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124 results for “brood parasitism”
Data from: The evolution of clutch size in hosts of avian brood parasites
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Data from: Brood parasitism is linked to egg pattern diversity within and among species of Australian passerines
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Data from: Trade-offs in parasitism efficiency and brood size mediate parasitoid coexistence, with implications for biological control of the invasive emerald ash borer
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Data from: A tiny cuckoo: risk-dependent interspecific brood parasitism in a predatory mite
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Choice of nest attributes as a frontline defense against brood parasitism
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Conspecific brood parasitism and nest predation in moorhens
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Brood parasitism, provisioning rates and breeding phenology of male and female magpie hosts
<p class="CuerpoA"><span>Parental care is a costly behaviour that raises the prospects of offspring survival. In species with biparental care these costs are shared by both parents, although there may be a conflict regarding the relative investment of each sex. Avian brood parasites leave all the costs of rearing offspring to their hosts. The magnitude of these costs and their consequences on the relative role of both sexes in parental care and future reproduction remain mostly unknown. Here, we investigate whether provisioning rate of nestlings by magpie hosts (<i>Pica pica</i>) differs between broods parasitized by the great spotted cuckoo (<i>Clamator glandarius</i>) and non-parasitized broods, and whether the relative contribution of each sex to provisioning is affected by parasitism. Furthermore, we explore the effect of parasitism on magpie's future reproduction. We found that provisioning rate was similar in parasitized and non-parasitized broods, and that the relative contribution of males and females was also similar, irrespectively of the parasitism status. However, rearing parasitic offspring seems to have a negative long-term effect on magpie's breeding phenology in the following breeding season. Our results suggest that, although brood parasitism by great spotted cuckoos does not seem to influence the relative contribution of both sexes to parental care, it may entail long-term extra costs in terms of breeding delay for magpies.</span></p>
Data from: Clade-limited colonization in brood parasitic finches (Vidua spp.)
The African brood parasitic finches (Vidua spp.) are host specialists that mimic the songs and nestling mouth markings of their finch hosts (family Estrildidae). Although recent molecular analyses suggest rapid speciation associated with host switches in some members of this group, the association of different Vidua lineages with particular host genera suggests the possibility of cospeciation at higher levels in the host and parasite phylogenies. We compared a phylogeny of all Vidua species with a phylogeny of their estrildid finch hosts and compared divergence time estimates for the two groups. Basal divergences among extant members of the Vidulidae and among Vidua species are more recent than those among host genera and species, respectively, allowing a model of cospeciation to be rejected at most or all levels of the Vidua phylogeny. Nonetheless, some tests for cospeciation indicated significant congruence between host and parasite tree topologies. This result may be an artifact of clade-limited colonization. Host switches in parasitic finches have most often involved new hosts in the same or a closely related genus, an effect that increases the apparent congruence of host and parasites trees.
Data from: Host provisioning behavior favors mimetic begging calls in a brood-parasitic cowbird
The vocalizations of some young brood-parasitic birds closely resemble those of their host's young. Such similarities might arise because hosts bestow the greatest parental care in response to their own species' call type. We used a playback experiment to assess the effectiveness of the nestling call structures of two brood parasites, the specialist screaming cowbird (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) and the generalist shiny cowbird (M. bonariensis), in stimulating parental provisioning in a shared host, the baywing (Agelaioides badius). Screaming cowbird begging calls closely resemble those of baywing young and thus should best exploit any bias for species-specific cues. Shiny cowbird calls, in contrast, are unlike baywings but can instead exploit non-specific sensory biases for long call duration and syllable repetition. We found playback of screaming cowbird's mimetic calls elicited increases in feeding rates equivalent to those of playback of the host's own young, while shiny cowbird calls failed to increase provisioning rates above those of no-broadcast control sessions. These results indicate that baywings discriminate between nestling call structures in favour of their own species calls when adjusting parental investment, and support the view that selection for optimal host provisioning can favour vocal mimicry by parasitic offspring.
Data from: No immediate or future extra costs of raising a virulent brood parasite chick
Parental care is an adaptive behaviour increasing the survival of young. Virulent brood parasites, like the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus, avoid the parental care and leave the care for their nestlings to hosts. Although raising a cuckoo is always costly because it kills host's progeny, to date it is not known whether raising of a brood parasite itself represents an extra cost affecting host's fitness. We quantified costs of rearing a cuckoo nestling in the most frequent host, the reed warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus. We measured changes in the host physical (body mass) and physiological conditions (stress levels quantified via heterophils/lymphocytes ratio) within the one breeding attempt (immediate cost) and re-trapped some of these adults in the next breeding season to estimate return rates as a measure of their survival (future cost). In contrast to universal claims in the literature, raising a cuckoo nestling did not entail any extra immediate or future costs for hosts. This counterintuitive result reconciles theoretical expectations in the hosts with surprisingly low levels of counter-defences, including the reed warbler. Unexpectedly low costs of parasitism may also explain a long-term maintenance of some host-parasite systems.
Data from: A generalist brood parasite modifies use of a host in response to reproductive success
Avian obligate brood parasites, which rely solely on hosts to raise their young, should choose the highest quality hosts to maximize reproductive output. Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) are extreme host generalists, yet female cowbirds could use information based on past reproductive outcomes to make egg-laying decisions thus minimizing fitness costs associated with parasitizing low-quality hosts. We use a long-term (21 years) nest-box study of a single host, the prothonotary warbler (Protonotaria citrea), to show that local cowbird reproductive success, but not host reproductive success, was positively correlated with the probability of parasitism the following year. Experimental manipulations of cowbird success corroborated that female cowbirds make future decisions about which hosts to use based on information pertaining to past cowbird success, both within and between years. The within-year pattern, in particular, points to local cowbird females selecting hosts based on past reproductive outcomes. This, coupled with high site fidelity of female cowbirds between years, points to information use, rather than cowbird natal returns alone, increasing parasitism rates on highly productive sites between years.
Data from: Big groups attract bad eggs: brood parasitism correlates with but does not cause cooperative breeding
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Data from: Host provisioning behavior favors mimetic begging calls in a brood-parasitic cowbird
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Data from: Kin grouping is insufficient to explain the inclusive fitness gains of conspecific brood parasitism in the common eider
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Data from: Differential visual ornamentation between brood-parasitic and parental cuckoos
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Brood parasitism, provisioning rates and breeding phenology of male and female magpie hosts
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Age-related brood parasitism and egg rejection in magpie hosts
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Data from: A generalist brood parasite modifies use of a host in response to reproductive success
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Data from: Avian brood parasitism and ectoparasite richness – scale-dependent diversity interactions in a three-level host-parasite system
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Data from: No immediate or future extra costs of raising a virulent brood parasite chick
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