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Subspecies and Distribution. O. l. leucogasterWied-Neuwied, 1841 — from extreme SE Saskatchewan and S Manitoba (Canada) S to SE South Dakota and ex-NW Towa (USA). O.l.albescensMerriam,1904—restrictedtothetypelocalityandsurroundingareasinextremeNChihuahuaState(Mexico). O.l.arcticepsRhoads,1898—fromWyomingandSouthDakotaStoCTexasandSENewMexico(USA). O.l.breviauritusHollister,1913—fromENebraskaandNWIowaStoC&SWOklahoma(USA). O.l.brevicaudusMerriam,1891—SEOregon,SIdaho,extremeSWWyoming,extremeECalifornia,andNevada(USA). O.l.fuliginosusMerriam,1890—NWArizona(USA). O.l.fuscogriseusAnthony,1913—EWashington,EOregon,CWIdaho,NECalifornia,andextremeNWNevada(USA). O.l.longipesMerriam,1889—SCTexas(USA)andNEMexico. O.l.melanophrysMerriam,1889—C&SWUtahandadjacentNWArizona(USA). O.l.missouriensisAudubon&Bachman,1851—SAlbertaandSSaskatchewan(Canada)andMontana,NWyoming,WNorthDakota,andNWSouthDakota(USA). O.l.pallescensMerriam,1890—EUtah,W&SCColorado,NEArizona,andNW&NCNewMexico(USA). O.l.ruidosaeStone&Rehn,1903—C&SEArizonaandC&SWNewMexico(USA)andextremeNESonoraandextremeNWChihuahuastates(Mexico). O. l. uthaensis Goldman, 1939 — W Utah (USA). in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. O. l. leucogasterWied-Neuwied, 1841 — from extreme SE Saskatchewan and S Manitoba (Canada) S to SE South Dakota and ex-NW Towa (USA). O.l.albescensMerriam,1904—restrictedtothetypelocalityandsurroundingareasinextremeNChihuahuaState(Mexico). O.l.arcticepsRhoads,1898—fromWyomingandSouthDakotaStoCTexasandSENewMexico(USA). O.l.breviauritusHollister,1913—fromENebraskaandNWIowaStoC&SWOklahoma(USA). O.l.brevicaudusMerriam,1891—SEOregon,SIdaho,extremeSWWyoming,extremeECalifornia,andNevada(USA). O.l.fuliginosusMerriam,1890—NWArizona(USA). O.l.fuscogriseusAnthony,1913—EWashington,EOregon,CWIdaho,NECalifornia,andextremeNWNevada(USA). O.l.longipesMerriam,1889—SCTexas(USA)andNEMexico. O.l.melanophrysMerriam,1889—C&SWUtahandadjacentNWArizona(USA). O.l.missouriensisAudubon&Bachman,1851—SAlbertaandSSaskatchewan(Canada)andMontana,NWyoming,WNorthDakota,andNWSouthDakota(USA). O.l.pallescensMerriam,1890—EUtah,W&SCColorado,NEArizona,andNW&NCNewMexico(USA). O.l.ruidosaeStone&Rehn,1903—C&SEArizonaandC&SWNewMexico(USA)andextremeNESonoraandextremeNWChihuahuastates(Mexico). O. l. uthaensis Goldman, 1939 — W Utah (USA).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.l.leucopusRafinseque,1818—SEUSA. P.l.affinis].A.Allen,1891—EOaxacaandSVeracruz,Mexico. P.l.ammodytesBangs,1905—knownonlyfromManomoyI,Massachusetts,USA. P.l.aridulusOsgood,1909—fromSESaskatchewanandSAlberta,Canada,StoNWKansas,USA.P.lLarizonae].A.Allen,1894—fromSEArizonaandSWNewMexico,USA,StoCDurango,Mexico. P.l.castaneusOsgood,1904—WYucatanPeninsula,Mexico. P.l.caudatusR.W.Smith,1939—SNovaScotia,Canada. P.l.cozumelaeMerriam,1901—CozumelI,Mexico. P.l.eastiParadiso,1960—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainSEVirginia,USA. P.l.fususBangs,1905—knownonlyfromMartha'sVineyardIandNantucketI,Massachusetts,USA. P.l.incensusGoldman,1942—fromWVeracruzSthroughPueblatoNOaxaca,Mexico. P.l.lachiguiriensisGoodwin,1956—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandimmediatesurroundingareainSCOaxaca,Mexico. P.l.mesomelasOsgood,1904—fromextremeSESanLuisPotosiStoSVeracruz,Mexico. P.l.noveboracensis|].B.Fischer,1829—NEone-fourthofUSA. P.l.ochraceusOsgood,1909—CArizona,USA. P.l. texanus Woodhouse, 1853 — from NC Texas, USA, S to SE San Luis Potosi, Mexico. PL. tornillo Mearns, 1896 — from SE Colorado and SW Kansas S to W Texas, USA, and extreme N Chihuahua, Mexico. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.l.leucopusRafinseque,1818—SEUSA. P.l.affinis].A.Allen,1891—EOaxacaandSVeracruz,Mexico. P.l.ammodytesBangs,1905—knownonlyfromManomoyI,Massachusetts,USA. P.l.aridulusOsgood,1909—fromSESaskatchewanandSAlberta,Canada,StoNWKansas,USA.P.lLarizonae].A.Allen,1894—fromSEArizonaandSWNewMexico,USA,StoCDurango,Mexico. P.l.castaneusOsgood,1904—WYucatanPeninsula,Mexico. P.l.caudatusR.W.Smith,1939—SNovaScotia,Canada. P.l.cozumelaeMerriam,1901—CozumelI,Mexico. P.l.eastiParadiso,1960—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainSEVirginia,USA. P.l.fususBangs,1905—knownonlyfromMartha'sVineyardIandNantucketI,Massachusetts,USA. P.l.incensusGoldman,1942—fromWVeracruzSthroughPueblatoNOaxaca,Mexico. P.l.lachiguiriensisGoodwin,1956—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandimmediatesurroundingareainSCOaxaca,Mexico. P.l.mesomelasOsgood,1904—fromextremeSESanLuisPotosiStoSVeracruz,Mexico. P.l.noveboracensis|].B.Fischer,1829—NEone-fourthofUSA. P.l.ochraceusOsgood,1909—CArizona,USA. P.l. texanus Woodhouse, 1853 — from NC Texas, USA, S to SE San Luis Potosi, Mexico. PL. tornillo Mearns, 1896 — from SE Colorado and SW Kansas S to W Texas, USA, and extreme N Chihuahua, Mexico.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.m.maniculatusWagner,1845—SManitoba,Ontario,Quebec,andLabrador,Canada. P.m.abietorumBangs,1896—NewBrunswickandNovaScotia,Canada,andMaine, USA. P.m.alpinusCowan,1937—restrictedtoasmallregioninSEBritishColumbia,Canada . P.m.anacapaevonBloeker,1942—knownonlyfromWestAnacapaIandsurroundingIs,California,USA. P.m.angustusHall,1932—knownonlyfromSWpartofVancouverI,BritishColumbia, Canada. P.m.anticostiensisMoulthrop,1937—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonEAnticostiI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.argentatusCopeland&Church,1906—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonGrandMananI,NewBrunswick,Canada. P.m.artemisiaeRhoads,1894—fromSCBritishColumbia,Canada,SWtoWWyoming, USA. P.m.assimilisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonCoronadoIs,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.austerusBaird,1855—WCWashington,USA. P.m.bairdiiHoy&Kennicott,1857—mostoftheECportionoftheUSA. P.m.balaclavaeMcCabe&Cowan,1945—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonBalaklavaI,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.blandusOsgood,1904—SCUSAStoSanLuisPotosi,Guanajauto,andJalisco, Mexico. P.m.borealisMearns,1911—NWCanada. P.m.catalinaeElliot,1903—knownonlyfromSantaCatalinaI,California,USA. P.m.cmenitius|.