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445 results for “abiotic”
Fig. 1 in Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on flea species population dynamics on Lasiopodomys brandtii
Fig. 1. Map of the study area.
Data from: Biotic and abiotic modifications of leaf litter during dry periods affect litter mass loss and nitrogen loss during wet periods
1. Decomposition of organic matter in semiarid ecosystems is a key component of the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. The well-known inaccuracies in predicting litter decay in water-limited regions were lessened by considering solar radiation as an abiotic decay driver of photodegradation. Moreover, exposure to high solar irradiance in dry periods often led to massive facilitation of litter decay in subsequent wet periods ("photoacceleration"), though in many studies this effect was absent. 2. Recently, water vapor and dew were identified as modulators enabling substantial microbial degradation during rainless periods. Here we asked, (i) if the activity of microorganisms modifies litter traits, such as litter quality and microbial community in dry periods, consequently altering the loss of litter mass and nitrogen (N) in wet periods, and (ii) whether it can co-occur with photoacceleration. 3. By successively introducing litter to the field at the beginning and the end of the dry season, we found that microbial activity during the dry season affected litter mass and N loss during the wet season. Low microbial activity in the dry season led to inhibition of mass loss in the wet season, while high microbial activity led to facilitation of mass loss. Microbial activity during the dry season also caused strong inhibition of N loss from litter during the wet season, likely by enhancing the dry-season N loss. A microclimate manipulation experiment using radiation filters showed that microbial activity and exposure to solar radiation jointly modified the litter during the dry season and affected subsequent decay in the wet season. 4. Knowledge of biotic and abiotic modifications of litter during dry periods and their implication for wet periods enhances our understanding of litter decay in semiarid regions. Furthermore, it can improve biogeochemical model predictions of C and N cycling in
Do early-successional weeds facilitate or compete with seedlings in forest restoration? Disentangling abiotic vs. biotic factors
<p>Census data for seedlings part of a weed exclusion experiment at Sal del Rey, Texas within a larger field where ~100,000 seedlings were planted in October-November 2018. Records seedling height, vigor (0 - dead, > 0 - alive), branching, and animal damage for 158 individuals of eight species classified by growth habit (fast/slow) and distributed in control and exclusion (mowed) plots across seven censuses.</p>
Fig. 1 in Fish larvae from the upper Paraná River: Do abiotic factors affect larval density?
Fig. 1. Map of the upper Paraná River showing the location of the sampling stations.
Social and abiotic factors differentially affect plumage ornamentation of young and old males in an Australian songbird
<p>Both abiotic environmental conditions and variation in social environment are known to impact the acquisition of sexual signals. However, the influences of abiotic environmental and social factors are rarely compared to each other. Here we test the relative importance of these factors in determining whether and when male red-backed fairywrens (<i>Malurus melanocephalus</i>) moult into a known sexual signal, ornamented breeding plumage. One-year-old male red-backed fairywrens vary in whether or not they acquire ornamentation, whereas males age two and older vary in their timing of ornament acquisition. It is unclear whether these processes are determined by the same or different factors and we examine both events using a combination of long-term breeding records and non-breeding social networks. We found that one-year-old males that paired prior to the start of the breeding season were more likely to acquire ornamented plumage, but rainfall did not influence whether one-year-old males acquired ornamented plumage. Thus, for young individuals, social cues appear to play a larger role than abiotic environmental factors in determining ornament acquisition. For older males, timing of ornamented plumage acquisition was constrained by rainfall, with drier non-breeding seasons leading to poorer physiological condition and later moult dates. Thus, sexual signal variation in older males appears to be a condition-dependent trait, driven by abiotic environmental and physiological factors rather than social cues. These findings reveal that factors influencing sexual signal expression can vary with age when age classes exhibit different forms of signal variation. Our results suggest that social environment may drive sexual signal variation in young individuals, whereas abiotic environmental variation may drive sexual signal variation in older individuals.</p>
Abiotic and biotic drivers of tree trait effects on soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentration
