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866 results for “attack”
A Study of Lanadelumab in Teenagers and Adults to Prevent Acute Attacks of Non-histaminergic Angioedema With Normal C1-Inhibitor (C1-INH)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04206605. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 10. Publications: 1.
Safety and Efficacy Study of CINRYZE for Prevention of Angioedema Attacks in Children Ages 6-11 With Hereditary Angioedema
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02052141. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 5. Publications: 3.
Long-term Safety and Efficacy Study of DX-2930 (SHP643) to Prevent Acute Angioedema Attacks in Patients With Type I and Type II HAE
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02741596. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 7. Publications: 5.
Turning lances into shields: Flower mantids stretch their raptorial forelegs to avert and deflect predator attack
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Virtual prey with Lévy motion are preferentially attacked by predatory fish
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Mosquitoes escape looming threats by actively steering into the bow-wave induced by the attacker
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Data from: Studded leather collars are very effective in protecting cattle from leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks
<p>Human-wildlife conflicts are widespread, particularly with big cats which can kill domestic livestock and create a counteraction between conservation and local livelihoods, especially near protected areas. Minimization of livestock losses caused by big cats and other predators is essential to mitigate conflicts and promote socially acceptable conservation. As big cats usually kill by throat bites, protective collars represent a potentially effective non-lethal intervention to prevent livestock depredation, yet the application and effectiveness estimation of these tools are very limited. In this study, for the first time we measured the effectiveness of studded leather collars in protecting cattle from leopard (Panthera pardus) attacks. We conducted a randomized controlled experiment during 14 months to collar 202 heads and leave uncollared 258 heads grazing in forests and belonging to 27 owners from eight villages near three protected areas in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Our results show that none of collared cattle and nine uncollared cattle were lost to leopard depredation, meaning that collars caused a zero relative risk of damage and a perfect 100% damage reduction. Most losses occurred in summer and autumn due to lush vegetation attracting more cattle, long daytime allowing movements deep into leopard habitats, and dense cover favoring leopard hunts from ambush. Losses were recorded in only six owners and four villages, suggesting local rarity and patchy distribution of leopards. We suggest that collars can be successfully applied to cattle freely grazing in habitats of leopards or other felids for a long time and thus remaining persistently exposed to depredation. As grazing cattle are usually not supervised by shepherds or dogs, collars can be the only practical protection tool. Production and sales of collars can become a sustainable small-scale business for farmers to further boost conservation and rural livelihoods.</p>
Data from: Attack and aggregation of a major squash pest: parsing the role of plant chemistry and beetle pheromones across spatial scales
<p>1. Successful management of insect crop pests requires an understanding of the cues and spatial scales at which they function to affect rates of attack of preferred and non-preferred host plants. A long-standing conceptual framework in insect-plant ecology posits that there is hierarchical structure spanning host location, acceptance, and attack that could be exploited for integrated pest management.</p> <p>2. We investigated how plant- and insect-derived chemical cues affect successive decisions of host choice in aggregating insects, and tested predictions in the Cucurbita pepo - Acalymma vittatum system. Acalymma vittatum is an aggregating specialist beetle pest that strongly prefers zucchini (C. p. pepo) to summer squash (C. p. ovifera), two independent domesticates of C. pepo. We hypothesized that subspecies-specific plant traits, especially volatile cues, interact with the male-produced aggregation pheromone to amplify beetle preference for C. p. pepo.</p> <p>3. Differential beetle attack of C. pepo subspecies in the field is not determined by plant traits that affect host finding or differential aggregation due to pheromones: across two years, beetles had strong density-dependent attraction to both subspecies when male beetles were feeding, and no interactions between plant volatiles and the male-produced pheromone were detected. In absence of male pheromone emission, beetles were equally unattracted to plants with or without beetle feeding.