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanRoqueI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.clementisMearns,1896—knownonlyfromSanClementeI,California,USA. P.m.coolidge:Thomas,1898—SBajaCaliforniaandBajaCaliforniaSur,Mexico. P.m.dorsalisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonNatividadI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.dubiusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTodosSantosI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.elususNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromSantaBarabaraandSutilIs, California,USA. P.m.eremusOsgood,1909—knownonlyfromGrindstoneI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.exiguusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromSanMartinI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.exterusNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanNicolasI,California,USA. P.m.fulvusOsgood,1904—fromCPueblaandVeracruzStoCOaxaca,Mexico. P.m.gambeliiBaird,1858—N&WCalifornia,USA,SintoNBajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.georgiensisHall,1938—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTexadaIandsurroundingIs,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.geronimensisJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanGeronimoI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.gracilisLeConte,1855—OntarioandSQuebec,Canada,S&EtoWisconsin, Michigan,andNEUSA.FP.m.hollister:Osgood,1909—knownonlyfromSanJuanIandsurroundingIs,Washington,USA. P.m.huey:Nelson&Goldman,1932—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonasmallunnamedIinGonzagaBay,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P. m. inclarus Goldman, 1939 — known only from Fremont I in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. P.m. labecula Elliot, 1903 — from Durango S to Michoacan and Morelos, Mexico. P. m. luteus Osgood, 1905 — from South Dakota S to W Texas, USA. P. m. magdalenae Osgood, 1909 — Magdalena I and surrounding mainland areas, Baja California, Mexico. P.m. margaritae Osgood, 1909 — known only from Margarita I, Baja California, Mexico. Pm. nebrascensis Coues, 1877 — from S Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, S to NW Texas, USA. Pm. nubiterrae Rhoads, 1896 — from W New York S to North Carolina, USA. Pm. ozarkiarum Black, 1935 — from NE Oklahoma and SW Missouri S to W Arkansas and NC edge of Texas, USA. P. m. pallescensJ. A. Allen, 1896 — NC to SC Texas, USA. Pm. plumbeus C. F. Jackson, 1939 — E Quebec, Canada. Pm. rubidus Osgood, 1901 — from SW Washington S along the Pacific Coast to C California, USA. P. m. rufinus Merriam, 1890 — from N California S to SC Arizona and New Mexico, USA. P. m. sanctaerosae von Bloeker, 1940 — known only from Santa Rosa I, California, USA. P.m. santacruzae Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from Santa Cruz I, California, USA. Pm. saturatus Bangs, 1897 — known only from Saturna I, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. saxamans McCabe & Cowan, 1945 — known only from Duncan I and surrounding Is, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. serratus Davis, 1939 — restricted to a small region in C Idaho, USA. Pm. sonoriensis Le Conte, 1853 — from SE Oregon and S Idaho, USA, S to N edge of Sonora, Mexico. Pm. streatori Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from San Miguel I and surrounding Is, California, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.m.maniculatusWagner,1845—SManitoba,Ontario,Quebec,andLabrador,Canada. P.m.abietorumBangs,1896—NewBrunswickandNovaScotia,Canada,andMaine, USA. P.m.alpinusCowan,1937—restrictedtoasmallregioninSEBritishColumbia,Canada . P.m.anacapaevonBloeker,1942—knownonlyfromWestAnacapaIandsurroundingIs,California,USA. P.m.angustusHall,1932—knownonlyfromSWpartofVancouverI,BritishColumbia, Canada. P.m.anticostiensisMoulthrop,1937—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonEAnticostiI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.argentatusCopeland&Church,1906—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonGrandMananI,NewBrunswick,Canada. P.m.artemisiaeRhoads,1894—fromSCBritishColumbia,Canada,SWtoWWyoming, USA. P.m.assimilisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonCoronadoIs,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.austerusBaird,1855—WCWashington,USA. P.m.bairdiiHoy&Kennicott,1857—mostoftheECportionoftheUSA. P.m.balaclavaeMcCabe&Cowan,1945—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonBalaklavaI,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.blandusOsgood,1904—SCUSAStoSanLuisPotosi,Guanajauto,andJalisco, Mexico. P.m.borealisMearns,1911—NWCanada. P.m.catalinaeElliot,1903—knownonlyfromSantaCatalinaI,California,USA. P.m.cmenitius|.