<p>Forests are critical ecosystems to understand the global carbon budget, due to their carbon sequestration potential in both above- and belowground compartments, especially in species-rich forests. Soil carbon sequestration is strongly linked to soil microbial communities, and this link is mediated by the tree community, likely due to modifications of micro-environmental conditions (i.e., biotic conditions, soil properties, and microclimate). We studied soil carbon concentration and the soil microbial biomass of 180 local neighborhoods along a gradient of tree species richness ranging from 1 to 16 tree species per plot in a Chinese subtropical forest experiment (BEF-China). Tree productivity and different tree functional traits were measured at the neighborhood level. We tested the effects of tree productivity, functional trait identity and dissimilarity on soil carbon concentrations, and their mediation by the soil microbial biomass and micro-environmental conditions. Our analyses showed a strong positive correlation between soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentrations. Besides, soil carbon concentration increased with tree productivity and tree root diameter while it decreased with litterfall C:N content. Moreover, tree productivity and tree functional traits (e.g. root fungal association and litterfall C:N ratio) modulated micro-environmental conditions with substantial consequences for soil microbial biomass. We also showed that soil history and topography should be considered in future experiments and tree plantations, as soil carbon concentrations were higher where historical (i.e., at the beginning of the experiment) carbon concentrations were high, themselves being strongly affected by the topography. Altogether, these results imply that the quantification of the different soil carbon pools is critical for understanding microbial community–soil carbon stock relationships and their dependence on tree diversity and micro-environmental conditions.</p>
Dataset for: Long-term soil warming decreases microbial phosphorus utilization by increasing abiotic phosphorus sorption and losses
<p><span>Phosphorus (P) is an essential and often limiting element that could play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate warming. However, it has yet remained unclear how different P cycling processes are affected by warming. Here we investigated the response of soil P pools and P cycling processes in a mountain forest after 14 years of soil warming (+4°C). Long-term warming decreased soil total P pools, likely due to higher outputs of P from soils by increasing net plant P uptake and downward transportation of colloidal and particulate P. Warming increased the sorption strength to more recalcitrant soil P fractions (absorbed to iron oxyhydroxides and clays), thereby further reducing bioavailable P in soil solution. As a response, soil microbes enhanced the production of acid phosphatase, though this was not sufficient to avoid decreases of soil bioavailable P and microbial biomass P (and biotic phosphate immobilization). This study therefore highlights how long-term soil warming triggers changes in biotic and abiotic soil P pools and processes, which can potentially aggravate the P constraints of the trees and soil microbes and thereby negatively affect the C sequestration potential of these forests.</span></p>
Biotic and abiotic drivers of coalescence asymmetry between soil and manure microbiomes
<p>The dataset includes bacterial and fungal OTU tables for all soil and manure samples after 180 days incubation, bacterial and fungal OTU abundance tables, the data for variance partitioning analysis, and the phylogenetic trees for calculating MNTD.</p>
Biotic and abiotic data for: European Benthic survey of seagrass-lucinid mutualism
<p>Coastal ecosystem functioning often hinges on habitat-forming foundation species that engage in positive interactions (e.g. facilitation and mutualism) to reduce environmental stress. Seagrasses are important foundation species in coastal zones but are rapidly declining with losses typically linked to intensifying global change-related environmental stress. There is growing evidence that loss or disruption of positive interactions can amplify coastal ecosystem degradation as it compromises its stress-mitigating capacity. Multiple recent studies highlight that seagrass can engage in a facultative mutualistic relationship with lucinid bivalves that alleviate sulphide toxicity. So far, however, the generality of this mutualism, and how its strength and relative importance depend on environmental conditions, remains to be investigated. Here we study the importance of the seagrass-lucinid mutualistic interaction on a continental scale using a field survey across Europe. We found that the lucinid bivalve <em>Loripes</em> <em>orbiculatus</em> is associated with the seagrasses <em>Zostera</em> <em>noltii</em> and <em>Zostera</em> <em>marina</em> across a large latitudinal range. At locations where the average minimum temperature was above 1°C, <em>L. orbiculatus</em> was present in 79% of the <em>Zostera</em> meadows; whereas, it was absent below this temperature. At locations above this minimum temperature threshold, mud content was the second most important determinant explaining the presence or absence of <em>L. orbiculatus</em>. Further analyses suggest that the presence of the lucinids have a positive effect on seagrass biomass by mitigating sulphide stress. Finally, results of a structural equation model (SEM) support the existence of a mutualistic feedback between <em>L. orbiculatus</em> and <em>Z. noltii</em>. We argue that this seagrass-lucinid mutualism should be more solidly integrated into management practices to improve seagrass ecosystem resilience to global change as well as the success of restoration efforts.</p>
Seed limitation interacts with biotic and abiotic factors to constrain novel species' impact on community biomass and richness