</p> <p>4. In contrast, plant traits that mediate insect acceptance appear to underlie differences in preference. At a local scale, beetles did not accept and emigrated from C. p. ovifera compared to C. p. pepo. Distinct volatile emissions were observed between subspecies, but further work is needed to identify if these volatiles promote emigration.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications: By dissecting pest preference during successive host choice decisions, we isolated a trait with implications for pest management. Beetles on cucurbits can be managed by employing cultivars with differential susceptibility (e.g. trap cropping), and the mechanistic knowledge presented here informs best practices and limitations for on-farm applications. More broadly, pest management in diversified cropping systems can be enhanced through understanding how plant preference gradients affect herbivore movement and behavior, and plant breeders can target traits to reduce herbivory in such systems.</p>
Detritus decorations as the extended phenotype deflect avian predator attack increasing fitness in an orb‐web spider
<ol> <li>A number of strategies that divert attacks of visually guided predators, such as birds, have evolved multiple times in animals. Detritus web decorations built by certain orb-web spider species are thought to deflect avian predator attacks away from spiders and towards their web decorations. Still, empirical evidence for this function and its adaptive significance is lacking. The orb-web spider, <i>Cyclosa monticola</i>,<i> </i>adorns its web using a linear detritus decoration consisting of moults, egg sacs, prey remains, and leaf litters.</li> <li>In the present study, we investigated whether detritus decorations constructed by <i>C. monticola</i> spiders<i> </i>divert attacks of avian predators away from spiders. We first employed colour modelling to compare spider bodies and detritus decoration colouration from the perspective of domestic chicks and blue tits. We then experimentally tested the deflection hypothesis in the laboratory using naïve chicks as predators. We put the chicks in a cage containing a web either with (S+) or without (S-) a spider and either with (D+) or without (D-) detritus decoration (a total of four types of webs: S+D+, S+D-, S-D+, and S-D-) under both natural habitat background and white background. </li> <li>We found that the colour of <i>C. monticola</i> spiders is indistinguishable from that of their detritus decorations for both chicks and blue tits with both backgrounds. Laboratory predation experiments showed that with both backgrounds, chicks attacked the spiders much less frequently when their decorations were present on the webs (S+D+; natural habitat: 20%, white background: 30%) than when their decorations were absent (S+D-; natural habitat: 95%, white background: 85%), resulting in greater spider survival advantage. </li> <li>We also found that the rate of attack of spiders and their decorations was not random; the decorations were more likely to be attacked than spiders, regardless of the ratio of surface area of decorations to spider bodies when both spiders and decorations were presented (S+D+). Therefore, our results support a deflection, rather than concealment hypothesis for web decorations.</li> <li>In conclusion, our study provides evidence that the extended phenotypes beyond the animal bodies, can divert avian predator attacks, therefore, may improve the fitness of animals.</li> </ol>
Data from: Species-specific spatiotemporal patterns of leopard, lion and tiger attacks on humans
1. Large carnivores of the genus Panthera can pose serious threats to public safety. Although the annual number of attacks on humans is rare compared to livestock depredation, such incidents undermine popular support for wildlife conservation and require immediate responses to protect human life. 2. We used a space-time scan method to perform a novel spatiotemporal analysis of 908 attacks on humans by lions, leopards and tigers to estimate the risks of further attacks in the same locales. 3. We found that a substantial proportion of attacks were clustered in time and space, but the dimension of these outbreaks varied between species. Lion outbreaks included more human fatalities, persisted for longer periods of time, and extended over larger areas than tiger or leopard outbreaks. 4. These techniques could be used by relevant agencies to warn local people of risks from further attacks within a certain time and distance following an initial incident by each species, as well as identify areas that require management interventions to address these threats.31-Oct-2018
Potencial attack of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) on nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in northern Oaxaca, Mexico