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanRoqueI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.clementisMearns,1896—knownonlyfromSanClementeI,California,USA. P.m.coolidge:Thomas,1898—SBajaCaliforniaandBajaCaliforniaSur,Mexico. P.m.dorsalisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonNatividadI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.dubiusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTodosSantosI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.elususNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromSantaBarabaraandSutilIs, California,USA. P.m.eremusOsgood,1909—knownonlyfromGrindstoneI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.exiguusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromSanMartinI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.exterusNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanNicolasI,California,USA. P.m.fulvusOsgood,1904—fromCPueblaandVeracruzStoCOaxaca,Mexico. P.m.gambeliiBaird,1858—N&WCalifornia,USA,SintoNBajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.georgiensisHall,1938—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTexadaIandsurroundingIs,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.geronimensisJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanGeronimoI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.gracilisLeConte,1855—OntarioandSQuebec,Canada,S&EtoWisconsin, Michigan,andNEUSA.FP.m.hollister:Osgood,1909—knownonlyfromSanJuanIandsurroundingIs,Washington,USA. P.m.huey:Nelson&Goldman,1932—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonasmallunnamedIinGonzagaBay,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P. m. inclarus Goldman, 1939 — known only from Fremont I in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. P.m. labecula Elliot, 1903 — from Durango S to Michoacan and Morelos, Mexico. P. m. luteus Osgood, 1905 — from South Dakota S to W Texas, USA. P. m. magdalenae Osgood, 1909 — Magdalena I and surrounding mainland areas, Baja California, Mexico. P.m. margaritae Osgood, 1909 — known only from Margarita I, Baja California, Mexico. Pm. nebrascensis Coues, 1877 — from S Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, S to NW Texas, USA. Pm. nubiterrae Rhoads, 1896 — from W New York S to North Carolina, USA. Pm. ozarkiarum Black, 1935 — from NE Oklahoma and SW Missouri S to W Arkansas and NC edge of Texas, USA. P. m. pallescensJ. A. Allen, 1896 — NC to SC Texas, USA. Pm. plumbeus C. F. Jackson, 1939 — E Quebec, Canada. Pm. rubidus Osgood, 1901 — from SW Washington S along the Pacific Coast to C California, USA. P. m. rufinus Merriam, 1890 — from N California S to SC Arizona and New Mexico, USA. P. m. sanctaerosae von Bloeker, 1940 — known only from Santa Rosa I, California, USA. P.m. santacruzae Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from Santa Cruz I, California, USA. Pm. saturatus Bangs, 1897 — known only from Saturna I, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. saxamans McCabe & Cowan, 1945 — known only from Duncan I and surrounding Is, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. serratus Davis, 1939 — restricted to a small region in C Idaho, USA. Pm. sonoriensis Le Conte, 1853 — from SE Oregon and S Idaho, USA, S to N edge of Sonora, Mexico. Pm. streatori Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from San Miguel I and surrounding Is, California, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. R.m.megalotisBaird,1858—fromextremeSCBritishColumbia(Canada)SthroughtheWthirdoftheUSAtoMichoacanState(CMexico). R.m.alticolusMerriam,1901—EGuerreroandOaxacastates(SCMexico). R.m.amolesA.H.Howell,1914—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainSierraGorda,QuerétaroState,CMexico,atanelevationofabout2285m. R.m.arizonensis].A.Allen,1895—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityinChiricahuaMts,SEArizona,USA,atanelevationofabout2440m. R.m.aztecus|].A.Allen,1893—SEUtah,SColorado,SWKansas,NEArizona,N&CNewMexico,NWTexas,andOklahomaPanhandle(USA). R.m.catalinaeElliot,1904—SantaBarbaraI,California(USA). R.m.distichlisvonBloeker,1937—smallregionofWCCalifornia(USA). R.m.dycheiJ.A.Allen,1895—fromSEAlbertaandSWSaskatchewan(Canada)EtoSWWisconsin,WCIndiana,andMissouri,andStoNEColorado,Kansas,andNEArkansas(USA). R.m.hooperiGoodwin,1954—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainWCTamaulipasState(NEMexico). R.m.limicolavonBloeker,1932—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainSWCalifornia(USA). R.m.longicaudusBaird,1858—SWWashingtonandWCalifornia(USA)andNWBajaCaliforniaState(NWMexico). R.m.peninsulaeElliot,1903—NBajaCaliforniaState(NWMexico). R.m.ravusGoldman,1939—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainNUtah(USA). R.m.santacruzaePearson,1951—SantaCruzI,California(USA). R. m. saturatusJ. A. Allen & F. M. Chapman, 1897 — from Coahuila and Nuevo Leon S to México, Morelos, Puebla, and Veracruz states (Mexico). in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R.m.megalotisBaird,1858—fromextremeSCBritishColumbia(Canada)SthroughtheWthirdoftheUSAtoMichoacanState(CMexico). R.m.alticolusMerriam,1901—EGuerreroandOaxacastates(SCMexico). R.m.amolesA.H.Howell,1914—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainSierraGorda,QuerétaroState,CMexico,atanelevationofabout2285m. R.m.arizonensis].A.Allen,1895—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityinChiricahuaMts,SEArizona,USA,atanelevationofabout2440m. R.m.aztecus|].A.Allen,1893—SEUtah,SColorado,SWKansas,NEArizona,N&CNewMexico,NWTexas,andOklahomaPanhandle(USA). R.m.catalinaeElliot,1904—SantaBarbaraI,California(USA). R.m.distichlisvonBloeker,1937—smallregionofWCCalifornia(USA). R.m.dycheiJ.A.Allen,1895—fromSEAlbertaandSWSaskatchewan(Canada)EtoSWWisconsin,WCIndiana,andMissouri,andStoNEColorado,Kansas,andNEArkansas(USA). R.m.hooperiGoodwin,1954—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainWCTamaulipasState(NEMexico). R.m.limicolavonBloeker,1932—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainSWCalifornia(USA). R.m.longicaudusBaird,1858—SWWashingtonandWCalifornia(USA)andNWBajaCaliforniaState(NWMexico). R.m.peninsulaeElliot,1903—NBajaCaliforniaState(NWMexico). R.m.ravusGoldman,1939—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareainNUtah(USA). R.m.santacruzaePearson,1951—SantaCruzI,California(USA). R. m. saturatusJ. A. Allen & F. M. Chapman, 1897 — from Coahuila and Nuevo Leon S to México, Morelos, Puebla, and Veracruz states (Mexico).

