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448 results for “analogy”
Bridging the analog divide: A comparison of printed X-ray films and digital images when using computer-aided detection software for tuberculosis screening
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Data for: Actions of Parathyroid hormone ligand analogs in humanized PTH1R knock-in mice
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Analogous above- and belowground traits for twelve boreal tree species
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Data from: Stimulus dependent emergence of understanding analogical relations in budgerigars
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Cystargolide-based amide and ester Pz analogs as proteasome inhibitors and anticancer agents
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Dataset for: A Cross-Laboratory Comparison Study of Titan Haze Analogs: Surface Energy
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FIGURE 1. Analogy between a in The need for standard protocols in bioregionalisation: Comments on "The spectre of biogeographical regionalization" by Morrone (2018)
FIGURE 1. Analogy between a systematic (A-C) and biogeographic analysis (C-E) from the data to knowledge levels. A: homology hypothesis grouping morpho-anatomical features. B: a character (mixed struture) grouping taxa bearing the features. C: a phylogeny: (result of the congruence analysis). C: a phylogeny standing for a biogeographic homology hypothesis about distributions of taxa. D. a biogeographic character grouping the areas of endemism (X, Y, Z) in which the taxa occur. E: an areagram. (figure modified after Grand, 2013).
Data from: Mechanism for analogous illusory motion perception in flies and humans.
<p>Visual motion detection is one of the most important computations performed by visual circuits. Yet, we perceive vivid illusory motion in stationary, periodic luminance gradients that contain no true motion. This illusion is shared by diverse vertebrate species, but theories proposed to explain this illusion have remained difficult to test. Here, we demonstrate that in the fruit fly <i>Drosophila</i>, the illusory motion percept is generated by unbalanced contributions of direction-selective neurons' responses to stationary edges. First, we found that flies, like humans, perceive sustained motion in the stationary gradients. The percept was abolished when the elementary motion detector neurons, T4 and T5, were silenced. In vivo calcium imaging revealed that T4 and T5 neurons encode the location and polarity of stationary edges. Furthermore, our proposed mechanistic model allowed us to predictably manipulate both the magnitude and direction of the fly's illusory percept by selectively silencing either T4 or T5 neurons. Interestingly, human brains possess the same mechanistic ingredients that drive our model in flies. When we adapted human observers to moving light edges or dark edges, we could manipulate the magnitude and direction of their percepts as well, suggesting that mechanisms similar to the fly's may also underlie this illusion in humans. By taking a comparative approach that exploits <i>Drosophila</i> neurogenetics, our results provide a causal, mechanistic account for a long-known visual illusion. These results argue that this illusion arises from <a>architectures</a> for motion detection that are shared across phyla.</p>
Ligand-dependent effects of methionine-8 oxidation in parathyroid hormone peptide analogs
<p>LA-PTH is a long-acting parathyroid hormone (PTH) peptide analog in pre-clinical development for hypoparathyroidism (HP). Like native PTH, LA-PTH contains a methionine at position 8 that is predicted to be critical for function. We assessed the impact of methionine oxidation on the functional properties of LA-PTH and control PTH ligands. Oxidation of PTH(1-34) resulted in marked (~20-fold) reductions in binding affinity on the PTH receptor-1 (PTHR1) in cell membranes, similarly diminished potency for cAMP signaling in osteoblastic cell lines (SaOS-2 and UMR106), and impaired efficacy for raising blood calcium in mice. Surprisingly, oxidation of LA-PTH resulted in little or no change in these functional responses. The signaling potency of oxidized-LA-PTH was, however, reduced ~40-fold compared to LA-PTH in cells expressing a PTHR1 construct that lacks the N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD). Molecular modeling revealed that while Met8 of both LA-PTH and PTH(1-34) is situated within the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket of the receptor's transmembrane domain bundle (TMD), the Met8 sidechain position is shifted for the two ligands such that upon Met8 oxidation of PTH(1-34) steric clashes occur that are not seen with oxidized LA-PTH. The findings suggest that LA-PTH and PTH(1-34) engage the receptor differently in the Met8-interaction environment of the TMD bundle, and that this interaction environment can be allosterically influenced by the ECD component of the ligand-receptor complex. The findings should be useful for the future development of novel PTH-based peptide therapeutics for diseases of bone and mineral ion metabolism.</p>
Data from: Ecomorphological determinations in the absence of living analogs: the predatory behavior of the marsupial lion (Thylacoleo carnifex) as revealed by elbow-joint morphology
Thylacoleo carnifex, or the "pouched lion" (Mammalia: Marsupialia: Diprotodontia: Thylacoleonidae) was a carnivorous marsupial that inhabited Australia during the Pleistocene. Although today all authors agree that Thylacoleo had a hypercarnivorous diet, the way in which it killed its prey remains uncertain. Here we use geometric morphometrics to capture the shape of the elbow joint (i.e., the posterior articular surface of the distal humerus) in a wide sample of extant mammals of known behavior to determine how elbow anatomy reflects forearm use. We then employ this information to investigate the predatory behavior of Thylacoleo. A Principal Components Analysis indicates that Thylacoleo is the only carnivorous mammal to cluster with extant taxa that have an extreme degree of forearm maneuverability, such as primates and arboreal xenarthrans (pilosans). A Canonical Variates Analysis confirms that Thylacoleo had forearm maneuverability intermediate between wombats (terrestrial) and arboreal mammals, and a much greater degree of maneuverability than any living carnivoran placental. A Linear Discriminant Analysis computed to separate the elbow morphology of arboreal mammals from terrestrial ones shows that Thylacoleo was primarily terrestrial but with some climbing abilities. We infer from our results that Thylacoleo used its forelimbs for grasping or manipulating prey to much higher degree than its supposed extant placental counterpart, the African lion (Panthera leo). The use of the large and retractable claw on the semi-opposable thumb of Thylacoleo for potentially slashing and disemboweling prey is discussed in the light of this new evidence.
