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Removal of contaminants of emerging concern from the supernatant of anaerobically digested sludge by O3 and O3/H2O2: Ozone requirements, effects of the matrix, and toxicity
<p>Digestate is a rich source of nutrients that can be applied in agricultural fields as fertilizer or irrigation water.<br>However, most of the research about application of digestate have focused on its agronomic properties and<br>neglected the potential harm of the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Aadvanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proved to be effective for removing these compounds from drinking water, yet there are some constrains to treat wastewater and digestate mainly due to their complex matrix. In this study, the feasibility to remove different CECs from digestate using O3 and O3/H2O2 was assessed, and the general effect of the matrix in the oxidation was explained. While the lab-scale ozonation provided an ozone dose of 1.49 mg O3/mg DOC in 5 h treatment, almost all the compounds were removed at a lower ozone dose of maximum 0.48 mg O3/ mg DOC; only ibuprofen required a higher dose of 1.1 mg O3/mg DOC to be oxidized. The digestate matrix slowed down the kinetic ozonation rate to approximately 1% compared to the removal rate in demineralized water. The combined treatment (O3/H2O2) showed the additional contribution of H2O2 by decreasing the ozone demand by 59–75% for all the compounds. The acute toxicity of the digestate, measured by the inhibition of Vibrio fisheries luminescence, decreased by 18.1% during 5 h ozonation, and by 34% during 5 h O3/H2O2 treatment. Despite the high ozone consumption, the ozone dose (mg O3/mg DOC) required to remove all CECs from digestate supernatant was in the range or lower than what has been reported for other (waste-)water matrix, implying that ozonation can be considered as a post-AD treatment to produce cleaner stream for agricultural purposes.</p>
Fig. 4 in New record of five anaerobic ciliate species from South Korea
Fig. 4. Plagiopyla frontata in life (A-E) and after protargol impregnation (F-H). A, B, E. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B, E) views showing the body shape, the striated band (arrow), and the oral apparatus. C. Ventral view of the oral region showing the oral tube curving upwards in the middle and the curved extrusomes (arrows). D. The caudal cilia and the terminal contractile vacuole. F-H. Dorsal (F, H) and ventral (G) view, showing the somatic ciliature, the striated band (arrows), and the dense ciliary rows left of cytoproct. BC, buccal cavity; CC, caudal cilia; CV, contractile vacuole; CY, cytostome; DC, dense ciliary rows; FV, food vacuole; MA, macronucleus. Scale bars 30 μm (A, B, E) and 20 μm C, D, F-H).
Figure 6 from: Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM, Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40: 89-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Figure 6 The ITS1 based maximum-likelihood tree is showing the phylogenetic position of Liebetanzomycespolymorphus with nearest uncultured clones and other members of phylum Neocallimastigomycota. Bootstrap values (>50%) based on 500 replicates are indicated at branching points. The GenBank accession number of each strain is listed in parentheses. Scale bar: 0.5 substitutions per site.
Figure 5 from: Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM, Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40: 89-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Figure 5 The LSU based maximum-likelihood tree is showing the phylogenetic position of Liebetanzomycespolymorphus with other members of phylum Neocallimastigomycota. Bootstrap values (>50%) based on 500 replicates are indicated at branching points. The GenBank accession number of each strain is listed in parentheses. Scale bar: 0.1 substitutions per site.
Figure 4 from: Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM, Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40: 89-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Figure 4 Phase contrast (A, C, E, G), fluorescence (B, D, F, H) and confocal (I) microscopic images of Liebetanzomycespolymorphus showing elongate (A–B) and triangular (C–D) sporangium filled with zoospores. Nuclei were seen in sporangium but not in sporangiophore (B) or rhizoidal system (F, H, I). No constrictions were observed in rhizoids. Scanning electron microscopy images of elongate (J) and globose (K) sporangium showing monocentric thallus. Scale bar: 20 µM (A–I); 10 µM (J–K).
Figure 2 from: Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM, Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40: 89-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Figure 2 Microscopic features of Liebetanzomycespolymorphus showing pleomorphism in sporangial and rhizoidal structures, when grown on different carbon sources like rice straw (A), wheat straw (B), cellulose (C), xylan (D), starch (E), cellobiose (F), lactose (G), maltose (H), sucrose (I), glucose (J), xylose (K) and fructose (L). The exogenous sporangia appearing on a sporangiophore (A–B) and endogenous sporangia of different shapes (C–L) are shown. Scale bar: 20 µM.
Figure 3 from: Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM, Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40: 89-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Figure 3 Microscopic images of Liebetanzomycespolymorphus. On rice straw (A–F) sporangia of varying sizes and shapes, like elongate (A), ellipsoid (B), ovoid (C), clavate (E) and globose (F). The zoospore cyst (A–C arrowed) is also visible, highlighting bipolar germination. Sporangiophore of varying length and shape, from short to long (A), sometimes eggcup shaped (C) and constricted (E arrowed) is shown. The sporangia with a papilla (D arrowed) and septum (B, C, D, E starred) are also indicated. Sporangia and thalli of irregular morphology on xylose (G–I) and cellobiose (J–L), including some pseudo-intercalary sporangia (J–L) can be observed. Scale bar: 20 µM.