Subspecies and Distribution. M.r.richardsoniDeKay,1842—SEBritishColumbiaandSWAlberta,Canada. M.r.arvicoloidesRhoads,1894—SWBritishColumbia,Canada,SalongtheCascadesRangetoSOregon. M.r.macropusMerriam,1891—EWashington,EOregon,Idaho,WMontana,andWWyoming,USA. M. r. myllodontus Rasmussen & Chamberlain, 1959 — from extreme SE Idaho S to C Utah, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.r.richardsoniDeKay,1842—SEBritishColumbiaandSWAlberta,Canada. M.r.arvicoloidesRhoads,1894—SWBritishColumbia,Canada,SalongtheCascadesRangetoSOregon. M.r.macropusMerriam,1891—EWashington,EOregon,Idaho,WMontana,andWWyoming,USA. M. r. myllodontus Rasmussen & Chamberlain, 1959 — from extreme SE Idaho S to C Utah, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. M. o. ochrogaster Wagner, 1843 — from extreme SE South Dakota, E Nebraska, E Kansas, and extreme NE Oklahoma E to SW Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, and extreme NE Alabama, USA. M.o.haydeniiBaird,1858—fromNEM.o.attheCanadianborderandNWNorthDakotaStoNENewMexicoandCOklahoma,USA. M.o.ludovicianusBailey,1900—disjunctlimitedrangeontheSETexasandSWLouisianacoast,USA. M.o.minorMerriam,1888—fromCAlbertaandCSaskatchewan,Canada,SEtoSESouthDakota,SMinnesota,andCWisconsin,USA. M.o.ohionensisBole&M.o.,1942—WOhio,EKentucky,andWWestVirginia,USA. M.o.similisSeveringhaus,1977—fromCM.o.StoCWyomingandextremeSWSouthDakota,USA. M. o. taylori Hibbard & Rinker, 1943 — SW Kansas and extreme NW Oklahoma, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. o. ochrogaster Wagner, 1843 — from extreme SE South Dakota, E Nebraska, E Kansas, and extreme NE Oklahoma E to SW Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, and extreme NE Alabama, USA. M.o.haydeniiBaird,1858—fromNEM.o.attheCanadianborderandNWNorthDakotaStoNENewMexicoandCOklahoma,USA. M.o.ludovicianusBailey,1900—disjunctlimitedrangeontheSETexasandSWLouisianacoast,USA. M.o.minorMerriam,1888—fromCAlbertaandCSaskatchewan,Canada,SEtoSESouthDakota,SMinnesota,andCWisconsin,USA. M.o.ohionensisBole&M.o.,1942—WOhio,EKentucky,andWWestVirginia,USA. M.o.similisSeveringhaus,1977—fromCM.o.StoCWyomingandextremeSWSouthDakota,USA. M. o. taylori Hibbard & Rinker, 1943 — SW Kansas and extreme NW Oklahoma, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.montanusPeale,1848—SCOregon,NE&ECCalifornia,andWNevada,USA. M.m.amosusHall&Hayward,1941—narrowrangefromNEtoSEUtah,USA. M.m.arizonensisBailey,1898—BlueRangeofEArizonaextendingintotheGilaregionofWNewMexico,USA. M.m.canescensBailey,1898—fromSCBritishColumbia,Canada,StoSCWashington,USA. M.m.codiensisS.Anderson,1954—extremeSCMontanaandNWWyoming,USA. M.m.dutcheriBailey,1898—restrictedtohigherelevationsofSSierraNevada,CCalifornia,USA. M.m.fucosusHall,1935—restrictedtoSENevada,USA. M.m.fususHall,1938—extremeSEUtah,W&SColorado,andNNewMexico,USA. M.m.micropusHall,1935—SEOregon,SWIdaho,N&CNevada,andextremeWUtah,USA. M.m.nanusMerriam,1891—WWashington,NC&WOregon,Idaho,SW&CMontana,W&SWyoming,extremeNENevada,N,WC&SWUtah,andNColorado,USA. M.m.nevadensisBailey,1898—restrictedtothevicinityofAshMeadows,SENevada,USA. M.m.pratincolaHall&Kelson,1951—WMontana,USA. M.m.rioularisBailey,1898—restrictedtothetypelocalityinSWUtah,USA. M.m.undosusHall,1935—restrictedrangeinWCNevada,USA. M. m. zygomaticus S. Anderson, 1954 — NC Colorado, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.montanusPeale,1848—SCOregon,NE&ECCalifornia,andWNevada,USA. M.m.amosusHall&Hayward,1941—narrowrangefromNEtoSEUtah,USA. M.m.arizonensisBailey,1898—BlueRangeofEArizonaextendingintotheGilaregionofWNewMexico,USA. M.m.canescensBailey,1898—fromSCBritishColumbia,Canada,StoSCWashington,USA. M.m.codiensisS.Anderson,1954—extremeSCMontanaandNWWyoming,USA. M.m.dutcheriBailey,1898—restrictedtohigherelevationsofSSierraNevada,CCalifornia,USA. M.m.fucosusHall,1935—restrictedtoSENevada,USA. M.m.fususHall,1938—extremeSEUtah,W&SColorado,andNNewMexico,USA. M.m.micropusHall,1935—SEOregon,SWIdaho,N&CNevada,andextremeWUtah,USA. M.m.nanusMerriam,1891—WWashington,NC&WOregon,Idaho,SW&CMontana,W&SWyoming,extremeNENevada,N,WC&SWUtah,andNColorado,USA. M.m.nevadensisBailey,1898—restrictedtothevicinityofAshMeadows,SENevada,USA. M.m.pratincolaHall&Kelson,1951—WMontana,USA. M.m.rioularisBailey,1898—restrictedtothetypelocalityinSWUtah,USA. M.m.undosusHall,1935—restrictedrangeinWCNevada,USA. M. m. zygomaticus S. Anderson, 1954 — NC Colorado, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.c.chrotorrhinusG.S.Miller,1894—S&EOntario,SQuebec,andWNewBrunswick,Canada,andNEMinnesota,NewYork,extremeWMassachusetts,Vermont,NewHampshire,Maine,NEPennsylvania, andextremeNWNewJersey,USA. M.c.carolinensisKomarek,1932—ETennesseeandWNorthCarolina,USA. M. c. ravus Bangs, 1898 — E Labrador and extreme E Quebec, Canada. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.c.chrotorrhinusG.S.Miller,1894—S&EOntario,SQuebec,andWNewBrunswick,Canada,andNEMinnesota,NewYork,extremeWMassachusetts,Vermont,NewHampshire,Maine,NEPennsylvania, andextremeNWNewJersey,USA. M.c.carolinensisKomarek,1932—ETennesseeandWNorthCarolina,USA. M. c. ravus Bangs, 1898 — E Labrador and extreme E Quebec, Canada.