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638 results for “biomes”
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 3. Colonization dynamics of Galliformes. Each graph represents the rate of colonization by new lineages for each biome throughout the Cenozoic.
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic biome conservatism as a key concept for an integrative understanding of evolutionary history: Galliformes and Falconiformes as study cases
Figure 1. Schematic explanatory example for transition categories considered in this study: transition with biome conservatism; transition with colonization; and transition with loss of ancestral biome occupation. Note that ancestral biome occupation (for node A) is the same above and below, whereas biome occupations for derived nodes B (above) and C (below) differ.
Cross-biome synthesis of source versus sink limits to tree growth
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Temperature affects the timing and duration of fungal fruiting patterns across major terrestrial biomes
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Meta-analysis shows forest soil CO2 effluxes are dependent on the disturbance regime and biome type
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A new approach to map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes
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Rapid in situ diversification rates in Rhamnaceae explain the parallel evolution of high diversity in temperate biomes from global to local scales
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New indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance to support prioritization and management in the sagebrush biome, United States
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Data from: Habitat fragmentation drives pest termite risk in humid but not arid biomes
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Herbaceous vegetation responses to experimental fire in savannas and forests depend on biome and climate
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Data from: Tropical biome switching: Ant communities transition from savanna to rainforest following cessation of burning
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Data from: Rapid radiation of a plant lineage sheds light on the assembly of dry valley biomes
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LT-Brazil: A database of leaf traits across biomes and vegetation types in Brazil
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Net loss of biomass predicted for tropical biomes in a changing climate
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The relative influence of catchment and site variables on fish and macroinvertebrate richness in Cerrado biome streams. Supplemental Materials Table SM2
<p>Table SM2. Environmental variable descriptions (mean, standard deviation and transformation applied) and<br> relationships with assemblage richness across all 80 sites</p>
Biomes as evolutionary arenas: convergence and conservatism in the trans-continental Succulent Biome
<p><b>Aim: </b>Biomes are globally-distributed, structurally and functionally similar vegetation units, but there is debate about whether these similarities are superficial, and about how biomes are defined and mapped. We propose that combined assessment of evolutionary convergence of plant functional traits and phylogenetic biome conservatism provides a useful approach for characterising biomes. We focus on the little-known succulent biome, a trans-continentally distributed assemblage of succulent-rich, drought-deciduous, fire-free forest, thicket and scrub vegetation as a useful exemplar biome to gain insights into these questions.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Global lowland (sub)tropics.</p> <p><b>Time period: </b>Present.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Angiosperms.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We use a model-ensemble approach to model the distribution of 884 species of stem succulents, a plant functional group representing a striking example of evolutionary convergence. Using this model, phylogenies, and species occurrence data, we quantify phylogenetic succulent biome conservatism for ten non-succulent trans-continental plant clades including prominent elements of the succulent biome, representing over 800 species.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>The geographical and climatic distributions of stem succulents provide an objective and quantitative proxy for mapping the distribution of the succulent biome. High fractions of succulent biome occupancy across continents suggest all ten non-succulent study clades are phylogenetically conserved to the succulent biome.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>The trans-continental succulent and savanna biomes both show evolutionary convergence in key biome-related plant functional traits. However, in contrast to the savanna biome, which was apparently assembled via repeated local recruitment of lineages via biome shifts from adjacent biomes within continents, the succulent biome forms a coherent trans-continental evolutionary arena for drought-adapted tropical biome conserved lineages. Recognizing the important functional differences between the succulent-rich, grass-poor, fire-free succulent biome and the grass-dominated, succulent-poor, fire-prone savanna biome, and defining them as distinct seasonally dry tropical biomes, occupying essentially non-overlapping distributions, provides critical insights into tropical biodiversity and the extent of biome stasis versus biome shifting.</p>
Data from: Modeling phylogenetic biome shifts on a planet with a past
