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125 results for “Water bug”
Data from: Long-branch attraction and the phylogeny of true water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha) as estimated from mitochondrial genomes
Background: Most previous studies of morphological and molecular data have consistently supported the monophyly of the true water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha). An exception is a recent study by Hua et al. (2009; BMC Evol Biol 9: 134) based on nine nepomorphan mitochondrial genomes. In the analysis of Hua et al. (2009), the water bugs in the group Pleoidea formed the sister group to a clade that consisted of Nepomorpha (the remaining true water bugs) + Leptopodomorpha (shore bugs) + Cimicomorpha (assassin bugs and relatives) + Pentatomomorpha (stink bugs and relatives), thereby suggesting that fully aquatic hemipterans evolved independently at least twice. Based on these results, Hua et al. (2009) elevated the Pleoidea to a new infraorder, the Plemorpha. Results: Our reanalysis suggests that the lack of support for the monophyly of the true water bugs (including Pleoidea) by Hua et al. (2009) likely resulted from inadequate taxon sampling. In particular, long-branch attraction (LBA) between the distant outgroup taxa and Pleoidea, as well as LBA among taxa in the ingroup, made Nepomorpha appear to be polyphyletic. We used three complementary strategies to test and alleviate the effects of LBA: (1) the removal of distant outgroups from the analysis; (2) the addition of closely related outgroups; and (3) the addition of a mitochondrial genome from a second family of Pleoidea. We also performed likelihood-ratio tests to examine the support for monophyly of Nepomorpha with different combinations of taxa included in the analysis. Furthermore, we found that specimens of Helotrephes sp. were misidentified as Paraplea frontalis (Fieber, 1844) by Hua et al. (2009). Conclusions: All analyses that included the addition of more taxa significantly and consistently supported the placement of Pleoidea within the Nepomorpha (i.e., supported the monophyly of the traditional true water bugs). Our analyses further support a close relationship between Notonectoidea and Pleoidea within Nepomorpha, and the superfamilies Nepoidea, Ochteroidea, Naucoroidea, and Pleoidea are resolved as monophyletic in all trees with strong support. Our results also confirmed that monophyly of Nepomorpha clearly is not refuted by the mitochondrial genome data.
Data from: Young giant water bug nymphs prefer larger prey: changes in foraging behavior with nymphal growth in Kirkaldyia deyrolli
Raptorial characteristics may evolve in predators because of their importance in obtaining food. The giant water bug, Kirkaldyia deyrolli, possesses a claw on the terminal segment of the raptorial foreleg that is crucial for capturing prey. Claw curvature has been previously shown to change during growth in this species, but the adaptive significance of this change has not yet been explored. Predation experiments have demonstrated that young nymphs with highly curved claws caught proportionally larger prey than older nymphs with less-curved claws. Catching behaviours for a certain prey size differed significantly between young and older nymphs. The observation that nymphal growth affects prey-catching behaviour in the giant water bug supports the hypothesis that predators can change catching behaviours based on changes in raptorial characteristics in order to maximize prey resources acquired at each developmental stage.
FIGURE 4 in Checklist of water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) of Slovakia
FIGURE 4. Frequency of occurrence of water bugs in Slovakia.
FIGURE 11 in Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia
FIGURE 11. Habitus of: A. Corixa panzeri; B. Parasigara favieri.
FIGURE 9 in Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia
FIGURE 9. Habitus of: A. Nepa cinerea; B. Ranatra linearis.
FIGURE 8. A in Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia
FIGURE 8. A. Distribution of Notonecta maculata. B. Distribution of Plea minutissima minutissima.
FIGURE 12 in Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia
FIGURE 12. Habitus of: A. Sigara (Vermicorixa) lateralis; B. Naucoris maculatus conspersus.
FIGURE 2. A in Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia
FIGURE 2. A. Distribution of Ranatra linearis. B. Distribution of Ochterus marginatus marginatus.
FIGURE 1. A in Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia
FIGURE 1. A. Map of the collecting stations in North Tunisia. B. Distribution of Nepa cinerea.
FIGURE 13 in Checklist, distribution, and a new record of Nepomorphan water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Tunisia
FIGURE 13. Habitus of: A. Anisops debilis perplexus; B. Notonecta glauca glauca.
FIGURE 33 in Descriptions of new species and new records of water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha) from southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 33. Distribution of Hydrometra tuberculata Cordeiro, Rodrigues & Moreira, sp. nov.
FIGURE 29 in Descriptions of new species and new records of water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha) from southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 29. Distribution of Hydrometra ruschii Cordeiro, Rodrigues & Moreira, sp. nov.