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.p.pinetorumLeConte,1830—SVirgin-1a,extremeETennessee,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,SEMississippi,SAlabama,andmostofGeorgia,USA. M.p.auricularisBailey,1898—SIndiana,SWOhio,extremeSEMissouri,mostofKentucky,E&SArkansas,mostofTennessee,ETexas,Louisiana,Mississippi,NAlabama,andNWGeorgia,USA. M.p.carbonariusHandley,1952—extremeSEOhio,extremeWWestVirginia,EKentucky,andETennessee,USA. M.p.nemoralisBailey,1898—extremeSEMinnesota,SWWisconsin,Iowa,SENebraska,EKansas,Missouri,EOklahoma,Arkansas,andNETexas,USA. M.p.parvulusA.H.Howell,1916—SGeorgiaandNFlorida,USA. M.p.scalopsoidesAudubon&Bachman,1841—extremeSOntarioandextremeSQuebec,Canada,andfromSWisconsinandIllinoisEtotheAtlanticcoastfromextremeSWMainetoSVirginia,USA. M. p. schmidti H. H. T. Jackson, 1941 — WC Wisconsin, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.p.pinetorumLeConte,1830—SVirgin-1a,extremeETennessee,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,SEMississippi,SAlabama,andmostofGeorgia,USA. M.p.auricularisBailey,1898—SIndiana,SWOhio,extremeSEMissouri,mostofKentucky,E&SArkansas,mostofTennessee,ETexas,Louisiana,Mississippi,NAlabama,andNWGeorgia,USA. M.p.carbonariusHandley,1952—extremeSEOhio,extremeWWestVirginia,EKentucky,andETennessee,USA. M.p.nemoralisBailey,1898—extremeSEMinnesota,SWWisconsin,Iowa,SENebraska,EKansas,Missouri,EOklahoma,Arkansas,andNETexas,USA. M.p.parvulusA.H.Howell,1916—SGeorgiaandNFlorida,USA. M.p.scalopsoidesAudubon&Bachman,1841—extremeSOntarioandextremeSQuebec,Canada,andfromSWisconsinandIllinoisEtotheAtlanticcoastfromextremeSWMainetoSVirginia,USA. M. p. schmidti H. H. T. Jackson, 1941 — WC Wisconsin, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.miurusOsgood,1901—KenaiPeninsula,Alaska,USA. M.m.anderson:Rand,1945—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityinWNorthwestTerritories,Canada. M.m.cantatorR.M.Anderson,1947—WrangellMtsofAlaska,USA,andSWYukon,Canada. M.m.murieiNelson,1931—NAlaska,USA,andmostofYukon,Canada. M. m. oreas Osgood, 1907 — S Alaska, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.miurusOsgood,1901—KenaiPeninsula,Alaska,USA. M.m.anderson:Rand,1945—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityinWNorthwestTerritories,Canada. M.m.cantatorR.M.Anderson,1947—WrangellMtsofAlaska,USA,andSWYukon,Canada. M.m.murieiNelson,1931—NAlaska,USA,andmostofYukon,Canada. M. m. oreas Osgood, 1907 — S Alaska, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.p.pennsylvanicusOrd,1815—extremeSEQuebecandNewBrunswick,Canada,andfromSouthDakota,N&ENebraska,andextremeNEKansasEtotheAtlanticcoastfromMaineStoSouthCarolina,USA. M.p.acadicusBangs,1897—PrinceEdwardIandNovaScotia,Canada. M.p.admiraltiaeHeller,1909—AdmiraltyI,Alaska,USA. M.p.alcorniBaker,1951—fromSWAlaska,USA,EtoSYukon,Canada. M.p.aphorodemusPreble,1902—SENunavutandNEManitoba,Canada. M.p.axtecusJ.A.Allen,1893—restrictedrangeinNWNewMexico,USA. M.p.chihuahuensisBradley&Cockrum,1968—knownonlyfromthevicinityofGaleana,NWChihuahua,Mexico. M.p.copelandiYoungman,1967—extremeSNewBrunswick,Canada. M.p.drummondiiAudubon&Bachman,1854—fromNAlaskaandNWYukonSEtoWOntario,Canada,andextremeWWashington,NIdaho,extremeNWMontana,NorthDakota,andextremeNSouthDakota,USA. M.p.enixusBangs,1896—C&NEQuebecandLabrador,Canada. M.p.finitusS.Anderson,1956—SWNebraska,extremeNEColorado,andextremeNWKansas,USA. M.p.fontigenusBangs,1896—WOntarioandSQuebec,Canada. M.p.funebrisDale,1940—SWBritishColumbia,Canada,andNEWashington,USA. M.p.insperatusJ.A.Allen,1894—SEAlbertaandSWSaskatchewan,Canada,N&EMontana,WNorthDakota,NEWyoming,andWSouthDakota,USA. M.p.kincaidiDalquest,1941—knownonlyfromMosesLake,CWashington,USA. M.p.labradoriusBailey,1898—NWQuebec,Canada. M.p.magdalenensisYoungman,1967—MagdalenIs,Quebec,Canada. M.p.microcephalusRhoads,1894—SEBritishColumbiatoSAlberta,Canada. M.p.modestusBaird,1858—fromCColoradoStoCNewMexico,USA. M.p.nigransRhoads,1897—EVirginiaandNENorthCarolina,USA. M.p.provectusBangs,1908—BlockI,RhodeIsland,USA. M.p.pullatusS.Anderson,1956—C&EIdaho,WMontana,WWyoming,andNCUtah,USA. M.p.rubidusDale,1940—SEAlaska,USA,andWBritishColumbia,Canada. M.p.shattuckiHowe,1901—IsleboroandNorthHavenIs,Maine,USA. M.p.tananaensisBaker,1951—CAlaska,USA. M.p.terraenovaeBangs,1894—Newfoundland,Canada. M. p. uligocola S. Anderson, 1956 — extreme SE Wyoming and NE Colorado, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.p.pennsylvanicusOrd,1815—extremeSEQuebecandNewBrunswick,Canada,andfromSouthDakota,N&ENebraska,andextremeNEKansasEtotheAtlanticcoastfromMaineStoSouthCarolina,USA. M.p.acadicusBangs,1897—PrinceEdwardIandNovaScotia,Canada. M.p.admiraltiaeHeller,1909—AdmiraltyI,Alaska,USA. M.p.alcorniBaker,1951—fromSWAlaska,USA,EtoSYukon,Canada. M.p.aphorodemusPreble,1902—SENunavutandNEManitoba,Canada. M.p.axtecusJ.A.Allen,1893—restrictedrangeinNWNewMexico,USA. M.p.chihuahuensisBradley&Cockrum,1968—knownonlyfromthevicinityofGaleana,NWChihuahua,Mexico. M.p.copelandiYoungman,1967—extremeSNewBrunswick,Canada. M.p.drummondiiAudubon&Bachman,1854—fromNAlaskaandNWYukonSEtoWOntario,Canada,andextremeWWashington,NIdaho,extremeNWMontana,NorthDakota,andextremeNSouthDakota,USA. M.p.enixusBangs,1896—C&NEQuebecandLabrador,Canada. M.p.finitusS.Anderson,1956—SWNebraska,extremeNEColorado,andextremeNWKansas,USA. M.p.fontigenusBangs,1896—WOntarioandSQuebec,Canada. M.p.funebrisDale,1940—SWBritishColumbia,Canada,andNEWashington,USA. M.p.insperatusJ.A.Allen,1894—SEAlbertaandSWSaskatchewan,Canada,N&EMontana,WNorthDakota,NEWyoming,andWSouthDakota,USA. M.p.kincaidiDalquest,1941—knownonlyfromMosesLake,CWashington,USA. M.p.labradoriusBailey,1898—NWQuebec,Canada. M.p.magdalenensisYoungman,1967—MagdalenIs,Quebec,Canada. M.p.microcephalusRhoads,1894—SEBritishColumbiatoSAlberta,Canada. M.p.modestusBaird,1858—fromCColoradoStoCNewMexico,USA. M.p.nigransRhoads,1897—EVirginiaandNENorthCarolina,USA. M.p.provectusBangs,1908—BlockI,RhodeIsland,USA. M.p.pullatusS.Anderson,1956—C&EIdaho,WMontana,WWyoming,andNCUtah,USA. M.p.rubidusDale,1940—SEAlaska,USA,andWBritishColumbia,Canada. M.p.shattuckiHowe,1901—IsleboroandNorthHavenIs,Maine,USA. M.p.tananaensisBaker,1951—CAlaska,USA. M.p.terraenovaeBangs,1894—Newfoundland,Canada. M. p. uligocola