Figure 1 from: Joshi A, Lanjekar VB, Dhakephalkar PK, Callaghan TM, Griffith GW, Dagar SS (2018) Liebetanzomyces polymorphus gen. et sp. nov., a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from the rumen of a goat. MycoKeys 40: 89-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.28337
Figure 1 Macroscopic and microscopic features of Liebetanzomycespolymorphus. Colony morphology on agar roll tubes (A–C), showing the development of a colony attached (A) to a straw particle (arrowed), dense growth in the centre surrounded by numerous sporangia and zoospores (B–C) causing expansion of colony size. Growth in liquid medium showing a biofilm-like growth (D). Zoospores are spherical and Uniflagellate (E–F) or biflagellate (G). Germinating zoospore (H) showing a zoospore cyst (arrowed), presence and absence of sporangiophore indicating the endogenous and exogenous type of sporangial development (I) and different shapes of sporangia (I, J). Early stages of thallus development showing a single (K), bifurcated (L) and multifurcated (M) rhizoidal system. Scale bar: 1 mm (A–C); 10 µM (E–M).
Chapter 5. Physiological stress response to sulfide exposure of freshwater anaerobic methanotrophic archaea
<p>Supplementary Tables 1-3.</p>
Figure 1 from: Callaghan TM, Podmirseg SM, Hohlweck D, Edwards JE, Puniya AK, Dagar SS, Griffith GW (2015) Buwchfawromyces eastonii gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from buffalo faeces. MycoKeys 9: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.9.9032
Figure 1 - Morphology of Buwchfawromyces eastonii. Sporangia are ovoid (A) to spherical (B), tending to be more elongate when growing on straw particles (C). Zoospores are uniformly monoflagellate (D). A distinct septum is visible where the sporangium is attached to the sporangiophore (A, E, G, H arrowed) and sporangiophores are often swollen (E–H). Nuclei were not observed in sporangiophores or rhizoids (F, H, I). Scalebar indicates 50 µm.
Figure 3 from: Callaghan TM, Podmirseg SM, Hohlweck D, Edwards JE, Puniya AK, Dagar SS, Griffith GW (2015) Buwchfawromyces eastonii gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from buffalo faeces. MycoKeys 9: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.9.9032
Figure 3 - Maximum likelihood tree based on alignment (357 bp) of the ITS1 region. Midpoint rooting was used to root the tree and bootstrap values over 70% are shown (1000 replicates). Scalebar shows the number of substitutions per site. Clades corresponding to the known genera, the new Buwchfawromyces clade and also the 'polycephalus' clade are labelled. Codes in brackets indicate the novel clades identified by Koetschan et al. (2014).
Figure 2 from: Callaghan TM, Podmirseg SM, Hohlweck D, Edwards JE, Puniya AK, Dagar SS, Griffith GW (2015) Buwchfawromyces eastonii gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastigomycota) isolated from buffalo faeces. MycoKeys 9: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.9.9032
Figure 2 - Maximum likelihood tree based on alignment of the D1/D2 region of the Large Ribosomal Subunit (700 bp alignment; 37 sequences; 188 phylogenetically informative sites; TrN+gamma model). Bootstrap values over 70% are shown (1000 replicates). Scale bar indicates number of substitutions per site.
Impact of hydraulic retention time and pressure on anaerobic digestion of glucose-containing synthetic wastewater
<p>High-pressure anaerobic digestion (HPAD) can directly upgrade biogas (CH4 content to 90%) within the reactor. However, critical operational parameters, including hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pressure remained limited investigation. In this study, an HPAD reactor was operated at five different HRT (from 40 to 13 days), with pressure around 10~13 bar. In HPAD, the pressure was the driving force behind CH4 content. Low HRT (< 20 days) led to volatile fatty acid accumulation, which was earlier than the normal pressure counterpart. HRT had more effect on Archaea than Bacteria, while such a trend was inverted for pressure. Hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanobacterium prevailed at low HRT (13~20 days). When operating continuous HPAD, attention should be paid to HRT, as low HRT (13 days) impaired the activity of CH4-synthesizing enzyme Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR).</p>
The Effect of Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance in Football Players
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07048912. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Jaw Clenching on Anaerobic Ability and Ventilatory Flows
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02529020. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Comparison of the Effects of Aerobic-Anaerobic Exercises on Hormonal and Immune Biomarkers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07092969. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 5.
Short-Term Rhodiola Rosea for Anaerobic Performance and Cognitive Function in Resistance-Trained Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07225413. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Pre-Sleep Creatine Enhances Anaerobic Power in Recreationally Active Females
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06937190. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Normobaric Hypoxia as a Strength Training Intensity Amplifier in Ice Hockey Players: Effects on Anaerobic Performance and Muscle Contraction Properties
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06930027. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Homeostasis of metabolites in Escherichia coli on transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions and the transient secretion of pyruvate
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