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opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Global biogeographical regions reveal a signal of past human impacts

Ecologists have long documented that the world's biota is spatially organised in regions with boundaries shaped by processes acting on geological and evolutionary timescales. Although growing evidence suggests that historical human impact has been key in how biodiversity is currently assembled, its role as a driver of the geographical organisation of biodiversity remains unclear. Using non-volant terrestrial mammals, we set up a bioregionalization procedure focused on two data sets, one describing the current ranges of terrestrial mammals, and another describing their potential natural ranges in the absence of historic anthropogenic land use. We then quantified the relative importance of anthropogenic land use (5000 and 2000 years ago, and present time) to predict the current and natural biogeographical regions across the Earth. In general, past and present human land use were important predictors of current bioregions but did not largely contribute to predicting natural bioregions. Past anthropogenic land use seems to have left an imprint on the taxonomic differentiation of some of the largest biogeographical realms, whereas land use at present stands out as a driver of the taxonomic differences between medium-sized subregions, i.e., within and among continents. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic actions during the last millennia have had a far-reaching effect on the spatial organisation of the Earth´s non-volant mammals.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Factors shaping the abundance of two butterflies sharing resources and enemies across a biogeographic region

Aim: Intra-specific variation in species relative abundance is shaped by a complex interplay of abiotic and biotic factors, making it both necessary and challenging to assess their combined relative importance in explaining variations across space and time. We used two congeneric butterfly species for which extensive count data and a deep understanding of their natural history are available to test three hypotheses explaining intra-specific variation in their abundance: (H1) seasonal dispersal behaviour driven by climate, (H2) resource availability, and (H3) apparent competition mediated via shared parasitoids. Taxon: Gonepteryx rhamni (Brimstone) and G. cleopatra (Cleopatra). Location: NE Iberian Peninsula, where both species coexist, and a nearby archipelago (Balearic Islands), where only Cleopatra occurs. Methods: We analyzed spatial abundance variations for both species in the mainland and island-mainland differences in the abundance of Cleopatra. Abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, host plant and overwintering habitat availability, larval parasitism and density dependence were tested to explain the observed variations. Results: H1 can explain variation in butterfly abundance between mainland regions since in warmer summers populations increased in cooler areas but decreased in warmer areas. H2 explains the variation within mainland climate regions with a strong positive relationship between resource availability and abundance but is unlikely to explain the island-mainland variation in the abundance of Cleopatra. H3 could neither explain biogeographical variation in abundance because although richer parasitoid communities were found on the mainland, larval mortality rates were similar or lower on the mainland than in the islands. Main conclusions: Climate and resource availability jointly account for variation in butterfly abundance across the mainland, but neither these factors nor parasitism can explain island-mailand differences. Both coexisting butterfly species and their larval parasitoids may have undergone evolutionary processes, resulting in spatial segregation that promotes the coexistence of the two butterfly species on the mainland.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Biogeographic patterns in the Chocó region: A case study of Inga Mill (Leguminosae)

This thesis addresses the Chocó region, recognized as one of the wettest, most biodiverse, and least documented areas on Earth. Here, I present a new ecological delimitation of the Chocó, integrating climatic and geographical data. The proposed area differs from previous delimitations because it includes geographically contiguous and climatically similar rain forests distributed throughout southern Panama, the Colombian Pacific, the humid system of the Magdalena River in northern Colombia, and northern Ecuador, covering an area of 162,800km². The genus Inga (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) is employed as a model to elucidate the biogeographic patterns driving the historical assembly of the flora in this region. While the diversity of the Chocó is explained by its isolation by the Andean cordillera, and it has been classified as the oldest and most isolated Pleistocene refuge in the Neotropics, recent studies suggest plant migration as a complementary phenomenon enhancing its floristic diversity. Inga’s species diversity is concentrated in the Amazon basin (145 species), yet its presence in the Chocó is scantily studied and here I show 78 species and morphological variants of species to be present in the Chocó, nearly doubling estimates in recent taxonomic accounts. This new estimate of species number for the Chocó is based on fieldwork, taxonomic studies of herbarium specimens and phylogenetic analysis of target-capture DNA sequences. Biogeographic analysis using BioGeoBears highlights the role of both dispersal and in-situ speciation in developing the species diversity of Inga in the Chocó after first colonization approximately 10 million years ago. Finally, two new species of Inga (Inga calimaensis and Inga crassanectaria), endemic to the Chocó are described. This study contributes to understanding both the diversification of the flora of the Chocó and refining the taxonomy of the genus Inga.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2015View details →

Figure. Maps of Turkish provinces and regions. in Checklist of Turkish Raphidioptera on the basis of distribution pattern and biogeographical analysis

Figure. Maps of Turkish provinces and regions.