S. Anderson, 1956 — extreme SE Wyoming and NE Colorado, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. L.c.curtatusCope,1868—ECCaliforniaandSWNevada,USA. L.c.intermediusW.P.Taylor,1911—NECalifornia,SEOregon,SIdaho,N&CNevada,andWUtah,USA. L.c.levidensisGoldman,1941—WIdahoandSMontanaSEtoNEUtahandNColorado,USA. L.c.orbitusDearden&Lee,1955—SCUtah,USA. L.c.pallidusMerriam,1888—SSaskatchewanandSAlberta,Canada,andMontana,WNorthDakota,andNWSouthDakota,USA. L. c. pauperrimus Cooper, 1868 — C Washington to S Oregon and extreme N California, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L.c.curtatusCope,1868—ECCaliforniaandSWNevada,USA. L.c.intermediusW.P.Taylor,1911—NECalifornia,SEOregon,SIdaho,N&CNevada,andWUtah,USA. L.c.levidensisGoldman,1941—WIdahoandSMontanaSEtoNEUtahandNColorado,USA. L.c.orbitusDearden&Lee,1955—SCUtah,USA. L.c.pallidusMerriam,1888—SSaskatchewanandSAlberta,Canada,andMontana,WNorthDakota,andNWSouthDakota,USA. L. c. pauperrimus Cooper, 1868 — C Washington to S Oregon and extreme N California, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.g.gapperiVigors,1830—SEManitoba,SOntario,NMinnesota,andWisconsinEacrossGreatLakesregiontoEQuebec. M.g.arizonensisCockrum&Fitch,1952— WhiteMts,CEArizona,USA. M.g.athabascaePreble,1908—fromNEBritishColumbiaEtoWManitoba,Canada. M.g.brevicaudusMerriam,1891—isolatedrangeinNEWyomingandCWSouthDakota,USA. M.g.carolinensisMerriam,1888—SAppalachianMtsfromVirginiaStoextremeNGeorgia,USA. M.g.cascadensisBooth,1945—CascadeRangeofCWashington,USA. M. g. caurinus Bailey, 1898 — coastal British Columbia, Canada. M.g.galeiMerriam,1890—fromextremeSAlberta,Canada,StoCUtah,USA. M.g.gaspeanusR.M.Anderson,1943—GaspéPeninsulaofEQuebecandextremeNNewBrunswick,Canada. M.g.gautiCockrum&Fitch,1952—fromSColoradoStoCNewMexico,USA. M.g.hudsoniusR.M.Anderson,1940—SofHudsonBayinManitoba,Ontario,andQuebec,Canada. M.g.idahoensisMerriam,1891—WOregon,Idaho,WMontana,andWWyoming,USA. M.g.limitisBailey,1913—mountainsofCWNewMexico,USA. M.g.loringiBailey,1897—SEAlberta,SSaskatchewan,andSManitoba,Canada,andNMontana,NorthDakota,extremeNSouthDakota,mostofMinnesota,andNCIowa,USA. M.g.maurusKellogg,1939—smallrangeinEKentuckyandVirginia,USA. M.g.nivariusBailey,1897—OlympicMtsofWashington,USA. M.g.occidentalisMerriam,1890—extremeScoastalBritishColumbia,Canada,andNWcoastofWashington,USA. M.g.ochraceusG.S.Miller,1894—PrinceEdwardI,NewBrunswick,andextremeSEQuebec,Canada,SalongtheAtlanticcoasttoMassachusetts,USA. M.g.pallescensHall&Cockrum,1952—NovaScotia,Canada. M.g.paludicolaDoutt,1941—NEOhioandNWPennsylvania,USA. M.g.phaeusSwarth,1911—ScoastalSEAlaska,USA,toFortSimpson,CEBritishColumbia,Canada. M.g.proteusBangs,1897—NEQuebecandLabrador,Canada. M.g.rhoadsiiStone,1893—restrictedrangeinSENewYorkandadjacentNewJersey,USA. M.g.rupicolaPoole,1949—knownonlyfromKittatinnyRidge,EPennsylvania,USA. M.g.saturatusRhoads,1894—NBritishColumbia,Canada,StoNWashington,NIdaho,andNMontana,USA. M.g.solusHall&Cockrum,1952—restrictedtoRevillagigedoI,SEAlaska,USA. M.g.stikinensisHall&Cockrum,1952—NcoastalSEAlaska,USA,andWBritishColumbia,Canada. M.g.ungavaBailey,1897—NQuebec,Canada. M. g. wrangeli Bailey, 1897 — Sergief and Wrangell Is, SE Alaska, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.g.gapperiVigors,1830—SEManitoba,SOntario,NMinnesota,andWisconsinEacrossGreatLakesregiontoEQuebec. M.g.arizonensisCockrum&Fitch,1952— WhiteMts,CEArizona,USA. M.g.athabascaePreble,1908—fromNEBritishColumbiaEtoWManitoba,Canada. M.g.brevicaudusMerriam,1891—isolatedrangeinNEWyomingandCWSouthDakota,USA. M.g.carolinensisMerriam,1888—SAppalachianMtsfromVirginiaStoextremeNGeorgia,USA. M.g.cascadensisBooth,1945—CascadeRangeofCWashington,USA. M. g. caurinus Bailey, 1898 — coastal British Columbia, Canada. M.g.galeiMerriam,1890—fromextremeSAlberta,Canada,StoCUtah,USA. M.g.gaspeanusR.M.Anderson,1943—GaspéPeninsulaofEQuebecandextremeNNewBrunswick,Canada. M.g.gautiCockrum&Fitch,1952—fromSColoradoStoCNewMexico,USA. M.g.hudsoniusR.M.Anderson,1940—SofHudsonBayinManitoba,Ontario,andQuebec,Canada. M.g.idahoensisMerriam,1891—WOregon,Idaho,WMontana,andWWyoming,USA. M.g.limitisBailey,1913—mountainsofCWNewMexico,USA. M.g.loringiBailey,1897—SEAlberta,SSaskatchewan,andSManitoba,Canada,andNMontana,NorthDakota,extremeNSouthDakota,mostofMinnesota,andNCIowa,USA. M.g.maurusKellogg,1939—smallrangeinEKentuckyandVirginia,USA. M.g.nivariusBailey,1897—OlympicMtsofWashington,USA. M.g.occidentalisMerriam,1890—extremeScoastalBritishColumbia,Canada,andNWcoastofWashington,USA. M.g.ochraceusG.S.Miller,1894—PrinceEdwardI,NewBrunswick,andextremeSEQuebec,Canada,SalongtheAtlanticcoasttoMassachusetts,USA. M.g.pallescensHall&Cockrum,1952—NovaScotia,Canada. M.g.paludicolaDoutt,1941—NEOhioandNWPennsylvania,USA. M.g.phaeusSwarth,1911—ScoastalSEAlaska,USA,toFortSimpson,CEBritishColumbia,Canada. M.g.proteusBangs,1897—NEQuebecandLabrador,Canada. M.g.rhoadsiiStone,1893—restrictedrangeinSENewYorkandadjacentNewJersey,USA. M.g.rupicolaPoole,1949—knownonlyfromKittatinnyRidge,EPennsylvania,USA. M.g.saturatusRhoads,1894—NBritishColumbia,Canada,StoNWashington,NIdaho,andNMontana,USA. M.g.solusHall&Cockrum,1952—restrictedtoRevillagigedoI,SEAlaska,USA. M.g.stikinensisHall&Cockrum,1952—NcoastalSEAlaska,USA,andWBritishColumbia,Canada. M.g.ungavaBailey,1897—NQuebec,Canada. M. g. wrangeli