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1,478 results for “coral reefs”
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Scleractinian corals (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/357/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/291/2. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: These data are evidence of the the long-term dynamics of shallow coral reefs along the south coast of St. John from as early as 1987. These data describe coral reef community structure as percent cover based on the analysis of color photographs. All of these data originate from color images of photoquadrats recorded annually (usually in the summer) from as early as 1987. The data falls into three groups. The two groups that are contained in this data package are (1) Tektite & Yawzi and (2) Random sites. The juvenile coral density is packaged separately. Tektite – this is at 14 m depth on the eastern side of Great Lameshur Bay and is the original site of the Tektite man-in-the sea project in 1969; this project marked the birth of the Virgin Islands Ecological Research Station (later the Virgin Islands Environmental Resource Station) that hosts the field component of the project. The reef in this location consists of a single buttress that has remained dominated by Montastraea anularis since the start of the research (1987). These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Yawzi – this is at 9 m depth and is on the western side of Great Lameshur Bay and has been recorded photographically since 1987. This reef also started the study period dominated by Montastraea annularis, but has degraded much more rapidly that the Tektite site. These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Random sit
Scott Reef and Rowley Shoals Coral Bleaching Data
Coral reefs have evolved over millennia to survive disturbances. Yet, in just a few decades chronic local pressures and the climate catastrophe have accelerated so quickly that most coral reefs are now threatened. Rising ocean temperatures and recurrent bleaching pose the biggest threat, affecting even remote and well-managed reefs on global scales. We illustrate how coral bleaching is altering reefs by contrasting the dynamics of adjacent reef systems over more than two decades. Both reef systems sit near the edge of the northwest Australia’s continental shelf, have escaped chronic local pressures and are regularly affected by tropical storms and cyclones. The Scott reef system has experienced multiple bleaching events, including mass bleaching in 1998 and 2016, from which it is unlikely to fully recover. The Rowley Shoals has maintained a high cover and diversity of corals and has not yet been impacted by mass bleaching. We show how the dynamics of both reef systems were driven by a combination of local environment, exposure to disturbances and coral life history traits, and consider future shifts in community structure with ongoing climate change. We then demonstrate how applying knowledge of community dynamics at local scales can aid management strategies to slow the degradation of coral reefs until carbon emissions and other human impacts are properly managed.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Community Dynamics: Abundance and Species Richness of Fishes Associated with the Coral Porites rus 2000 thru 2011
These data describe the species richness and abundance as part of MCR LTER's reef fish monitoring program to track long-term patterns in species abundance and diversity. This study began in 2000 in the lagoons off of the north shore of the island of Moorea, French Polynesia and the dataset is updated annually. The abundance and life history stage (adults, juveniles or recruits) of all taxa of fishes associated with selected colonies (5-16 colonies per site) of the mound forming coral Porites rus are recorded at seven reef sites located along the north shore of Moorea. These sites are characterized by differences in water depth, distance to the fore reef and the number and types of neighboring corals. Counts are performed by a pair of divers using SCUBA and include semi-cryptic species. The collection of these data was suspended following the last survey conducted in July 2011 due to the extremely low abundance of live P. rus at these locations.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Bathymetry Grid for North Shore
These bathymetric data are a combined product of digitized SHOM nautical charts, SRTM30plus bathymetry, small boat surveys, and bathymetry derived from Worldview-2 satellite imagery. Satellite data were collected in collaboration with Le centre de L'Environment de Moorea (CRIOBE). Data products are (x,y,z) point data and images in Coordinate system: UTM zone 6S and Datum: WGS-84.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column nutrient data in lagoons of Moorea, French Polynesia
Nutrients are important for ecosystem structure and community dynamics. To quantify fine-scale patterns of variation in water column nutrients in tropical lagoon ecosystems, nitrite + nitrate, phosphate, and silicate were quantified from water column samples collected in lagoons around Moorea, French Polynesia during April-May starting in 2021 using flow injection with an automated ion analyzer. Over the first three years, water column nitrite + nitrate and silicate were higher in bays and fringing reef habitats, and phosphate was higher in bays.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Growth and scaling of photosynthetic energy intake in Fungia concinna: Elahi & Edmunds 2007 JEMBE