<p>Seed limitation can narrow down the number of coexisting plant species, limit plant community productivity, and can also constrain community responses to changing environmental and biotic conditions. In a 10-year full-factorial experiment of seed addition, fertilisation, warming, and herbivore exclusion, we tested how seed addition alters community richness and biomass, and how its effects depend on seed origin and biotic and abiotic context. We found that seed addition increased species richness in all treatments, and increased plant community biomass depending on nutrient addition and warming. Novel species, originally absent from the communities, increased biomass the most, especially in fertilised plots and in the absence of herbivores, while adding seeds of local species did not affect biomass. Our results show that seed limitation constrains both community richness and biomass, and highlight the importance of considering trophic interactions and soil nutrients when assessing novel species immigrations and their effects on community biomass.</p>
Putative signals of generalist plant species adaptation to local pollinator communities and abiotic factors
<p>The reproductive success of flowering plants with generalized pollination systems is influenced by the interactions with a diverse pollinator community and abiotic factors. However, knowledge about the adaptative potential of plants to complex ecological networks and the underlying genetic mechanisms is still limited. Based on a pool-sequencing approach of 21 natural populations of <em>Brassica incana</em> in Southern Italy, we combined a genome-environmental association analysis with a genome scan for signals of population genomic differentiation to discover genetic variants associated with ecological variation. We identified genomic regions putatively involved in the adaptation of <em>B. incana</em> to the identity of local pollinator functional categories and pollinator community composition. Interestingly, we observed several shared candidate genes associated with long-tongue bees, soil texture, and temperature variation. We established a genomic map of potential generalist flowering plant local adaptation to complex biotic interactions, and the importance of considering multiple environmental factors to describe the adaptive landscape of plant populations.</p>
Snakes on a plain: Complex biotic and abiotic factors determine venom variation in North America's widest-ranging rattlesnake
<p><strong>Background</strong>. Snake venoms are trophic adaptations that represent an ideal model to examine the evolutionary factors that shape polymorphic traits under strong natural selection. Venom compositional variation is substantial within and among venomous snake species. However, the forces shaping this phenotypic complexity, as well as the potential integrated roles of biotic and abiotic factors, have received little attention. Here, we investigate geographic variation in venom composition in a wide-ranging rattlesnake (<em>Crotalus viridis viridis</em>) and contextualize this variation by investigating dietary, phylogenetic, and environmental variables that covary with venom.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>. Using shotgun proteomics, venom biochemical profiling, and lethality assays, we identify 2 distinct divergent phenotypes that characterize major axes of venom variation in this species: a myotoxin-rich phenotype and a snake venom metalloprotease (SVMP)-rich phenotype. We find that dietary availability and temperature-related abiotic factors are correlated with geographic trends in venom composition.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. Our findings highlight the potential for snake venoms to vary extensively within species, for this variation to be driven by biotic and abiotic factors, and for the importance of integrating biotic and abiotic variation for understanding complex trait evolution. Links between venom variation and variation in biotic and abiotic factors indicate that venom variation likely results from substantial geographic variation in selection regimes that determine the efficacy of venom phenotypes across populations and snake species. Our results highlight the <a>implicit </a>influence of abiotic factors on biotic factors that ultimately shape venom phenotype, providing evidence for a central role of local selection as a key driver of venom variation.</p>
Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra of the paper "Untangling the role of biotic and abiotic ageing of various environmental plastics toward the sorption of metals"
<p>The dataset include Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra of UV aged and biofouled environmental plastics, used for the publication "Untangling the role of biotic and abiotic ageing of various environmental plastics toward the sorption of metals" (the paper is available at the following link: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164807">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164807</a>).</p> <p>The dataset is organized as follows:</p> <p>-All samples contains metadata considering polymer type (polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE)), the type of ageing treatment (UV ageing, biofouling and UV ageing-biofouling), the amount of time (in hours) of treatment and the number of replicate sample analyzed.</p> <p>-for every sample the raw data (scaled for the maximum absorbance value) of the FT-IR spectrum is given.</p> <p>Further experimental details are listed in the manuscript text.</p>
Biotic and abiotic factors controlling spatial variation of mean carbon turnover time in forest soil
