, N of Sao Paulo (N of the rios Tieté and Piracicaba), and NE Mato Grosso do Sul (E of the Serra de Maracaju to the level of the rios Pardo or Taquaracu, and right bank tributaries of the Rio Parana). Along with the Common Marmoset (C. jacchus), it has been introduced to the more humid Atlantic Forest on the coast of the states of Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. SC Brazil in the states of Maranhao, Tocantins (E of the Rio Araguaia), SW tip of Piaui, Bahia (S of the rios Grande and Sao Francisco), Goias, Minas Gerais, N of Sao Paulo (N of the rios Tieté and Piracicaba), and NE Mato Grosso do Sul (E of the Serra de Maracaju to the level of the rios Pardo or Taquaracu, and right bank tributaries of the Rio Parana). Along with the Common Marmoset (C. jacchus), it has been introduced to the more humid Atlantic Forest on the coast of the states of Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catarina.

Distribution. Brazilian Amazon in the interfluvium of the rios Abacaxis (in the E) and Canuma-Sucunduri (in the W), right bank tributaries of the Rio Madeira. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. Brazilian Amazon in the interfluvium of the rios Abacaxis (in the E) and Canuma-Sucunduri (in the W), right bank tributaries of the Rio Madeira.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. w. weddelli Deville, 1849 — W Brazil (between the rios Purus and Madeira in the states of Amazonas, Acre, and NW Rondonia, as far N as the Rio Pixuna) to SE Peru (from the Rio Abujao, E tributary of the Rio Ucayali, to the S along both banks of the Rio Ucayali, E of the Andes, E of the Rio Apurimac, and along the upper reaches of the Apurimac, Inambari, Urubamba, and Tambopata), and to N Bolivia (rios Madeira and Beni or Mamoré); it crosses the upper Rio Madeira to its right bank in Rondonia in the region of the Rio Jamari, S of the Rio Ji-parana, being sympatric there with Rondon's Marmoset (Mico rondonz). S. w. crandalli Hershkovitz, 1966 — provenance unknown but possibly near the headwaters of the rios Jurua and Tarauaca in W Brazil. S. w. melanoleucus Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 — Brazilian Amazon, along the right bank of the upper Rio Jurua, S from the mouth of the Rio Eira, up to its headwaters, E to the left bank of the Rio Tarauaca (no saddle-back tamarins have been recorded to the E of the Rio Tarauaca in Acre State as far as the upper Rio Purus), in SE Peru from the upper reaches of the Rio Breu and the Quebrada Breu, right bank affluents of the upper Rio Yurua. in Callitrichiade

Subspecies and Distribution. S. w. weddelli Deville, 1849 — W Brazil (between the rios Purus and Madeira in the states of Amazonas, Acre, and NW Rondonia, as far N as the Rio Pixuna) to SE Peru (from the Rio Abujao, E tributary of the Rio Ucayali, to the S along both banks of the Rio Ucayali, E of the Andes, E of the Rio Apurimac, and along the upper reaches of the Apurimac, Inambari, Urubamba, and Tambopata), and to N Bolivia (rios Madeira and Beni or Mamoré); it crosses the upper Rio Madeira to its right bank in Rondonia in the region of the Rio Jamari, S of the Rio Ji-parana, being sympatric there with Rondon's Marmoset (Mico rondonz). S. w. crandalli Hershkovitz, 1966 — provenance unknown but possibly near the headwaters of the rios Jurua and Tarauaca in W Brazil. S. w. melanoleucus Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 — Brazilian Amazon, along the right bank of the upper Rio Jurua, S from the mouth of the Rio Eira, up to its headwaters, E to the left bank of the Rio Tarauaca (no saddle-back tamarins have been recorded to the E of the Rio Tarauaca in Acre State as far as the upper Rio Purus), in SE Peru from the upper reaches of the Rio Breu and the Quebrada Breu, right bank affluents of the upper Rio Yurua.

Distribution. NE Amazon in Brazil and the Guianas, in Guyana restricted to the right bank of the Essequibo River, and S and E of the Rupununi River, the Rio Negro and its tributary the Rio Branco are the W limit ofits distribution in Brazil; not recorded in Venezuela. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. NE Amazon in Brazil and the Guianas, in Guyana restricted to the right bank of the Essequibo River, and S and E of the Rupununi River, the Rio Negro and its tributary the Rio Branco are the W limit ofits distribution in Brazil; not recorded in Venezuela.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. J. fuscicollis Spix, 1823 — W Brazil (states of Acre & Amazonas) and Peru, S of the Rio Solimoes, between the Rio Javari in the W, E through the Rio Jutai Basin to the Rio Jurua (left bank), also in Peru, W of the Rio Yavari as far as the Rio Tapiche, an E tributary of the Rio Ucayali, and extending N from there as far as the Rio Blanco (left bank), where it meets the distribution of Geoffroy's Saddle-back Tamarin, S. nigrifrons (right bank of the Rio Blanco). S. f. auvilapiresi Hershkovitz, 1966 — W Brazil in the Amazonas State (type locality is the mouth of the Lago de Tefé, Rio Solimoes), found along the S of the Rio Solimoes between the rios Jurua and Purus, including the basins of the rios Urucu and Coari, and probably the Rio Tefé; the S limits are not known but possibly in the region of the N bank of the Rio Tapaua, an affluent of the Rio Purus. S. f. eruzlimai Hershkovitz, 1966 — W Brazil, described by Hershkovitz without provenance (based on a single individual "said to be from the upper Rio Purus"); M. G. M. van Roosmalen reported in 2003 that it had been observed by T. van Roosmalen on 21 June 2002, on the W bank of the Rio Purus, opposite the mouth of the Rio Sepatini, and noted that Hershkovitz was correct in supposing that it occurred between the rios Pauini and Tapaua, W of the Rio Purus. S. J. mura Rohe et al, 2009 — C Brazil (Amazonas State), interfluvium of the rios Madeira and Purus, S of the Rio Amazonas, probably S to the Rio Igapo-Acu. S. f. primitivus Hershkovitz, 1977 — W Brazil (Amazonas State), the distribution is believed to extend from the left bank of the Rio Pauini, along the left bank of the upper Rio Purus, N to the Rio Tapaua (right bank), as far W the right bank of the Rio Jurua, and the Rio Tarauaca. in Callitrichiade