<p>Interaction between a nine-banded armadillo <em>Dasypus novemcinctus </em>and the common vampire bat <em>Desmodus rotundus, </em>recorded in a forest fragment of evergreen forest in Oaxaca, Mexico. </p>
Microblogging violent attacks on medical staff: A case study of the Longmen County People’s Hospital incident, an indication of a health care crisis in China
<p>A violent attack on medical staff in Guangdong Province, in which a female doctor at Longmen County People’s Hospital (LCPH) was severely injured by a knife-wielding patient, has drawn significant public attention to the phenomenon of hospital violence and initiated discussions on how to resolve violence in hospitals. Social networking sites, such as Sina Weibo, a Chinese version of Twitter, have played a role in this public debate. The incident at LCPH provides an opportunity to examine how Weibo has been used in the debate about violence against medical staff in China. Using the Sina Weibo’s built-in search tool, we established a dataset of 661 Chinese-language micro-blogs containing the search terms: Longmen (“龙门”), doctor (“医生”), and slash (“砍”) that were posted between July 15, 2015, the date of the violent incident at LCPH, and August 15, 2015. We performed a content analysis of the micro-blogs to examine: users’ demographics, attitudes toward the injured doctor and the attacker, possible reasons for the hospital violence, and proposed measures for preventing doctors from violent incidents. </p>
Supporting Material to "Statistical Fault Attacks on Nonce-Based Authenticated Encryption Schemes"
<p>supporting_material_code/setX/ct_fault.txt: each line corresponds to one ciphertext received from the device under test while encrypting a plaintext. The bytes are separated by a comma. For every encryption a fault has been injected:</p> <p>set1: Laser fault injections targeting an AES co-processor on a smartcard microcontroller.</p> <p>set2: Clock tampering targeting an AES co-processor implemented on a general-purpose microcontroller.</p> <p>set3 & 4: Clock tampering targeting an AES software implementation (AVR crypto lib ASM) implemented on a general-purpose microcontroller (ATXmega256A3).</p> <p>supporting_material_code/main.cpp: program for key recovery which takes as input the faulty ciphertexts (ct_fault.txt)</p> <p> </p>
Golden-reference and data-under-attack from TRNG on FPGA
<p>This dataset consists of the raw output from an elementary TRNG on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA. The first group of data is called golden-reference. And the second group is called data-under-attack and was collected with an oversampled clock rate.</p>
Data from: Conspicuous stripes on prey capture attention and reduce attacks by foraging jumping spiders
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Many animals avoid predation using aposematic displays that pair toxic/dangerous defenses with conspicuous achromatic warning patterns, such as high-contrast stripes. To understand how these prey defenses work, we need to understand the decision-making of visual predators. Here we gave two species of jumping spiders (</span><em>Phidippus regius</em><span><em><span> </span></em>and </span><em>Habronattus trimaculatus</em><span>) choice tests using live termites that had their back patterns manipulated using paper capes (solid white, solid black, striped). For </span><em>P. regius</em><span><em><span>,</span></em> black and striped termites were quicker to capture attention. Yet despite this increased attention, striped termites were attacked at lower rates than either white or black. This suggests that the termite's contrast with the background elicits attention, but the internal striped body patterning reduces attacks. Results from tests with </span><em>H. trimaculatus</em><span> were qualitatively similar but did not meet the threshold for statistical significance. Additional exploratory analyses suggest th</span>at attention to and aversion to stripes is at least partially innate and provide further insight into how decision-making played out during trials. Because of their rich diversity (over 6500 species) that includes variation in natural history, toxin susceptibility, degree of color vision, and dietary specialization, jumping spiders are well-suited to test broad generalizations about how and why aposematic displays work. </p>
AttackER: NER Attack Attribution
<p>The folder contains 8 files. The files with .spacy extension are the files that can be used to train models using spaCy and the .JSON files can be used to train NER models using Huggingface transformers. The new_model.zip contains the fine-tuned transformer model using the .spacy files that can be used for NER tasks on Cyber attack attribution. The spacy_run_script.ipynb file can be used to view the contents of the .spacy files as well as run the model inside the .zip file. The script contains the necessary guidelines for the same. Since NER tasks in Huggingface transformers requires a JSON format, this folder contains the necessary train, test and dev files in the .json format.</p>