Bailey, 1897 — Sergief and Wrangell Is, SE Alaska, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.intermediusMerriam,1889—fromW BritishColumbia,Canada,SEtoNNewMexico,USA. Pu.celsusA.B.Howell,1923—SierraNevadaofECCaliforniaandextremeWNevada,USA. P.i.laingiR.M.Anderson,1942—SWBritishColumbia,Canada. P1.levisA.B.Howell,1923—fromEBritishColumbiaandWCAlberta,Canada,SEtoNWMontana,USA. P.i. oramontis Rhoads, 1895 — from S British Columbia, Canada, S to C Oregon, USA. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.intermediusMerriam,1889—fromW BritishColumbia,Canada,SEtoNNewMexico,USA. Pu.celsusA.B.Howell,1923—SierraNevadaofECCaliforniaandextremeWNevada,USA. P.i.laingiR.M.Anderson,1942—SWBritishColumbia,Canada. P1.levisA.B.Howell,1923—fromEBritishColumbiaandWCAlberta,Canada,SEtoNWMontana,USA. P.i. oramontis Rhoads, 1895 — from S British Columbia, Canada, S to C Oregon, USA.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.u.ungavaMerriam,1889—C&EManitoba,Ontario,Quebec,andNNewfoundland,Canada,andNEMinnesota,USA. P.u.crassusBangs,1900—extremeNEQuebecandSNewfoundland,Canada. P.u.mackenziiPreble,1902—fromSYukon,SNorthwestTerritories,andSNunavutStoCBritishColumbiaandSCAlberta,andEthroughNSaskatchewanand NManitobatoHudsonBay,Canada. P. u. soperiR. M. Anderson, 1942 — SE Alberta, C Saskatchewan, and SW Manitoba, Canada. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.u.ungavaMerriam,1889—C&EManitoba,Ontario,Quebec,andNNewfoundland,Canada,andNEMinnesota,USA. P.u.crassusBangs,1900—extremeNEQuebecandSNewfoundland,Canada. P.u.mackenziiPreble,1902—fromSYukon,SNorthwestTerritories,andSNunavutStoCBritishColumbiaandSCAlberta,andEthroughNSaskatchewanand NManitobatoHudsonBay,Canada. P. u. soperiR. M. Anderson, 1942 — SE Alberta, C Saskatchewan, and SW Manitoba, Canada.

Subspecies and Distribution. O.z.zibethicusLinnaeus,1766—fromextremeSEManitoba,COntario,andCQuebec,Canada,SthroughEUSAtoextremeNETexas,extremeNLouisiana,Mississippi,Alabama,NGeorgia,andNWSouthCarolina. O.z.albusSabine,1823—Saskatchewan, Manitoba,andNOntario,Canada. O.z.aquiloniusBangs,1899—NQuebecandLabrador,Canada. O.z.bernard:Goldman,1932—SNevada,SECalifornia,andWArizona,USA,andNBajaCaliforniaandextremeNWSonora,Mexico. 0.z.aannamominusHollister,1910—fromSEAlberta,SSaskatchewan,andSManitoba,Canada,SthroughCUSAtoNTexas. O.z.goldmaniHuey,1938—SWUtah,SENevada,andNWArizona,USA. O.z.macrodonMerriam,1897—fromSEPennsylvaniaSalongthecoasttoNorthCarolina,USA. O.z.mergensHollister,1910—SEOregon,NC&NECalifornia,NNevada,andextremeNWUtah,USA. O.z.obscurusBangs,1894—Newfoundland,Canada. O.z.ocapitalisElliot,1903—WWashingtonandWOregon,USA. O.z.osoyoosensisLord,1863—fromSBritishColumbiaandSWAlberta,Canada,S alongtheRockyMtstoNNewMexico,USA. O.z.pallidusMearns,1890—fromSCArizonaEtoWNewMexico,USA. O.z.nipensisBailey,1902—fromCNewMexico,USAStoNChihuahua,Mexico. O.z.nwaliciusBangs,1895—fromSEcoastalTexasEtoextremeNWFlorida,USA. O.z.spatulatusOsgood,1900—fromPacificCoastofCAlaska,USA,SEtoSBritishColumbia,AlbertaandWSaskatchewan,Canada. O. z. zalophus Hollister, 1910 — SW & SC Alaska, USA. Introduced to most of Europe, Siberia, C Asia, Russian Far East, China, NE Korea, Japan (Honshu), S Chile, and S Argentina. in Cricetidae

Subspecies and Distribution. O.z.zibethicusLinnaeus,1766—fromextremeSEManitoba,COntario,andCQuebec,Canada,SthroughEUSAtoextremeNETexas,extremeNLouisiana,Mississippi,Alabama,NGeorgia,andNWSouthCarolina. O.z.albusSabine,1823—Saskatchewan, Manitoba,andNOntario,Canada. O.z.aquiloniusBangs,1899—NQuebecandLabrador,Canada. O.z.bernard:Goldman,1932—SNevada,SECalifornia,andWArizona,USA,andNBajaCaliforniaandextremeNWSonora,Mexico. 0.z.aannamominusHollister,1910—fromSEAlberta,SSaskatchewan,andSManitoba,Canada,SthroughCUSAtoNTexas. O.z.goldmaniHuey,1938—SWUtah,SENevada,andNWArizona,USA. O.z.macrodonMerriam,1897—fromSEPennsylvaniaSalongthecoasttoNorthCarolina,USA. O.z.mergensHollister,1910—SEOregon,NC&NECalifornia,NNevada,andextremeNWUtah,USA. O.z.obscurusBangs,1894—Newfoundland,Canada. O.z.ocapitalisElliot,1903—WWashingtonandWOregon,USA. O.z.osoyoosensisLord,1863—fromSBritishColumbiaandSWAlberta,Canada,S alongtheRockyMtstoNNewMexico,USA. O.z.pallidusMearns,1890—fromSCArizonaEtoWNewMexico,USA. O.z.nipensisBailey,1902—fromCNewMexico,USAStoNChihuahua,Mexico. O.z.nwaliciusBangs,1895—fromSEcoastalTexasEtoextremeNWFlorida,USA. O.z.spatulatusOsgood,1900—fromPacificCoastofCAlaska,USA,SEtoSBritishColumbia,AlbertaandWSaskatchewan,Canada. O. z. zalophus Hollister, 1910 — SW & SC Alaska, USA. Introduced to most of Europe, Siberia, C Asia, Russian Far East, China, NE Korea, Japan (Honshu), S Chile, and S Argentina.

