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Figure 4 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Figure 4 Experimental design and hypotheses of the Ecotron Experiment. Briefly, four treatments will be established based on monoliths from a selection of the 9-year old Trait-Based Experiment (TBE; Ebeling et al. 2014) and from bare ground plots of the Jena Experiment as well as two seed sources: the respective plots and the original seed material that was used for the set-up of the TBE. (1) With plot-specific plant history and with plot-specific soil history; (2) without plot-specific plant history and with plot-specific soil history; (3) with plot-specific plant history and without plot-specific soil history; and (4) without plot-specific plant history and without plot-specific soil history. We expect the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships to differ among the four treatments (see main text for details).
Figure 3 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Figure 3 Hypothesized slope of BEF relationships in the different treatments of the Field Experiment (see main text for details). Note that the 'with plant history, with soil history' only serves as a control in the Field Experiment, and effects of plant history can only be tested in the planned Ecotron Experiment. Redrawn after Vogel et al. (2019). '+', with; '-', without.
Supplementary material 4 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Detailed design of the Ecotron Experiment
Supplementary material 5 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Brief description of the Ecotron Experiment
Figure 2 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Figure 2 Structure of the proposed Research Unit. Three complementary experimental approaches are envisaged to study long-term biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships, and how these are influenced by plant history and soil history. BEF patterns are studied in the Field Experiment with long-term plant diversity plots and manipulations of soil-history effects. BEF mechanisms are studied in the Ecotron Experiment and in Microcosm Experiments. In the Ecotron Experiment, plant history and soil history are independently crossed and detailed process measurements are possible. The Microcosm Experiments zoom in on focal interactions. In the Field Experiment and in the Ecotron Experiment, studies are conducted at the community level as well as at the plant individual level (magnifier; see detailed design of studies in the Appendices). Subprojects' (SPs') participation in experiments are illustrated with lines. The SPs of the proposed Research Unit fall into two tightly linked main categories (in gray) with two research areas each that aim at exploring variation in community assembly processes, micro-evolutionary changes, and resulting differences in biotic interactions as determinants of the long-term BEF relationship. Subprojects under "Microbial community assembly" (blue) and "Assembly and functions of animal communities" (red) mostly focus on plant diversity effects on the assembly of communities and their feedback effects on biotic interactions and ecosystem functions, while subprojects under "Mediators of plant-biotic interactions" (orange) and "Intraspecific diversity and micro-evolutionary changes" (green) mostly focus on plant diversity effects on plant trait expression and micro-evolution. PIs with requested personnel are underlined.
Supplementary material 3 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Plant species lists of the Field Experiment and the Ecotron Experiment
Figure 4 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure 4 Body length (ABL) (mm) for carabid individuals collected in FP and TF forests, excluding Cicindelini. Body length for FP forest was significantly larger than TF forest (P < 0.001).
Figure E1 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure E1 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination based on Jaccard dissimilarity values (presence/absence data) of Carabidae morphospecies assemblages for FP and TF forests (stress = 13.7, k = 2). Each data point represents one of the 24 sampling sites. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in morphospecies assemblages occurred between FP and TF.
Figure D2 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure D2 Numbers of morphospecies for Carabidae tribes with significant differences (P < 0.05) between FP and TF forests.
Figure D1 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure D1 Numbers of individuals for Carabidae tribes with significant differences (P < 0.05) between FP and TF forests.
Figure 3 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure 3 Inverse Simpson index (1/D) for FP forest and TF forest carabid beetle samples. FP forest had significantly higher 1/D values than TF forest (P = 0.003).
Figure 1 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure 1 Maps of the field sites A country boundaries of South America with the Amazon Basin indicated by the heavier outline B Ecuador with the locations of TBS as a red circle and the boundaries of Yasuní National Park shaded C a DEM of the study area. The 24 sampling sites are indicated, with blue squares representing FP forest sites and green circles for TF forest. Latitude and longitude (in DD) shown along x and y axes. Maps generated through R packages: 'raster' (Hijmans 2015), 'sp' (Pebesma and Bivand 2005; Bivand et al. 2013), 'GISTools' (Brunsdon and Chen 2014), and 'maps' (Becker et al. 2015).
Figure C3 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure C3 Morphospecies relative abundance by the number of sampling sites at which they were present. Point markers represent the 143 morphospecies coded according the three rarity categories: 'dominant' (circle), 'common' (triangles) and 'rare' (diamonds). Morphospecies classified as 'dominant' occurred at a higher number of sampling sites than 'common' morphospecies. 'Common' morphospecies occurred at a higher number of sampling sites than 'rare' morphospecies (P < 0.001).
Figure 6 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure 6 Simpson's evenness index (E1/D) for species assemblages were significantly more even from FP than TF forests (P = 0.008).
Figure 2 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure 2 Carabid beetle rarefaction curves. Interpolation (solid lines) indicated by filled point markers represents the sampling extent of the current study. Extrapolation curves based on the Chao1 nonparametric diversity estimator are shown (dashed lines). Shaded areas depict unconditional 95% confidence intervals A the overall dataset with both forest types combined and richness extrapolated to n = 2,510 (twice the number of individuals collected) B rarefaction curves for FP forests (blue square) and TF forests (green circle) with sample size extrapolated to n = 1,128 (twice the number of individuals collected in FP forests). FP forests (96 ± 8.0) were significantly more species rich than TF forests (72 ± 8.1) at the rarefied sample size (n = 564). The extrapolated rarefaction curves suggest the difference in cumulative morphospecies richness between FP and TF will decrease as sample size increases.
Figure C1 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure C1 Number of individuals for the morphospecies cicindelid Pentacomia species b (Pentb) for FP and TF forests (P = 0.02).
Figure 8 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure 8 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for carabid morphospecies assemblages from FP and TF forests (stress = 13.7, k = 2). Each data point represents one of 24 sampling sites, with blue squares representing FP forest sites and green circles representing TF forest sites. Morphospecies assemblages were significantly different between FP and TF (P < 0.001).
Figure 3 from: Tsafack N, Wang X, Xie Y, Fattorini S (2021) Niche overlap and species co-occurrence patterns in carabid communities of the northern Chinese steppes. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 929-949. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62478
Figure 3 Histograms of expected values (blue bars) for species co-occurrence (c-scores) in carabid beetle communities of Central Asian steppes using the fixed-fixed algorithm to generate 10,000 null matrices. Investigated ecosystems were a desert steppe (a), a typical steppe (b), a meadow steppe (c), three sectors within the typical steppe (d–f), and two sectors within the meadow steppe (g, h). In each graph, the vertical red line indicates the observed value, long-dash lines indicate the one-tailed 95% limits, and the short-dash lines the two-tailed 95% limits.
Supplementary material 1 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Geolocation data for sampling sites at Tiputini Biodiversity Station
Figure A1 from: Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL (2021) Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. In: Spence J, Casale A, Assmann T, Liebherr JК, Penev L (Eds) Systematic Zoology and Biodiversity Science: A tribute to Terry Erwin (1940-2020). ZooKeys 1044: 831-876. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340
Figure A1 Water height for the Tiputini River at Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador. (A) Monthly values represent overall mean river height and the mean maxima and minima based on data from 2009–2014 (B) three years before and after the sampling period for this study. Monthly river height values during the sampling periods, 2011 (B) and 2012 (C) for mean river height in addition to water height maxima and minima.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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