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Fig. 5. a in Benthic and Planktic Foraminifera as Indicators of Late Glacial to Holocene Paleoclimatic Changes in a Marginal Environment: An Example from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay

Fig. 5. a – oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ18O) performed on G. bulloides and G. inflata; b – Δδ 18O between δ18O and δ18O; G. inflata G. bulloides c – carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) performed on G. bulloides and G. inflata; d – Δδ 13C between δ13C and δ13C. The grey G. inflata G. bulloides lines represent FC WH and the black colour represents CADIAC WH. The horizontal dotted lines delimitate the major changes (see text for all the details).

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Fig. 4. a in Benthic and Planktic Foraminifera as Indicators of Late Glacial to Holocene Paleoclimatic Changes in a Marginal Environment: An Example from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay

Fig. 4. a – time records in Cores CADIAC WH (black color) and FC WH (grey color) of benthic foraminiferal abundances (ind. g–1 of dry sediment), benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates (ind. cm–2 ka–1), relative abundances of the main benthic species present with ≥ 5% in at least one sample (after removing the non-fossilizing taxa), and species richness; b – time records in Cores CADIAC WH (black color) and FC WH (grey color) of planktic foraminiferal abundances (ind. g–1 of dry sediment), same indications as for benthic faunas. The horizontal dotted lines delimitate the major foraminiferal changes (see text for all the details).

Fig. 5 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 5 (a–p) Moulladella jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade) n. gen., n. comb.: (a, e) (sub)axial sections, note the densely filled central zone ("secondary deposits") in the upper part of (a). (b, p) tangential sections. (c–d, f–g, i–l, m) oblique sections. (h, n) slightly oblique transverse sections. Note anastomizing pillars in (h). (o) slightly oblique transverse section displaying densely filled central zone. b, beam; col, columella; f, foramen; p, protoconch; pi, pillar, s, septum. Thin-sections: 12562-5 (a), 12563-6 (b), 12564-1 (c), 12563-3 (d), 3779-PdC (e), 12570 (f), 12569-5 (g), 13679 (h), 14099 (i), 14095A (j), 14098-2 (k), 12563-6 (l), 14097 (m), 12562-6 (n), 14734 (o), 14099-2 (p). Location and age: (a-n, p) Dâmbovicioara area, Southern Carpathians, Romania (Early Valanginian); (e) Pădurea Craiului, Apuseni Mountains, Romania (Early Barremian). (o) Jerma River Canyon, Estern Serbia (Early Valanginian).

Fig. 7 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 7 Benthic foraminifera associated with Moulladella jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade) n. gen., n. comb. from the Dâmbovicioara area, Romania. (a) Coscinoconus campanellus (Arnaud-Vanneau, Boisseau & Darsac), slightly oblique axial section. (b) Coscinoconus cherchiae (Arnaud-Vannaeu, Boisseau & Darsac), axial section. (c) Danubiella gracillima Neagu, subaxal section. (d) Protopeneroplis ultragranulata (Gorbatchik), oblique section. (e, h) Paracoskinolina? pfenderae Canerot & Moullade, axial and slightly oblique transverse sections. (f, g) Montsalevia salevensis (Charollais, Brönnimann & Zaninetti), slightly oblique axial section, and transverse section together with Haplophragmoides joukowsky Charollais, Brönnimann & Zaninetti (axial section) (H). Thin-sections: 14096 (a), 12562 (b), 12569 (c), 13697 (d), 12568- 2 (e), 12563 (f), 12564 (g) and 11867-6 (h). Scale bars 0.3 mm.

Fig. 10 Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 10 Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n. sp. from the upper Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation of the Naghan (a) and Mandegan (all others) sections, Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a–c, h Oblique equatorial sections. d, f–g Equatorial sections. e Equatorial section of an uncoiling specimen. Thin-sections: NG 197-2 (a), Rt 72 (b), Rt 79 (c), Rt 113 (d, f–h), Rt 98 (e).