FIGURES 5 – 6 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURES 5 – 6. Tegmina of Maguviopseini trib. nov. 5, Asiocula lima gen. et sp. nov.: A, tegmen (mirrored), holotype PIN 2971 / 220; B, venation of tegmen, paratype PIN 2240 / 3705; mSc, middle part of Sc?; 6, Falcarta bella gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 3288 / 369: A, tegmen; B, venation.
FIGURES 3 – 4 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURES 3 – 4. Tegmina of Nonescytini trib. nov. 3, Nevicia imitans gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 2240 / 2893: A, tegmen (mirrored); B, venation; 4, Nonescyta mala gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 3288 / 342: A, tegmen (mirrored); B, venation. b, basal cell; s, stigmal cell.
FIGURE 2 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURE 2. Sacvoyagea ventrosa gen. et sp. nov.: A, female, paratype PIN 2971 / 561; B, tegmen, paratype PIN 2971 / 212; C, venation of tegmen (after holotype, clavus after paratype PIN 2971 / 212). Vein symbols, see text; a, arculus; a 1, 1 st anal space.
FIGURE 1 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURE 1. Tingiopsis reticulata Becker-Migdisova, 1953: A – B, specimen PIN 2971 / 559: A, tegmen, B, subapical part of tegmen; C, specimen PIN 2555 / 2213, venation of tegmen. Vein symbols, see text; m, marginal membrane; pc, precostal carina. Scale bar, 1 mm in all figures.
FIGURES 3 – 4 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURES 3 – 4. Tegmina of Nonescytini trib. nov. 3, Nevicia imitans gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 2240 / 2893: A, tegmen (mirrored); B, venation; 4, Nonescyta mala gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 3288 / 342: A, tegmen (mirrored); B, venation. b, basal cell; s, stigmal cell.
FIGURE 2 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURE 2. Sacvoyagea ventrosa gen. et sp. nov.: A, female, paratype PIN 2971 / 561; B, tegmen, paratype PIN 2971 / 212; C, venation of tegmen (after holotype, clavus after paratype PIN 2971 / 212). Vein symbols, see text; a, arculus; a 1, 1 st anal space.
FIGURES 3 – 4 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURES 3 – 4. Tegmina of Nonescytini trib. nov. 3, Nevicia imitans gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 2240 / 2893: A, tegmen (mirrored); B, venation; 4, Nonescyta mala gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 3288 / 342: A, tegmen (mirrored); B, venation. b, basal cell; s, stigmal cell.
FIGURE 2 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURE 2. Sacvoyagea ventrosa gen. et sp. nov.: A, female, paratype PIN 2971 / 561; B, tegmen, paratype PIN 2971 / 212; C, venation of tegmen (after holotype, clavus after paratype PIN 2971 / 212). Vein symbols, see text; a, arculus; a 1, 1 st anal space.
FIGURES 5 – 6 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURES 5 – 6. Tegmina of Maguviopseini trib. nov. 5, Asiocula lima gen. et sp. nov.: A, tegmen (mirrored), holotype PIN 2971 / 220; B, venation of tegmen, paratype PIN 2240 / 3705; mSc, middle part of Sc?; 6, Falcarta bella gen. et sp. nov., holotype PIN 3288 / 369: A, tegmen; B, venation.
FIGURE 1 in New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers
FIGURE 1. Tingiopsis reticulata Becker-Migdisova, 1953: A – B, specimen PIN 2971 / 559: A, tegmen, B, subapical part of tegmen; C, specimen PIN 2555 / 2213, venation of tegmen. Vein symbols, see text; m, marginal membrane; pc, precostal carina. Scale bar, 1 mm in all figures.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.