For many marine invertebrates, the maximum size of an individual is influenced heavily by environmental factors and may be limited by energetic constraints. In this study, an energetic model developed originally for anemones was applied to the free-living scleractinian Fungia concinna (Verrill) from Moorea, French Polynesia to test the hypothesis that energetic constraints limit the size of this solitary coral. The modified model assumed that photosynthesis was the primary source of metabolic energy, and that metabolic costs were represented by aerobic respiration; these sources and sinks of energy were compared using daily energy budgets that were analyzed using double logarithmic regressions of energy against coral size. These data were published in Elahi, R. and P.J. Edmunds. 2007. Determinate growth and the scaling of photosynthetic energy intake in the solitary coral Fungia concinna (Verrill). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349:183-193. and were part of the masters thesis of R. Elahi (2005). This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Diadema predation and recruitment in Moorea, French Polynesia
These are field data from Moorea, French Polynesia regarding the population dynamics of Diadema savignyi. Data were collected during the austral winters in 2009 and 2010. Four datasets are provided: (1) recruitment data of Diadema savignyi over the course of ~9 weeks during the austral winter of 2010, (2) predation data of adult Diadema using a tethering experiment, (3) urchin abundance surveys for 2009 and 2010, and (4) a 9 week weekly survey of newly recruited Diadema (test diameter). These data are part of a PhD dissertation, "Herbivore Community Dynamics and Functional Compositions in Moorea, French Polynesia", 2014, published by ProQuest.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: pH Time Series from Bottom-mounted SeaFET on the Fringing Reef, January-February 2011
Bottom-mounted instrumentation (SeaFET, Seabird thermistors) sampled for 6 weeks on the fringing reef of Moorea Island, French Polynesia at site LTER Fringe 1. Sampling began in January 2011. The instruments were secured to a cement piling at 3.3 meters depth and 0.7 meters above the sandy bottom. The SeaFET recorded voltages from a thermistor and pH electrodes at a 10-minute sampling interval. Discrete seawater samples were collected using a Niskin bottle during the deployment; pH, salinity, and total alkalinity of this sample were measured to calculate seawater pH (total scale) from raw SeaFET data as well as other carbonate chemistry parameters. The Seabird thermistors provided measures of seawater temperature at 10-minute sampling intervals. These data are published in Rivest, E.B. and G.E. Hofmann. 2014. Responses of the metabolism of the larvae of Pocillopora damicornis to ocean acidification and warming. PLoS ONE DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0096172
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Effects of Flow and Temperature on Growth and Photophysiology of Scleractinian Corals in Moorea, French Polynesia
To test for threshold effects in the response of coral physiology to increasing seawater flow, field and laboratory experiments were conducted in Moorea. First, the growth of juvenile massive Porites spp. and branching P. irregularis was compared among habitats differing in water motion. Growth of massive Porites spp. responded to flow in a pattern consistent with a threshold effect, whereas growth of P. irregularis increased linearly with flow. Second, a recirculating flume was used to test the effect of flow on photophysiology (ΔF⁄Fm'), effective photochemical efficiency) for massive Porites spp.; ΔF⁄Fm' displayed a threshold response at 23 cm/sec and 28 °C, but not at 31 °C. Finally, intra-colony variation in the response of ΔF⁄Fm' to flow and temperature was explored to evaluate the functional significance of colony shape in small corals. ΔF⁄Fm' on the top and upstream surfaces of massive Porites spp. responded with a threshold effect of flow at 28 °C (but not 31 °C), but ΔF⁄Fm' on downstream surfaces was unresponsive to flow. ΔF⁄Fm' for P. irregularis was less responsive to flow than for massive Porites spp., suggesting that the photophysiological response of corals to varying flow speeds may differ between species and morphologies. Together, these results emphasize that flow can have diverse effects on the physiology of corals, with the outcome depending on flow speed, temperature, location on the colony, and perhaps morphology. These data were published in The Biological Bulletin and were part of the masters thesis of W. Goldenheim (2011).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral Larval Metabolism in pH and Temperature Treatments
In this study, we explored plasticity of physiological responses of coral larvae from a reef in French Polynesia. The study was motivated by these questions: (1) what is the present-day exposure of Pocillopora damicornis to natural variability of pH and temperature on the natal reef?, (2) what is the response of P. damicornis larvae to conditions of decreased pH and warming, measured via two indices of metabolism - rates of oxygen consumption and citrate synthase activity?, and (3) are there differences in larval sensitivity to environmental change between cohorts that are released from adult colonies at different times? P. damicornis larvae were incubated for 6 hours in seawater containing combinations of CO2 concentration (450 and 950 μatm) and temperature (28 and 30C). Rates of larval oxygen consumption were higher at elevated temperatures. In contrast, high CO2 levels elicited depressed metabolic rates, most dramatically for larvae released later in the spawning period. Rates of citrate synthase, a rate-limiting enzyme in aerobic metabolism, suggested a biochemical limit for increasing oxidative capacity in a warming, acidifying ocean. Biological responses were also compared between cohorts, larvae released from adult colonies on the same day. The metabolic physiology of P. damicornis larvae varied significantly by day of release. Without adaptation or acclimatization, only a portion of naive P. damicornis larvae may have suitable metabolic phenotypes for maintaining function and fitness in an end-of-the century ocean. These data are published in Rivest, E.B. and G.E. Hofmann. 