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727 results for “Viral infections”
Evaluating Host and Viral Factors Among HIV Infected Former Commercial Blood Donors in Fuyang, Anhui Province, China
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00346762. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Response Guided Treatment With Direct Acting Anti-Viral Medications for Chronic HCV Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03603327. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Antibiotic Therapy in Viral Airway Infections
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05045612. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Viral Infections of the Central Nervous System: Diagnosis and Clinical Outcome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07358117. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
A Study to Investigate the Effect of Probiotics (L. Reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and L. Reuteri DSM 17938) on Symptoms of Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06205966. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study to Assess Safety and Feasibility of Direct Infusions of Donor-derived Virus-specific T-cells in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation With Post-transplant Viral Infections Usin
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02007356. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Exploring an alternative explanation for the second phase of viral decay: infection of short-lived cells in a drug-limited compartment during HAART
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Co-infection best predicts respiratory viral infection in a wild host
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Data from: Individual consumption of supplemental food as a predictor of reproductive performance and viral infection intensity
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Data from: Viral infection causes sex-specific changes in fruit fly social aggregation behaviour
Host behavioural changes following infection are common and could be important determinants of host behavioural competence to transmit pathogens. Identifying potential sources of variation in sickness behaviours is therefore central to our understanding of disease transmission. Here, we test how group social aggregation and individual locomotor activity vary between different genotypes of male and female fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) following septic infection with Drosophila C Virus. We find genetic-based variation in both locomotor activity and social aggregation but we did not detect an effect of DCV infection on fly activity or sleep patterns within the initial days following infection. However, DCV infection caused sex-specific effects on social aggregation, as male flies in most genetic backgrounds increased the distance to their nearest neighbour when infected. We discuss possible causes for these differences in the context of individual variation in immunity and their potential consequences for disease transmission.
Data from: Multiplicity of infection does not accelerate infectivity evolution of viral parasites in laboratory microcosms
Coinfection with multiple parasite genotypes (multiplicity of infection) creates within-host competition and opportunities for parasite recombination, and is therefore predicted to be important for both parasite and host evolution. We tested for a difference in the infectivity of viral parasites (lytic phage Φ2) and resistance of their bacterial hosts (Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25) under both high and low multiplicity of infection (MOI) during coevolution in laboratory microcosms. Results show that MOI has no effect on infectivity and resistance evolution during coevolution over approximately 80 generations of host growth, and this is true when the experiment is initiated with wild-type viruses and hosts, or with viruses and hosts that have already been coevolving for ~330 generations. This suggests that MOI does not have a net effect of accelerating parasite adaptation to hosts through recombination, or retarding adaptation to hosts through between-parasite conflict in this system.
Data from: Resveratrol supplementation reduces oxidative stress and modulates the immune response in free-living animals during a viral infection
1. Diet quality may have an important effect on the regulation of oxidative status and the immune system during an infectious disease. However, the relationship among intake of specific dietary molecules, an individual's oxidative status and the occurrence and progress of a viral disease remains almost unexplored in free-living organisms. 2. Here, we study a wild, long-lived animal, the Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens to investigate: i) the differences in a number of physiological traits (biomarkers of blood oxidative status, corticosterone (CORT), immunity, and inflammation) between sick and healthy nestlings; and ii) whether experimentally increased intake of resveratrol (a polyphenol with antioxidant and antiviral properties) affects these physiological markers during the progress of a severe viral disease. 3. Birds with visible clinical signs showed higher oxidative damage, hemolysis and hemagglutination scores, and lower antioxidant defenses in comparison to birds without clinical signs. At the end of the experiment, supplemented birds showed: i) increased plasma haptoglobin levels and circulating antioxidant defenses; ii) reduced generation of lipid oxidative damage; and iii) negligible to no influence on immune markers, baseline CORT levels, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. 4. Our work illustrates how the availability of specific organic molecules in the diet may constrain the individuals' capacity to cope with viral infections in free-living animals.