Subspecies and Distribution. S. J. fuscicollis Spix, 1823 — W Brazil (states of Acre & Amazonas) and Peru, S of the Rio Solimoes, between the Rio Javari in the W, E through the Rio Jutai Basin to the Rio Jurua (left bank), also in Peru, W of the Rio Yavari as far as the Rio Tapiche, an E tributary of the Rio Ucayali, and extending N from there as far as the Rio Blanco (left bank), where it meets the distribution of Geoffroy's Saddle-back Tamarin, S. nigrifrons (right bank of the Rio Blanco). S. f. auvilapiresi Hershkovitz, 1966 — W Brazil in the Amazonas State (type locality is the mouth of the Lago de Tefé, Rio Solimoes), found along the S of the Rio Solimoes between the rios Jurua and Purus, including the basins of the rios Urucu and Coari, and probably the Rio Tefé; the S limits are not known but possibly in the region of the N bank of the Rio Tapaua, an affluent of the Rio Purus. S. f. eruzlimai Hershkovitz, 1966 — W Brazil, described by Hershkovitz without provenance (based on a single individual "said to be from the upper Rio Purus"); M. G. M. van Roosmalen reported in 2003 that it had been observed by T. van Roosmalen on 21 June 2002, on the W bank of the Rio Purus, opposite the mouth of the Rio Sepatini, and noted that Hershkovitz was correct in supposing that it occurred between the rios Pauini and Tapaua, W of the Rio Purus. S. J. mura Rohe et al, 2009 — C Brazil (Amazonas State), interfluvium of the rios Madeira and Purus, S of the Rio Amazonas, probably S to the Rio Igapo-Acu. S. f. primitivus Hershkovitz, 1977 — W Brazil (Amazonas State), the distribution is believed to extend from the left bank of the Rio Pauini, along the left bank of the upper Rio Purus, N to the Rio Tapaua (right bank), as far W the right bank of the Rio Jurua, and the Rio Tarauaca.

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Distribution. Bolivian lowlands (NE to the Chiquitano Mts and SW to the piedmont elevations in the subandean region) and SW Brazilian Amazon in the upper Madeira River, and the Beni, Ichilo, Marmoré, Ipurupuru, Iboré, Baré, Abuna, and Iténez (= Guaporé) rivers and their tributaries, all of which drain into the Madeira; recently also recorded below Santo Antonio falls between the cities of Porto Velho and Borba. in Iniidae

Distribution. Bolivian lowlands (NE to the Chiquitano Mts and SW to the piedmont elevations in the subandean region) and SW Brazilian Amazon in the upper Madeira River, and the Beni, Ichilo, Marmoré, Ipurupuru, Iboré, Baré, Abuna, and Iténez (= Guaporé) rivers and their tributaries, all of which drain into the Madeira; recently also recorded below Santo Antonio falls between the cities of Porto Velho and Borba.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.wrrorataGray,1842—Brazil(fromtheriosJurua-TarauacaEtotheriosTapajos-Juruena,andStotheRioGuaporé),NBolivia(NoftheRioMadredeDios),andSEPeru(fromtheupperRioPurus,WoftheRioUrubamba,andStotheRioTambopata);itdoesnotoccurbetweenthelowerPurusandtheRioJurua,thedomainoftheBuftySaki(P.albicans). P. i. vanzolinii Hershkovitz, 1987 — First described from Santa Cruz on the Rio Eiru (S tributary of the Rio Jurua), and believed to occur between the S (right) bank of the upper Rio Jurua and the S bank of the Rio Tarauaca in the SW of the Amazonas and Acre states, but there are very few documented locations. in Phitheciidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.wrrorataGray,1842—Brazil(fromtheriosJurua-TarauacaEtotheriosTapajos-Juruena,andStotheRioGuaporé),NBolivia(NoftheRioMadredeDios),andSEPeru(fromtheupperRioPurus,WoftheRioUrubamba,andStotheRioTambopata);itdoesnotoccurbetweenthelowerPurusandtheRioJurua,thedomainoftheBuftySaki(P.albicans). P. i. vanzolinii Hershkovitz, 1987 — First described from Santa Cruz on the Rio Eiru (S tributary of the Rio Jurua), and believed to occur between the S (right) bank of the upper Rio Jurua and the S bank of the Rio Tarauaca in the SW of the Amazonas and Acre states, but there are very few documented locations.

Distribution. WC Sulawesi in the Lariang River Basin near the confluence with its tributary, the Meweh River, and extending N as far as Gimpu; the precise limits of its distribution have yet to be determined and it distribution may be much larger than what has been confirmed to date. It is known to be parapatric with Dian's Tarsier (1. dentatus) on the E boundary ofits distribution. in Tarsiidae

Distribution. WC Sulawesi in the Lariang River Basin near the confluence with its tributary, the Meweh River, and extending N as far as Gimpu; the precise limits of its distribution have yet to be determined and it distribution may be much larger than what has been confirmed to date. It is known to be parapatric with Dian's Tarsier (1. dentatus) on the E boundary ofits distribution.