Fig. 12 Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 12 Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n. sp. from the upper Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation of the Mandegan (a, g, i–j) and Naghan sections (all others), Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a–e, h–i Oblique sections; note the rounded outline of the network in a and b. f Tangential section; note the rounded subepidermal network (lower part). g Almost centered axial section, holotype specimen. j Juvenile specimen showing protoconch connected to the following chamber (?deuteroconch) by numerous openings. Abbreviations: b = beam, p = proloculus, d? = possible deuteroconch, f = foramen, r = rafter, s = septum. Thin-sections: Rt 87 (a), NG 198 (b), 2NG 120-1 (c), 2NG 144 (d), 2NG 113 (e), 2NG 200-1 (f), Rt 113 (SNSB-BSPG 2016 V 16) (g), 2NG 200-1 (h), Rt 113-1 (i), Rt 72 (j).

Fig. 4 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 4 Moulladella jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade) n. gen., n. comb. (a, g) Tangential-oblique sections of microspheric specimens exhibiting voluminous initial spire. (b) Axial section of a macrospheric specimen. (c, k) Tangential sections showing alternating chamberlets of the marginal zone connected by oblique foramina. (d) Oblique-tangential section. (e, j, m) Axial sections. (h, l) Oblique sections. (f, i) Juvenile specimens in tangential sections. (n) Oblique section of the initial spire of a macrospheric specimen. b, beam; f, foramen; p, protoconch; pi, pillar, s, septum. Thin-sections: 14729 (a), 12563-5 (b), 14099-2 (c), 12561-2 (d, f), 12558A (e), 42-Irimieş (g), 12562-5 (h), 12563-4 (i), 12563-6 (j), 14098-2 (k), 12563 (l), 12563-2 (m), 12563-4 (n). Location and age: (a) Jerma River Canyon, Eastern Serbia, Early Valanginian; (b–f, h–n) Dâmbovicioara area, Southern Carpathians, Romania (Early Valanginian); (g) Reşiţa-Moldova Nouă zone, Southern Carpathians, Romania (Early Barremian).

Fig. 3 in Moulladella Jourdanensis (Foury & Moullade, 1966) N. Gen., N. Comb.: Valanginian-Early Late Barremian Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Northern Neotethyan Margin

Fig. 3 Paracoskinolina (Meyendorffina) jourdanensis Foury & Moullade, Barremian of France (a–d); holotype specimen in (a) (from Foury and Moullade, 1966, pl. 1, figs. 2–3, 5–6). e–h Conicopfenderina? balkanica Peybernès, Valanginian of Bulgaria; holotype specimen in (f) (from Peybernès, 2004, pl. 1, figs. 7, 1, 8–9).

Fig. 9 Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 9 Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n. sp. from the upper Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation of the Mandegan (a, e, g) and Naghan sections (all others), Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a–b Equatorial sections. c–d, g Oblique equatorial sections; note tendency to uncoil in the youngest chambers. e–f Oblique equatorial sections of uncoiling specimens. Abbreviations: p = proloculus, d = possible deuteroconch, f = foramen, s = septum. Thin-sections: Rt 113 (a, g), 2NG 191 (b), 2NG 186 (c), 2NG 49 (d), Rt 87-1 (e), NG 196 (f).

Fig. 8 in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 8 Schematic drawing showing differences in the wall structure of Persiella n. gen. and Pseudocyclammina Yokoyama (without scale).

Fig. 7 Flabelloperforata tarburensis n. gen., n in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 7 Flabelloperforata tarburensis n. gen., n. sp. from the upper Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation of the Naghan section, Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a Oblique section showing multiple foramina. b Detail from a showing pseudo-keriotheka-like wall structure. c Oblique section. d, e Details (d from c) showing multiple foramina. f Oblique section. Thin-sections: 2NG 8 (a–b), 2NG 86 (c–e), 2NGN (f). Scale bars: a–b = 0.2 mm, c, f = 1 mm, d–e = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 6 Flabelloperforata tarburensis n. gen., n in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 6 Flabelloperforata tarburensis n. gen., n. sp. from the upper Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation of the Naghan section, Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a–e, g–l: Oblique sections; holotype specimen in a; multiple foramina depicted in i and k with arrows. f Oblique equatorial section. T: Tarburina zagrosiana Schlagintweit, Rashidi & Barani. m Slightly oblique subaxial section. Arrow: multiple foramina. Thin-sections: NG 85-2 (a), 2NG 81-2 (b), 2NG 85-1 (c), 2NG 83 (d), 2NG 84-1 (e, h), NG 49 (f), 2NG 81-4 (g), NG 83-2 (i), NG 81 (j), NG 61 (k), 2NG 87-2 (l), 2NG 197 (m).