Genome-wide molecular phylogenetic analyses and mating experiments which reveal the evolutionary history and an intermediate stage of speciation of a giant water bug
<p>The intermediate stages of speciation are important for understanding the processes involved in the creation of biodiversity, and also comprise a number of interesting phenomena. However, difficulties are associated with dividing clear speciation stages because speciation is a continuous process. Therefore, the elucidation of speciation is an interesting and important task in evolutionary biology. We herein present an example of a species in an intermediate stage of speciation using the giant water bug <i>Appasus japonicus</i> (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) that was investigated using mating experiments and phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA <i>COI</i> (658 bp) and 16S rRNA (435 bp) regions, and nDNA SSR (13 loci) and its genome-wide SNPs (11,241 SNPs). The results of our phylogenetic analyses based on their mtDNA dataset and the genome-wide SNPs dataset strongly supported the paraphyly of the Japanese populations. Therefore, it is suggested that their ancestral lineage which being distributed in the Japanese Archipelago subsequently migrated to the Eurasian Continent (i.e., "back-dispersal" occurred). Furthermore, the results of the mating experiments suggested that among <i>A. japonicus</i>, even between closely related lineages, pre-mating reproductive isolation has been established by the differentiation of copulatory organ morphologies. In contrast, pre-mating reproductive isolation is not established in the absence of the differentiation of copulatory organ morphologies, even if genetic differentiation is prominent. These results suggested that their phylogenetic distance does not predict pre-mating reproductive isolation. Furthermore, in the present study, we present a clear example of pre-mating reproductive isolation driving speciation between closely related lineages.</p>
FIGURE 256 in A comparison of external and internal maxilla and mandible morphology of water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha)
FIGURE 256. Examples of diversified characters of the mandibular file in the Nepomorpha.
Data from: Young giant water bug nymphs prefer larger prey: changes in foraging behavior with nymphal growth in Kirkaldyia deyrolli
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Genome-wide molecular phylogenetic analyses and mating experiments which reveal the evolutionary history and an intermediate stage of speciation of a giant water bug
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Long-branch attraction and the phylogeny of true water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha) as estimated from mitochondrial genomes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 52 in Descriptions of new species and new records of water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha) from southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 52. Distribution in southeastern Brazil and adjacent areas. A. Oiovelia brasiliensis. B. Oiovelia cunucunumana. C. Oiovelia machadoi. D. Oiovelia viannai. Stars indicate new records; circles indicate previous records.
FIGURES 246–255 in A comparison of external and internal maxilla and mandible morphology of water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha)
FIGURES 246–255. The shapes of the apices of the maxillae, the shape of the mandibular file, and the shape of the rupturing device on the maxillae in the Corixidae: Corixinae; 246–247. Agraptocorixa hyalinipennis, 246. The the apex of left maxilla is narrow has hook, a part of the left mandible (Lmd) is visible; 247. The apex of the right maxilla with seven short spines (sph), the apex of the left maxilla with a long hook (ho); 248–249. Corixa punctata, 248. A part of the left mandible, the two plates (pm) only are visible; 249. The edge of the right maxilla with short spines (sph); Stenocorixinae; 250. Stenocorixa protrusa, the apex of the left maxilla with a hook (ho), the left mandibular file with plates (pm); 251. Ectemnostegella montana, the apex of the left maxilla ended by a sharp hook (ho) and the right mandibular file (Rmd) with several massive plates (pm); Cymatiinae; 252–253. Cymatia coleoptrata; 252. The mandibular file with seven massive plates (pm); 253. The shape of ends of the maxillae; Micronectidae; 254. Micronecta quadristrigata, the left mandibular file with seven plates (pm), the left maxilla partly visible; Diaprepocoridae; 255. Diaprepocoris zealandiae, the right mandibular file with seven plates (pm).
FIGURES 125–134 in A comparison of external and internal maxilla and mandible morphology of water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha)
FIGURES 125–134. The shapes of the apices of the maxillae, the shape of the mandibular file, and the shape of the rupturing device on the maxillae in the Nepidae: Ranatrinae; 125–128. Cercotmetus asiaticus; 125. The right mandibular file (Rmd) with the numbers of spines (No. 1, 2, 3, 4); 126. The shape of the apices of the left and right maxilla, the apex on the left maxilla is slightly curved; 127. The left maxilla with row of bristles (brvex); 128. The part of the right maxilla is equipped with bristles (brvex) and spines (spivn); 129–132. Ranatra chinensis, 129. Inner view of the left maxilla, rows of bristles are visible; 130–131. The ventral rupturing device (brvex) on the maxillae; 132. The left mandibular (Lmd) fie with four spines; 133–134. Ranatra linearis; 133. Distal part of the maxillae, the rupturing device is exhibited (brvex); 134. The left mandibular file with four spines (No. 1, 2, 3, 4).
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