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publicMay 2021View details →

Intraspecific genetic variation matters when predicting seagrass distribution under climate change

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publicFeb 2022View details →

Mimulus cardinalis plasticity analyses and R scripts for: Spatial variation in high temperature-regulated gene expression predicts evolution of plasticity with climate change in the scarlet monkeyflower

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publicMar 2024View details →

Data from: Variation in genomic vulnerability to climate change across temperate populations of eelgrass (Zostera marina)

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publicApr 2024View details →

Climate biogeography of Arabidopsis thaliana: Linking distribution models and individual variation

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opencc-zeroJun 2020View details →

Data from: Heritable variation in root secondary metabolites is associated with recent climate

1. Plants can adapt to changing environments by adjusting the production and maintenance of diverse sets of bioactive secondary metabolites. To date, the impact of climatic conditions relative to other factors such as soil abiotic factors and herbivore pressure on the evolution of plant secondary metabolites is poorly understood, especially for plant roots. 2. We explored associations between root latex secondary metabolites in 63 Taraxacum officinale populations across Switzerland and climatic conditions, soil abiotic parameters, root herbivore pressure and cytotype distribution. To assess the contribution of environmental effects, root secondary metabolites were measured in F0 plants in nature and F2 plants under controlled greenhouse conditions. 3. Concentrations of root latex secondary metabolites were most strongly associated with climatic conditions, while current soil abiotic factors or root herbivore pressure did not show a clear association with root latex chemistry. Results were similar for natural and controlled conditions, suggesting heritable variation rather than environmental plasticity as underlying factor. 4. Synthesis. We conclude that climatic conditions likely play a major role in the evolution of root secondary metabolites. These results may hint at a novel role of root latex metabolites in tolerance of abiotic stress.

opencc-zeroMay 2021View details →

Data from: Behavioral constraints on local adaptation and counter-gradient variation: implications for climate change

Resource allocation to growth, reproduction, and body maintenance varies within species along latitudinal gradients. Two hypotheses explaining this variation are local adaptation and counter-gradient variation. The local adaptation hypothesis proposes that populations are adapted to local environmental conditions and are therefore less adapted to environmental conditions at other locations. The counter-gradient variation hypothesis proposes that one population out performs others across an environmental gradient because its source location has greater selective pressure than other locations. Our study had two goals. First, we tested the local adaptation and counter-gradient variation hypotheses by measuring effects of environmental temperature on phenotypic expression of reproductive traits in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis Say, from three populations along a latitudinal gradient in a common garden experimental design. Second, we compared patterns of variation to evaluate whether traits co-vary or whether local adaptation of traits preclude adaptive responses by others. Across a latitudinal range, N. orbicollis exhibits variation in initiating reproduction and brood sizes. Consistent with local adaptation, (1) beetles were less likely to initiate breeding at extreme temperatures, especially when that temperature represents their source range; (2) once beetles initiate reproduction, source populations produce relatively larger broods at temperatures consistent with their local environment. Consistent with counter-gradient variation, lower latitude populations were more successful at producing offspring at lower temperatures. We found no evidence for adaptive variation in other adult or offspring performance traits. This suite of traits does not appear to coevolve along the latitudinal gradient. Rather, response to selection to breed within a narrow temperature range may preclude selection on other traits. Our study highlights that N. orbicollis uses temperature as an environmental cue to determine whether to initiate reproduction, providing insight into how behavior is modified to avoid costly reproductive attempts. Furthermore, our results suggest a temperature constraint that shapes reproductive behavior.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: Bee phenology is predicted by climatic variation and functional traits

Climate change is shifting the environmental cues that determine the phenology of interacting species. Plant-pollinator systems may be susceptible to temporal mismatch if bees and flowering plants differ in their phenological responses to warming temperatures. While the cues that trigger flowering are well-understood, little is known about what determines bee phenology. Using Generalized Additive Models, we analyzed time-series data representing 67 bee species collected over nine years in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to perform the first community-wide quantification of the drivers of bee phenology. Bee emergence was sensitive to climatic variation, advancing with earlier snowmelt timing, while later phenophases were best explained by functional traits including overwintering stage and nest location. Comparison of these findings to a long-term flower study showed that bee phenology is less sensitive than flower phenology to climatic variation, indicating potential for reduced synchrony of flowers and pollinators under climate change.

FIGURE 6 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 6. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) plots for males and females together, including Georgian specimens. Specimens, sample centroids and group perimeters are represented. For details, percentage of variance explained, and other data, see text.

FIGURE 3 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 3. UPGMA trees (males) derived from Mahalanobis' distances among sample centroids. See text for interpretation.

FIGURE 8 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 8. Box Plots of dorsalia values in different populations of the D, clarkorum/dryada studied (numbers of samples as in Material and Methods): 1) Sümela, 2) Çataldere, 3) Hemşin, 4) Ayder, 5) Hatila Plateau, 6) Ortacalar 7) Subaşı & Yoldere (Turkish "dryada"), 8) Cankurtaran Pass, 9) Karagöl, 10) Charnaly River Gorge (Georgian D. dryada). The center is the median, the length of the rectangle is the interquartile range (from the 25th to the 75th percentile) and represents the central 50% of data. Line is the spread from minimum to maximum values. Green point is a severe outlier.

FIGURE 2 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 2. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) plots for males. Specimens, sample centroids and group perimeters are represented. For details, percentage of variance explained, and other data, see text.

FIGURE 5 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 5. UPGMA trees (females) derived from Mahalanobis' distances among sample centroids. See text for interpretation.