Fig. 1 in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 1 Lithostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous strata of the Zagros Zone (redrawn from the Stratigraphic Chart of Iran, Geological Society of Iran, 1995).

Fig. 5 in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 5 Neobalkhania bignoti Cherchi, Radoičić & Schroeder from the upper Maastrichtian of the Tarbur Formation of the Mandegan (a), and Naghan sections (all others). a Subaxial section of a large specimen (diameter ~7 mm). b Axial section of a megalospheric specimen. c Four specimens in (sub)axial sections, and Dicyclina sp. (D). d Tangential section showing subepidermal network with coarse primary partitions (right below) and finer secondary partitions (left below). e Oblique axial section of a megalospheric specimen. f Fragmentary equatorial section, P = Persiacyclammina maastrichtiana Schlagintweit & Rashidi. g Oblique section of a megalospheric specimen showing large embryo with opening to the second annular chamber. Scale bars: a–b, d, f–g = 0.3 mm; C, E = 0.6 mm. Thin-sections: Rt 113 (a), 2NG 109 (b), 2NG 128 (c), 2NG 201-1 (d), 2NG 120 (e), 2NG 81 (f–g).

Fig. 3 in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 3 Typical microfacies of samples with Flabelloperforata tarburensis n. gen., n. sp (F in a–b), and Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n. sp. (Ps in c–d), from the upper Maastrichtian Tarbur Formation of the Naghan section, Zagros Zone, SW Iran. a–b Wackestones/packstones with benthic foraminifera, among many porcelaneous and agglutinating taxa such as Dicyclina sp. (Di), Tarburina zagrosiana Schlagintweit, Rashidi & Barani (T), Dictyoconus bakhtiari Schlagintweit, Rashidi & Babadipour (D) and remains of dasycladalean algae (d in b). c Wackestone with small and larger benthic foraminifera and oblique longitudinal section of the dasycladale Pseudocymopolia cf. anadyomenea (Elliott) (P). d Grainstone/packstone with Omphalocyclus macroporus Lamarck (O), Dictyoconella? minima Henson (Dic), and slightly oblique axial section of Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n. sp. (Ps). Thin-sections: 2NG 81-4 (a), 2NG 120 (b), 2NG 166 (c), 2NG 177 (d).

Fig. 2 in Persiella Pseudolituus N. Gen., N. Sp., And Flabelloperforata Tarburensis N. Gen., N. Sp., Two New Larger Benthic Foraminifera From The Upper Maastrichtian Of Iran

Fig. 2 Location of the Naghan and Mandegan sections, the type localities of Flabelloperforata tarburensis n. sp., and Persiella pseudolituus n. gen., n. sp. (taken from google maps)

Fig. 14 All scales represent 100 in Taxonomic Record Of The Oligocene Benthic Foraminifera From The Vima Formation (Transylvanian Basin, Romania)

Fig. 14 All scales represent 100 μm. 1. Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek). Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F14, Rupelian. 2,3. Fursenkoina mustoni (Andreae). 2a-b. same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F3, Rupelian; 3. sample F3, Rupelian. 4. Fursenkoina sp. Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F3, Rupelian. 5-10. Fursenkoina halkyardi (Cushman). 5. same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale; 6. same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view; same scale. 5-10. sample FB01, Chattian. 11. Pleurostomella incrassata Hantken. Same specimen, a. lateral view, b. apertural view, same scale, sample F5, Rupelian. 12-14. Stilostomella adolphina (d'Orbigny). 12. sample FB20, Chattian; 13. sample F14, Rupelian; 14. sample F18, Rupelian. 15, 17, 18, 21. Stilostomella emaciata (Reuss). 15. sample F9, Rupelian; 17. sample F9, Rupelian; 18. sample F21, Rupelian; 21. sample F25, Rupelian. 16. Siphonodosaria consobrina (d'Orbigny). Sample F3, Rupelian. 19. Stilostomella pauperata (d'Orbigny). Sample F21, Rupelian. 20. Stilostomella bradyi (Cushman). Sample F5, Rupelian.