Fig. 11 in Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

Fig. 11. Plot of length versus distal articular width of Mc−III in some hipparions.

Fig. 6 in Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

Fig. 6. Length versus width plot of Deinotherium M3s.

Fig. 1 in Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

Fig. 1. Location map (A) and stratigraphic context (B) of the Yulafll localities.

Fig. 3 in Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

Fig. 3. Length versus width plot of m1 in the genus Indarctos, showing continuous variation.

Fig. 5 in Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

Fig. 5. Length versus width plot of Deinotherium P4s.

Fig. 7 in Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

Fig. 7. Length versus width plot of Choerolophodon m3s.

Fig.12 in Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

Fig.12. Length vs. width plot of p3s and p4s in Hippopotamodon antiquus and Microstonyx major.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2007View details →

Figure 3 in Deforestation affects biogeographical regionalization: a case study contrasting potential and extant distributions of Mexican terrestrial mammals

Figure 3. Mexican regionalization based on consensus cladogram of t1.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Global benthic biogeographical regions and macroecological drivers for ophiuroids

Data and codes for the publication Global benthic biogeographical regions and macroecological drivers for ophiuroids

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data from: Evaluation of primer pairs for eDNA‐based assessment of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera across a biogeographically diverse region

Macroinvertebrates serve as key indicators in ecological assessments of aquatic ecosystems, where the composition and richness of their communities is indicative of environmental and anthropogenic drivers. Established monitoring of macroinvertebrates is expensive, time-consuming, and relies on expert taxonomic knowledge. In contrast, biomonitoring based on molecular tools can support faster characterization of aquatic communities but needs validation for the target taxonomic groups and the study region. Here, we used data from a biomonitoring program covering a large biogeographic gradient to compare the routine kick-net method with eDNA metabarcoding. We used two primer pairs targeting COI, one targeting a broad metazoan spectrum (miCOIintF/jgHCO2198) and another more recently developed primer pair optimized for the detection of freshwater invertebrates (fwhF2/EPTDr2n). We used the data of the macroinvertebrate monitoring with a focus on the orders of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera across 92 rivers in Switzerland, covering four continental drainage basins and an elevational range from 198 to 1650 m a.s.l. Across all sampled sites, the kick-net detected more distinct taxa than either of the metabarcoding approaches. At a site level, however, both primer pairs detected on average more species. Comparing both primer pairs, the fwhF2/EPTDr2n primer pair captured more species assigned to the indicator groups Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, and showed a significantly larger overlap with the kick-net method. However, the community composition still varied significantly among the different approaches. Fewer Trichopterans were recovered by eDNA metabarcoding, whereas the fwhF2/EPTDr2n primer pair detected more Plecopterans than the other two approaches. This study highlights the importance of optimization and validation of novel molecular approaches under consideration of the target organismal group and the study area.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Predicting Methane Formation Rates of Freshwater Sediments in Different Biogeographic Regions

These datasets uploaded here contain: CH4 formation rates of sediment layers incubated from nine Swedish lakes (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/39e74df0-e0c7-41a6-88c6-d37bcc1ffb49/CH4Formation_SwedishLakes.csv">CH4Formation_SwedishLakes.csv</a>),  their sediment characteristics measured in different layers and land use data CH4 formation rates retrieved from Isidorova et al. (2019,<a href="http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Auu%3Adiva-387547">urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387547</a>). From this dataset we extracted only the maximum CH4 formation rates and are reported in the file <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/39e74df0-e0c7-41a6-88c6-d37bcc1ffb49/CH4Formation_BrazilianReservoirs.csv">CH4Formation_BrazilianReservoirs.csv</a> CH4 formation rates used to calculate CH4 formation decay rate with age for Swedish lakes (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/39e74df0-e0c7-41a6-88c6-d37bcc1ffb49/CH4Formation_SwedishLakes_forDecayRate.csv">CH4Formation_SwedishLakes_forDecayRate.csv</a>) Supplementary information <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/4a6d58c8-6f6b-4665-93d2-14554fc8eb0e/SupplementaryInfo.pdf">SupplementaryInfo.pdf</a> related to CH4 formation rates and sediment age Extraction of PLS analysis results <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/39e74df0-e0c7-41a6-88c6-d37bcc1ffb49/PLS_List.xlsx">PLS_List.xlsx</a>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

Figure 1 in A review of amphidromous freshwater fishes of the Chocó biogeographical region (Colombia and Ecuador): diversity, ecology, fisheries and conservation

Figure 1. – Map of the Chocó Biogeographical Region in the Pacific of Colombia and Ecuador.

publicMar 2021View details →

Untangling the importance of niche breadth and niche position as drivers of tree species abundance and occupancy across biogeographic regions

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publicDec 2023View details →

Factors shaping the abundance of two butterflies sharing resources and enemies across a biogeographic region

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