<p>The spatial distribution of biomes has changed considerably over deep time, so the geographical opportunity for an evolutionary lineage to shift into a new biome may depend on how the availability and connectivity of biomes has varied temporally. To better understand how lineages shift between biomes in space and time, we developed a phylogenetic biome shift model in which each lineage shifts between biomes and disperses between regions at rates that depend on the lineage's biome affinity and location relative to the spatiotemporal distribution of biomes at any given time. To study the behavior of the biome shift model in an empirical setting, we developed a literature-based representation of paleobiome structure for three mesic forest biomes, six regions, and eight time strata, ranging from the Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) through the present. We then fitted the model to a time-calibrated phylogeny of 119 <em>Viburnum</em> species to compare how the results responded to various realistic or unrealistic assumptions about paleobiome structure. Ancestral biome estimates that account for paleobiome dynamics reconstructed a warm temperate (or tropical) origin of <em>Viburnum</em>, which is consistent with previous fossil-based estimates of ancestral biomes. Imposing unrealistic paleobiome distributions led to ancestral biome estimates that eliminated support for tropical origins, and instead inflated support for cold temperate ancestry throughout the warmer Paleocene and Eocene. The biome shift model we describe is applicable to the study of evolutionary systems beyond <em>Viburnum</em>, and the core mechanisms of our model are extensible to the design of richer phylogenetic models of historical biogeography and/or lineage diversification. We conclude that biome shift models that account for dynamic geographical opportunities are important for inferring ancestral biomes that are compatible with our understanding of Earth history.</p>
Pioneering polyploids: the impact of whole-genome duplication on biome shifting in New Zealand Coprosma (Rubiaceae) and Veronica (Plantaginaceae)
<p>The role of whole-genome duplication in facilitating shifts into novel biomes remains unknown. Focusing on two diverse woody plant groups in New Zealand, <i>Coprosma </i>(Rubiaceae) and <i>Veronica </i>(Plantaginaceae), we investigate how biome occupancy varies with ploidy level, and test the hypothesis that whole-genome duplication increases the rate of biome shifting.</p> <p>Ploidy levels and biome occupancy (forest, open, and alpine) were determined for indigenous species in both clades. The distribution of low ploidy (<i>Coprosma</i>: 2<i>x</i>, <i>Veronica</i>: 6<i>x</i>) vs high ploidy (<i>Coprosma</i>: 4–10<i>x</i>, <i>Veronica</i>: 12–18<i>x</i>) species across biomes was tested statistically. Estimation of the phylogenetic history of biome occupancy and whole-genome duplication was performed using time-calibrated phylogenies and the R package BioGeoBEARS. Trait-dependent dispersal models were implemented to determine support for an increased rate of biome shifting among high ploidy lineages.</p> <p>We find support for a greater than random portion of high ploidy species occupying multiple biomes. We also find strong support for high ploidy taxa showing a three to eight-fold increase in the rate of biome shifts. These results suggest that whole-genome duplication promotes ecological expansion into new biomes.</p>
Similar but different: Revealing the relative roles of species‐traits versus biome properties structuring genetic variation in South American marsh rats
<p>Aim: Wetland habitats, and the ecological restrictions imposed by them, structure patterns of genetic variation in constituent taxa. As such, genetic variation may reflect properties of the specific biomes species inhabit, or shared life history traits among species may result in similar genetic structure. We evaluated these hypotheses jointly by quantifying the similarity of genetic structure in three South American marsh rat species (Holochilus), and test how genetic variation in each species relates to biome‐specific environmental space and historical stability.</p> <p>Location: South America.</p> <p>Taxon: Rodentia.</p> <p>Methods: Using complementary analyses (Mantel tests, dbRDA, Procrustes, covariance structure of allele frequencies and environmental niche models [ENMs]) with 8,000–32,000 SNPs per species, we quantified the association between genomic variation and geographic and/or environmental differences.</p> <p>Results: Significant association between genetic variation and geography was identified for all species. Similarity in the strength of the association suggests connectivity patterns dictated by shared species‐traits predominate at the biome scale. However, substantial amounts of genetic variation are not explained by geography. Focusing on this portion of the variance, we demonstrate a significant quantitative association between genetic variation and the environmental space of a biome, and a qualitative association with varying regional stability. Specifically, historically stable areas estimated from ecological niche models are correlated with local levels of geographic structuring, suggesting that local biome‐specific histories affect population isolation/ connectivity.</p>
Data from: Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
Climate warming may stimulate microbial metabolism of soil carbon, causing a carbon cycle-climate feedback whereby carbon is redistributed from soil to atmospheric CO2. The magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, in part because warming-induced shifts in microbial physiology and/or community composition could retard or accelerate soil carbon losses. Here, we measure microbial respiration rates for soils collected from 22 sites in each of three years, at locations spanning boreal to tropical climates. Respiration was measured in the laboratory with standard temperatures, moisture and excess carbon substrate, to allow physiological and community effects to be detected independent from the influence of these abiotic controls. Patterns in respiration for soils collected across the climate gradient are consistent with evolutionary theory on physiological responses that compensate for positive effects of temperature on metabolism. Respiration rates per unit microbial biomass were as much as 2.6-times higher for soils sampled from sites with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of -2.0 versus 21.7ºC. Subsequent 100-day incubations suggested differences in the plasticity of the thermal response among microbial communities, with communities sampled from sites with higher MAT having a more plastic response. Our findings are consistent with adaptive metabolic responses to contrasting thermal regimes that are also observed in plants and animals. These results may help build confidence in soil carbon-climate feedback projections by improving understanding of microbial processes represented in biogeochemical models.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.