Fig. 17 All scales represent 100 in Taxonomic Record Of The Oligocene Benthic Foraminifera From The Vima Formation (Transylvanian Basin, Romania)

Fig. 17 All scales represent 100 μm. 1-2. Heterolepa praecincta (Karrer). 1a-c. same specimen, a. umbilical view, b. peripherial view, c. spiral view, same scale, sample F14, Rupelian; 2a-c. same specimen, a. umbilical view, b. peripherial view, c. spiral view, same scale, sample FB20, Chattian. 3-4. Heterolepa eocaena (Gümbel). 3a-b. same specimen, a. umbilical view, b. spiral view, same scale, sample F12, Rupelian; 4a-b. same specimen, a. umbilical view, b. spiral view, same scale, sample FB21, Chattian. 5. Gyroidinoides octocameratus (Cushman & Hanna). Same specimen, a. umbilical view, b. peripherial view, c. spiral view, same scale, sample FB21, Chattian. 6. Gyroidinoides mamillatus (Andreae). Same specimen, a. umbilical view, b. peripherial view, c. spiral view, same scale, sample F5, Rupelian. 7-8. Hansenisca soldanii (d'Orbigny). 7a-c. same specimen, a. umbilical view, b. peripherial view, c. spiral view, same scale, sample F14, Rupelian; 8.

Fig. 12 All scales represent 100 in Taxonomic Record Of The Oligocene Benthic Foraminifera From The Vima Formation (Transylvanian Basin, Romania)

Fig. 12 All scales represent 100 μm. 1,8. Bulimina coprolithoides Andreae. 1a-b. same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F14, Rupelian; 8. sample F33, Rupelian/Chattian. 2. Bulimina elongata d'Orbigny. Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F17, Rupelian. 3-5. Caucasina oligocaenica Khalilov. 3a-b. same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F14, Rupelian; 4. sample F3, Rupelian; 5. sample F12, Rupelian. 6-7. Bulimina alsatica Cushman & Parker. 6a-b. same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F7, Rupelian; 7. sample F5, Rupelian. 9. Bulimina schischkinskayae Samoylova. Sample F27, Rupelian. 10. Bulimina alazanensis Cushman. Sample F18, Rupelian. 11. Bulimina striata striata d'Orbigny. Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F7, Rupelian. 12. Bulimina arndti Hagn. Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, FB19, Chattian. 13. Praeglobobulimina pupoides (d'Orbigny). Sample F25, Rupelian.

Fig. 10 All scales represent 100 in Taxonomic Record Of The Oligocene Benthic Foraminifera From The Vima Formation (Transylvanian Basin, Romania)

Fig. 10 All scales represent 100 μm. 1. Vaginulinopsis cumulicostatus (Gümbel). Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F10, Rupelian. 2. Vaginulinopsis mexicana (Nuttall). Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F10, Rupelian. 3. Lagena tenuis (Bornemann). Sample FB17, Chattian. 4. Pseudofissurina kapellensis (Spiegler). Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample FB17, Chattian. 5. Favulina hexagona (Williamson). Sample F26, Rupelian. 6. Glandulina ovula d'Orbigny. Sample FB20, Chattian. 7. Bolivina beyrichi carinata Hantken. Same specimen, a. apertural view, b. lateral view, same scale, sample F21, Rupelian. 8. Bolivina beyrichi beyrichi Reuss. Sample F9, Rupelian. 9. Bolivina plicatella Cushman. Sample FB17, Chattian. 10-11. Bolivina crenulata Cushman. 10. sample F33, Rupelian/Chattian; 11a-b. same specimen, a. apertural