Data from: A genotypic trade-off between constitutive resistance to viral infection and host growth rate
Genotypic trade-offs are fundamental to the understanding of the evolution of life-history traits. In particular, the evolution of optimal host defence and the maintenance of variation in defence against infectious disease is thought to be underpinned by such evolutionary trade-offs. However, empirical demonstrations of these trade-offs that satisfy the strict assumptions made by theoretical models are rare. Additionally, none of these trade-offs have yet been shown to be robustly replicable using a variety of different experimental approaches to rule out confounding issues with particular experimental designs. Here, we use inbred isolines as a novel experimental approach to test whether a trade-off between viral resistance and growth rate in Plodia interpunctella, previously demonstrated by multiple selection experiments, is robust and meets the strict criteria required to underpin theoretical work in this field. Critically, we demonstrate that this trade-off is both genetic and constitutive. This finding helps support the large body of theory which relies on these assumptions, and makes this trade-off for resistance unique in being replicated through multiple experimental approaches and definitively shown to be genetic and constitutive.
Data from: Transgenerational effects modulate density-dependent prophylactic resistance to viral infection in a lepidopteran pest
There is an increasing appreciation of the importance of transgenerational effects on offspring fitness, including in relation to immune function and disease resistance. Here, we assess the impact of parental rearing density on offspring resistance to viral challenge in an insect species expressing density-dependent prophylaxis (DDP); i.e. the adaptive increase in resistance or tolerance to pathogen infection in response to crowding. We quantified survival rates in larvae of the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) from either gregarious- or solitary-reared parents following challenge with the baculovirus S. littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. Larvae from both the parental and offspring generations exhibited DDP, with gregarious-reared larvae having higher survival rates post-challenge than solitary-reared larvae. Within each of these categories, however, survival following infection was lower in those larvae from gregarious-reared parents than those from solitary-reared, consistent with a transgenerational cost of DDP immune upregulation. This observation demonstrates that crowding influences lepidopteran disease resistance over multiple generations, with potential implications for the dynamics of host–pathogen interactions.
DIFFERENTIATED APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS COMPLICATED BY BACTERIAL, FUNGAL AND VIRAL INFECTION
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Influence of diet, sex and viral infections on the gut microbiota composition of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars
<p>Gut microbiota plays essential roles in very diverse processes in all organisms, including insects. Previous studies have shown that changes in gut bacterial composition of caterpillars affects to the insecticidal properties of entomopathogens, opening the possibility of improving the use of entomopathogens in pest control by manipulation of the host microbiota To do that, a better characterization of the host gut microbiota and its interaction with other microbial agents is required. Here we have analysed the gut microbiota of larvae from the major pest Spodoptera exigua under different conditions, and the results have revealed a high variability among individuals and a major influence of the environmental bacteria. These observations suggest the lack of a resident microbiota as it was already claimed for other species of caterpillars. In addition, insects naturally infected with viruses showed a different microbiota composition in comparison with virus-free insects and few taxa specifically associated to the infection have been identified.<a> </a></p>
Data and code for "The restriction factor pastrel is associated with host vigor, viral titer, and variation in disease tolerance during Drosophila C Virus infection"
<p>Raw data and R code for:</p> <p>Kutzer M, Gupta V, Neophytou K, Doublet V, Monteith KM, Vale PF. The restriction factor pastrel is associated with host vigor, viral titer, and variation in disease tolerance during Drosophila C Virus infection. bioRxiv. 2022; 2022.06.09.495537. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.09.495537">10.1101/2022.06.09.495537</a></p> <p>Data files are:</p> <p>titre.csv. -viral titre for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, 6 doses of DCV, measured 3 days post-infection<br> survival.csv -survival for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, 6 doses of DCV.<br> fecundity.csv - number of offspring produced by females of 10 DGRP lines when infected with 6 doses of DCV.<br> expression_MK. Baseline and infected expression of G9a and Upd3 for 10 DGRP lines, males and females, following exposure to 10e7 DCV IU/ml.</p>
Inverse design of viral infectivity-enhancing peptide fibrils from continuous protein-vector embeddings
<p>The Tables S3 - S5 are a supplement for the article "Inverse design of viral infectivity-enhancing peptide fibrils from continuous protein-vector embeddings" uploaded as a Preprint in ChemRxiv DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-1kqm3</p>
Safety, Efficacy, Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals' HBV Viral Vector and Adjuvanted Proteins Vaccine (GSK3528869A) in Adult Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03866187. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 9. Publications: 0.
COVID 19 Viral Clearance Among the Infected Healthcare Workers In Assiut University Hospitals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04409574. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 4.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.