FIGURE 1. Map showing the localities from where specimens have been studied. 1 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 1. Map showing the localities from where specimens have been studied. 1. Sümela, Maçka, Trabzon, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 2. Çataldere, Kaptanpaşa, Rize, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 3. 11 km southwest of Hemşin, Rize, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 4. Ayder Plateau, Çamlıhemşin, Rize, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 5. Hatila Plateau, Artvin, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 6. 16 km northeast of Ortacalar, Arhavi, Artvin, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 7. Subaşı Village, Hopa, Artvin, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 8. Cankurtaran, Hopa, Artvin, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 9. Karagöl, Borçka, Artvin, northeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 10. Charnaly, Georgia

FIGURE 4 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 4. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) plots for females. Specimens, sample centroids and group perimeters are represented. For details, percentage of variance explained, and other data, see text.

FIGURE 9 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 9. Plot showing the inverse relationship between altitude and dorsalia mean values in the studied D. clarkorum/D. dryada populations (Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient: ρ = -0.72; P=0.01).

FIGURE 7 in Multivariate analysis of geographic variation in Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977), correlation with geographic and climatic parameters, and true status of Darevskia dryada (Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)

FIGURE 7. UPGMA trees derived from Mahalanobis' distances among sample centroids. See text for interpretation (males and females together, Turkey and Georgia).

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Ecophysiological variation across a forest-ecotone gradient produces divergent climate change vulnerability within species

Climate change related risks and impacts on ectotherms will be mediated by habitats and their influence on local thermal environments. While many studies have documented morphological and genetic aspects of niche divergence across habitats, few have examined thermal performance across such gradients and directly linked this variation to contemporary climate change impacts. In this study, we quantified variation in thermal performance across a gradient from forest to gallery forest-savanna mosaic in Cameroon for a skink species (Trachylepis affinis) known to be diverging genetically and morphologically across that habitat gradient. Based on these results, we then applied a mechanistic modelling approach (NicheMapR) to project changes in potential activity, as constrained by thermal performance, in response to climate change. As a complimentary approach, we also compared mechanistic projections with climate-driven changes in habitat suitability based on species distribution models of forest and ecotone skinks. We found that ecotone skinks may benefit from warming and experience increased activity while forest skinks will likely face a drastic decrease in thermal suitability across the forest zone. Species distribution models projected that thermal suitability for forest skinks in coastal forests would decline but in other parts of the forest zone skinks are projected to experience increased thermal suitability. The results here highlight the utility of mechanistic approaches in revealing and understanding patterns of climate change vulnerability which may not be detected with species distribution models alone. This study also emphasizes the importance of intra-specific physiological variation, and habitat-specific thermal performance relationships in particular, in determining warming responses.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Global gradients in intraspecific variation in vegetative and floral traits are partially associated with climate and species richness

Aim Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) within natural plant communities can be large, influencing local ecological processes and dynamics. Here, we shed light on how ITV in vegetative and floral traits responds to large-scale abiotic and biotic gradients (i.e. climate and species richness). Specifically, we tested if associations of ITV with temperature, precipitation and species richness were consistent with any of from four hypotheses relating to stress-tolerance and competition. Furthermore, we estimated the degree of correlation between ITV in vegetative and floral traits and how they vary along the gradients. Location Global. Time period 1975-2016. Major taxa studied Herbaceous and woody plants. Methods We compiled a dataset of 18,112 measurements of the absolute extent of ITV (measured as coefficient of variation) in nine vegetative and seven floral traits from 2,774 herbaceous and woody species at 2,306 locations. Results Large-scale associations between ITV and climate were trait-specific and more prominent for vegetative traits, especially leaf morphology, than for floral traits. ITV showed pronounced associations with climate, with lower ITV values in colder areas and higher values in drier areas. The associations of ITV with species richness were inconsistent across traits. Species-specific associations across gradients were often idiosyncratic and covariation in ITV was weaker between vegetative and floral traits than within the two trait groups. Main conclusions Our results show that, depending on the traits considered, ITV either increased or decreased with climate stress and species richness, suggesting that both factors can constrain or enhance ITV, which might foster plant-population persistence under stressful conditions. Given the species-specific responses and covariation in ITV, associations can be hard to predict for traits and species not yet studied. We conclude that considering ITV can improve our understanding of how plants cope with stressful conditions and environmental change across spatial and biological scales.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Influence of late Quaternary climate change on present patterns of genetic variation in valley oak, Quercus lobata Née

Phylogeography and ecological niche models (ENMs) suggest that late Quaternary glacial cycles have played a prominent role in shaping present population genetic structure and diversity, but have not applied quantitative methods to dissect the relative contribution of past and present climate vs. other forces. We integrate multilocus phylogeography, climate-based ENMs and multivariate statistical approaches to infer the effects of late Quaternary climate change on contemporary genetic variation of valley oak (Quercus lobata Née). ENMs indicated that valley oak maintained a stable distribution with local migration from the last interglacial period (~120 ka) to the Last Glacial Maximum (~21 ka, LGM) to the present compared with large-scale range shifts for an eastern North American white oak (Quercus alba L.). Coast Range and Sierra Nevada foothill populations diverged in the late Pleistocene before the LGM [104 ka (28–1622)] and have occupied somewhat distinct climate niches, according to ENMs and coalescent analyses of divergence time. In accordance with neutral expectations for stable populations, nuclear microsatellite diversity positively correlated with niche stability from the LGM to present. Most strikingly, nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite variation significantly correlated with LGM climate, even after controlling for associations with geographic location and present climate using partial redundancy analyses. Variance partitioning showed that LGM climate uniquely explains a similar proportion of genetic variance as present climate (16% vs. 11–18%), and together, past and present climate explains more than geography (19%). Climate can influence local expansion–contraction dynamics, flowering phenology and thus gene flow, and/or impose selective pressures. These results highlight the lingering effect of past climate on genetic variation in species with stable distributions.