Data from: To hatch and hatch not: Rejecting the hypothesis that heterochrony in vestibular mechanosensing explains poor escape-hatching success of Agalychnis spurrelli in snake attacks compared with its congener A. callidryas
<p>Phyllomedusid treefrogs hatch prematurely to escape egg predation, but escape success varies among species. During spontaneous hatching of <em>Agalychnis</em> <em>spurrelli</em>, snake attacks elicited 55% less escape-hatching than did attacks on less developed <em>A. callidryas</em>. <em>Agalychnis</em> <em>callidryas</em> use their vestibular system and, secondarily, their lateral line to sense physical disturbances that cue hatching. Since <em>A. spurrelli </em>develop faster, we hypothesized that heterochronic shifts in the onset timing of vestibular mechanosensory function, relative to hatching ability, might explain their lower escape response to mechanosensory cues. To test this, we compared the onset timing of hypoxia- and mechanosensory-cued hatching (MCH) and vestibular mechanosensory function in developmental series of <em>A. spurrelli</em> and <em>A. callidryas</em> embryos. Across species, most sibships began responding to each cue at the same developmental stage. MCH onset in A. spurrelli was associated with vestibular function onset, as indicated by measurements of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Indeed, the first <em>A. spurrelli</em> embryos to show MCH had VOR amplitudes similar to those previously found for <em>A. callidryas</em> at the onset of MCH. These results indicate that low escape-hatching success in <em>A. spurrelli</em> is not caused by a relative delay in the onset of vestibular mechanosensory function, rejecting our initial hypothesis; the developmental timing of vestibular mechanosensing and its role in predator-induced hatching appears conserved. Our observations of both higher escape success of larger clutches in snake attacks and hatching complications in flooded A. spurrelli suggest, instead, that differences in egg capsule and clutch structure may contribute to species differences in escape-hatching success.</p>
Effects of log length on Polygraphus proximus attack
<p><em>Polygraphus</em> <em>proximus</em> Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a non-aggressive bark beetle, has caused mortality of <em>Abies</em> spp. in Western Siberia, Central Asia, European Russia as well as Japan. Removing dead trees (i.e. salvage logging) and thinning stands are considered one of the best practices to reduce the risk of bark beetle outbreaks. However, salvaging or removing dead and thinned trees requires significant effort. Thus, to determine whether cutting trees shorter would reduce <em>P</em>. <em>proximus</em> infestation, we exposed <em>A</em>.<em> sachalinensis</em> logs of various lengths on the ground in a forest stand. The attack density of <em>P</em>. <em>proximus</em> significantly decreased with shorter log lengths. It can be concluded that cutting into short logs and leaving them on the ground are effective practices to reduce the chance of <em>P</em>. <em>proximus</em> outbreaks after natural disturbances and thinning.</p>
Replication Package for "Mitigating Automated Obfuscation Attacks on Software Plagiarism Detection Systems"
<p>This is the replication package for the doctoral dissertation titled "<em>Mitigating Automated Obfuscation Attacks on Software Plagiarism Detection Systems</em>".</p> <p>The contributions of the dissertation were also integrated into the source code plagiarism detection system <a href="https://github.com/jplag/JPlag/">JPlag</a> to ensure they are widely accessible.</p> <p><strong>Contents Overview:</strong></p> <p>- <strong>Datasets</strong>: the artifacts of the evaluation datasets.<br>- <strong>Raw Results</strong>: the measured results of our evaluation.<br>- <strong>Evaluation Scripts</strong>: the evaluation code for plotting and statistical tests.<br>- <strong>Implementation</strong>: the source code of the JPlag-based implementation and the prebuilt application as a JAR file.<br>- <strong>Other</strong>: additional plots.</p>
Cyber4OT: ICS network traces containing normal activity and full attack traffic
<p>The <em><strong>Cyber4OT</strong></em> dataset contains prepared in the test-bed environment packet traces from normal activity of OT network, as well as, full network attack. During recorded activity, the attacker performs full network reconnaissance, later disconnects legal Modbus TCP connection and performs PLC device hijacking.</p> <p>The dataset contains 96 files with more than 4,25 millions of packets.</p> <p><em><strong>ReadMe.txt</strong></em> file contains short description of each trace file content.</p> <p>Detailed description of the test bed, where data was prepared, is provided in the <em><strong>Cyber4OT_testbed_description.pdf</strong></em> file.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.