Subspecies and Distribution. S.a.aquaticusLinnaeus,1758—Massachusetts,SENewYork,Connecticut,RhodeIsland,EPennsylvania,NewJersey,Maryland,Delaware,WestVirginia,Virginia,EKentucky,WNorthCarolina,ETennessee,NWSouthCarolina,andNGeorgia(USA). S.a.alleniR.H.Baker,1951—SCTexas(USA). S.a.anastasaeBangs,1898—AnastasiaI,Florida(USA). S.a.aereusBangs,1896—SKansas,Oklahoma,NETexas,Arkansas,andLouisiana(USA). S.a.australisF.M.Chapman,1893—SEGeorgiaandmostofFlorida(USA). S.a.bassiA.H.Howell,1939—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityinS.a.County,EFlorida(USA). S.a.carytH.H.T.Jackson,1914—SSouthDakota,SEWyoming,NEColorado,W&CNebraska,andNWKansas(USA). S.a.howelliH.H.T.Jackson,1914—Mississippi,SELouisiana,Alabama,extremeNWFlorida,W&NGeorgia,mostofNorthandSouthCarolina,andextremeSCVirginia(USA). S.a.inflatusH.H.T.Jackson,1914—extremeSTexas(USA)andNETamaulipas(Mexico). S.a.machrinoidesH.H.T.Jackson,1914—SMinnesota,ENebraska,Iowa,EKansas,Missouri,NEOklahoma,andNArkansas(USA). S.a.machrinusRafinesque,1832—SOntario(Canada)andWisconsin,Michigan,IIlinois,Indiana,Ohio,W&CKentucky,WWestVirginia,andW&CTennessee(USA). S.a.montanusR.H.Baker,1951—NCoahuila(Mexico)andadjacentTexas(USA). S.a.nanusW.B.Davis,1942—ETexas(USA). S.a.parvusRhoads,1894—EFlorida(USA). S.a.porteriSchwartz,1952—SFlorida(USA). S. a. texanusJ. A. Allen, 1893 — Presidio County, SW Texas (USA). in Talpidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.a.aquaticusLinnaeus,1758—Massachusetts,SENewYork,Connecticut,RhodeIsland,EPennsylvania,NewJersey,Maryland,Delaware,WestVirginia,Virginia,EKentucky,WNorthCarolina,ETennessee,NWSouthCarolina,andNGeorgia(USA). S.a.alleniR.H.Baker,1951—SCTexas(USA). S.a.anastasaeBangs,1898—AnastasiaI,Florida(USA). S.a.aereusBangs,1896—SKansas,Oklahoma,NETexas,Arkansas,andLouisiana(USA). S.a.australisF.M.Chapman,1893—SEGeorgiaandmostofFlorida(USA). S.a.bassiA.H.Howell,1939—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityinS.a.County,EFlorida(USA). S.a.carytH.H.T.Jackson,1914—SSouthDakota,SEWyoming,NEColorado,W&CNebraska,andNWKansas(USA). S.a.howelliH.H.T.Jackson,1914—Mississippi,SELouisiana,Alabama,extremeNWFlorida,W&NGeorgia,mostofNorthandSouthCarolina,andextremeSCVirginia(USA). S.a.inflatusH.H.T.Jackson,1914—extremeSTexas(USA)andNETamaulipas(Mexico). S.a.machrinoidesH.H.T.Jackson,1914—SMinnesota,ENebraska,Iowa,EKansas,Missouri,NEOklahoma,andNArkansas(USA). S.a.machrinusRafinesque,1832—SOntario(Canada)andWisconsin,Michigan,IIlinois,Indiana,Ohio,W&CKentucky,WWestVirginia,andW&CTennessee(USA). S.a.montanusR.H.Baker,1951—NCoahuila(Mexico)andadjacentTexas(USA). S.a.nanusW.B.Davis,1942—ETexas(USA). S.a.parvusRhoads,1894—EFlorida(USA). S.a.porteriSchwartz,1952—SFlorida(USA). S. a. texanusJ. A. Allen, 1893 — Presidio County, SW Texas (USA).

Distribution. SE Canada (S Ontario and S Quebec) and NE USA (W Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, N Connecticut, N Rhode Island, Ohio, Pennsylvania, N New Jersey, West Virginia, NW Maryland, W Virginia, E Kentucky, E Tennessee, W North Carolina, extreme NE Georgia, and extreme NW South Carolina). in Talpidae

Distribution. SE Canada (S Ontario and S Quebec) and NE USA (W Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Massachusetts, N Connecticut, N Rhode Island, Ohio, Pennsylvania, N New Jersey, West Virginia, NW Maryland, W Virginia, E Kentucky, E Tennessee, W North Carolina, extreme NE Georgia, and extreme NW South Carolina).

Subspecies and Distribution. N.g.gibbsuiBaird,1858—SWBritishColumbia(Canada)andNWUSA(WCWashington,WOregon,andNWCaliforniaasfarSasSanBenitoCounty);alsoonDestructionI,Washington. N.g.hyacinthinusBangs,1897—WCCalifornia(USA). N. g. minor Dalquest & Burgner, 1941 — extreme SW British Columbia (Canada) and coastal zone of Washington (USA). in Talpidae

Subspecies and Distribution. N.g.gibbsuiBaird,1858—SWBritishColumbia(Canada)andNWUSA(WCWashington,WOregon,andNWCaliforniaasfarSasSanBenitoCounty);alsoonDestructionI,Washington. N.g.hyacinthinusBangs,1897—WCCalifornia(USA). N. g. minor Dalquest & Burgner, 1941 — extreme SW British Columbia (Canada) and coastal zone of Washington (USA).

Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.orariusTrue,1896—PacificcoastofUSA(WWashington,includingVashon-MauryI,W&COregon,andNWCalifornia). S. o. schefferi H. H. T. Jackson, 1915 — extreme SW Canada (SW British Columbia) and NW USA (C & E Washington, NE Oregon, and very marginally WC Idaho in Adams and Washington counties). in Talpidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.orariusTrue,1896—PacificcoastofUSA(WWashington,includingVashon-MauryI,W&COregon,andNWCalifornia). S. o. schefferi H. H. T. Jackson, 1915 — extreme SW Canada (SW British Columbia) and NW USA (C & E Washington, NE Oregon, and very marginally WC Idaho in Adams and Washington counties).