<p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <p>This dataset is associated with the paper "Biotic and abiotic factors controlling spatial variation of mean carbon turnover time in forest soil". This dataset includes the soil organic carbon turnover time (τ<sub>soc</sub>) based on radiocarbon signals at the global and regional scales.</p> <p><strong>Global synthesis</strong></p> <p>The analysis of global soil radiocarbon data was done using the International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD v.1.0; Lawrence et al., 2020). ISRaD is an open source data with the records of 8 biomes (<em>i.e.,</em> forest, grassland, cropland, shrubland, savanna, tundra, permafrost, and others). Since we focus on the turnover time of SOC (τ<sub>soc</sub>) based on radiocarbon occurring in the natural forest ecosystem, so we limited our study to data from soil depth within 200 cm in the forest ecosystem. We built a database of radiocarbon-based soil turnover time (τ<sub>soc</sub>) of 1897 soil samples from 245 forest locations worldwide. It covers a wide geographical range (35.65 <sup>o</sup>S ‒ 68.8 <sup>o</sup>N; 159.64 °W – 173.57 °E) and a broad nature climate zone (-5.2 <sup>o</sup>C to 40.0<sup> o</sup>C; 58.66 mm to 6900 mm) over the half a century (1958 – 2017). Where forest age is missing, we derived it from The global forest age dataset (GFAD v 1.0; Poulter et al., 2018). The GFAD database represents the distribution of forest stand age during 2000 – 2010 years.</p> <p><strong>Regional analysis</strong></p> <p><strong> Soil sampling in forests across the Eastern Asian Monsoon region</strong></p> <p>We sampled soils from twelve permanent forest plots in five mountains in the Eastern Asian Monsoon region (Table 1, Figure 1, and S1). Five of the twelve forest plots are members of the Smithsonian Forest Global Earth Observatory network (ForestGEO, https://forestgeo.si.edu/; Anderson-Teixeira et al., 2018; Chu et al., 2019). The other seven forest plots are members of China's National Ecosystem Research Network (CNERN, http://www.cern.ac.cn). In the Eastern Asian Monsoon region, more than half of the total annual rainfall occurs in the summer season (<em>i.e.</em>, June, July, and August) (Tardif et al., 2020; Tian et al., 2003). We estimated the τ<sub>soc</sub> by the radiocarbon dating analysis of up to 100 cm of soil depth in each forest plot. For each plot, we separated the whole soil increment into the surface (0 – 30 cm) and deep (30 – 100 cm) layers to test the radiocarbon signal due to the high financial cost. Details of the location, climate, and vegetation for each sampling site are provided in Table 1 and Supplementary Text 1.</p> <p>Nine soil cores (2.5 cm in diameter) were collected in each forest plot, and a depth of 10 cm separated each soil column from 0 to 100 cm. In total, 108 soil profiles were sampled across the 12 forest plots. The accumulated aboveground litter was collected and measured in an area of 50 cm × 50 cm in each forest plot, with three replicates adjacent to each soil profile. Fine roots (< 2 mm in diameter) were manually picked from soil samples. The litter and root samples were dried at 65 °C for 48 hours using an oven and then weighed for dry mass. The elevation and other geographic information of each forest plot were measured during the soil sampling. </p>
Caenorhabditis presence and its association with microbiome and abiotic variables
<p>This file contains data and code for the research of Caenorhabditis presence and its association with microbiome and abiotic variables, Manu van Wing, BSc thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2023. It contains data on the presence of Caenorhabditis nematodes, the composition of the microbial communities at the sampling site, and the temperature, pH and soil water content of the sampling site.</p>
Taxonomic and functional biogeographies of soil bacterial communities across the Tibet plateau are better explained by abiotic conditions than distance and plant community composition
<p><span>The processes governing soil bacteria biogeography are still not fully understood. It remains unknown how the importance of environmental filtering and dispersal differs between bacterial taxonomic and functional biogeography, and whether their importance is scale-dependent. We sampled soils across the Tibet plateau, with distances among plots ranging from 20 m to 1,550 km. Taxonomic composition of bacterial community was characterized by 16S amplicon sequencing and functional community composition by qPCR targeting 9 functional groups involved in N dynamics. Factors representing climate, soil, and plant community were measured to assess different facets of environmental dissimilarity. Both bacterial taxonomic and functional dissimilarities were more related to abiotic dissimilarity than biotic (vegetation) dissimilarity or distance. Taxonomic dissimilarity was mostly explained by differences in soil pH and mean annual temperature (MAT), while functional dissimilarity was linked to differences in soil N and P availabilities and N:P ratio. Soil pH and MAT remained the main determinants of taxonomic dissimilarity across spatial scales. In contrast, the explanatory variables of N-related functional dissimilarity varied across the scales, with soil moisture and organic matter having the highest role across short distances (<~330 km), and available P, N:P ratio and distance being important over long distances (>~660 km). Our results demonstrate how biodiversity dimension (taxonomic versus functional aspects) and spatial scale influence the factors driving soil bacterial biogeography.</span></p>
Data from: Relationships between rhizosphere microbial communities, soil abiotic properties and root trait variation within a pine species
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Data from: Tillage intensity effects on soil abiotic and biotic characteristics determine <em>Zea mays</em> yield following extreme rainfall events
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Biotic filtering by species’ interactions constrains food-web variability across spatial and abiotic gradients
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Spatial ecology, biodiversity, and abiotic determinants of Congo’s bai ecosystem
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.