2014. Responses of the metabolism of the larvae of Pocillopora damicornis to ocean acidification and warming. PLoS ONE DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0096172
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Growth and Survivorship of Dascyllus trimaculatus
The influence of density-dependent and number-dependent processes on individual demographic rates often results in ecological tradeoffs. Because such processes have important implications for individual level fitness and population regulation, they long have been an important topic in ecological research. I used Dascyllus trimaculatus, a site-attached planktivorous coral reef fish, to determine independently the effects of population density and group size on rates of individual growth and mortality. Somatic growth of D. trimaculatus was positively related to the density of D. trimaculatus outplanted to host anenomes, Heteractis magnifica, with nearly twice as much growth observed in individuals living in the highest density treatment. By contrast, survivorship of D. trimaculatus on H. magnifica exhibited a negative relationship with density. There was no significant effect of group size on either the growth or mortality rates of D. trimaculatus. These relationships suggest a tradeoff between density-dependent growth and survival in this species. My analysis of behavioral data indicated that D. trimaculatus living under conditions of higher local population densities displayed decreased rates of intraspecific aggression because of positive feedback between local population density and the foraging distance from an individual’s host anemone. In turn, lower rates of aggression and feeding higher in the water column resulted in increased somatic growth rates due to: (1) a reduced energy expenditure and (2) an increase in prey consumption. These data are part of a Master's Thesis published by ProQuest: Nielsen, Jessica Anne. Effects of density on behaviorally-mediated tradeoffs between growth and survivorship. MA Thesis, University of California Santa Barbara, 2013. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Res
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Mean Daily Recruitment of Three-spot Dascyllus to Gump Reef, 1992 to 2012
These data describe the abundance of settler-stage three-spot dascyllus (Dascyllus trimaculatus), a planktivorous damselfish to their juvenile microhabitat, the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica. Surveys were begun in 1993, and, except for 1994, have been conducted daily each year between June and September on a reef adjacent to the UC Berkeley Gump Research Station in Cooks Bay on the north shore of the island of Moorea in French Polynesia. This time series completed in 2012.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Ocean Currents and Biogeochemistry: Moored Thermistor String Data - CBYTS
A vertically moored thermistor string sampled year-round on the reef at Cook's Bay in Moorea, French Polynesia. Sampling began in 2005 and ended in August 2011. All data have been interpolated onto a 20 min grid. Thermistors were spaced vertically along the mooring line 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 meters above the bottom. Pressure measurements are also provided from two of the instruments typically located at 4 and 20 meters above the bottom.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Benthic Community Dynamics: Island Scale Coral Cover Analysis
These data describe the results of outer reef surveys that are conducted on an irregular schedule to quantify coral reef community dynamics on a scale of kilometers. The first island-wide survey was completed in 2006, and the second in 2010; we anticipate conducting such surveys every 5-6 years or as needed to capture the large-scale effects of disturbance regimes. The island-wide sampling adds 3 new sites per shore (for a total of 5 sites/shore with the fixed LTER sites) in each year that the larger scale analyses are completed.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coupled Natural-Human Systems: GPS-enabled survey of fish in Moorea’s lagoons
This dataset includes counts and sizes of fish within Moorea’s lagoons, with more than 130,000 fish recorded between 2018 and 2021. In summer of each year observers swim through Moorea’s lagoons, observing a 5-m wide swath and recording species and sizes of fish encountered in every minute of swim (about 10 linear meters of sampling). The fish counts are limited to a fixed species list (57 taxa) which was chosen to capture most of the reef associated species targeted in Moorea’s fishery, as well as important herbivores. Only fish larger than 10 cm were recorded, a size chosen to match the small end of fish observed in the catch. The resulting counts were georeferenced based on simultaneously collecting GPS data. Data are presented here on the scale of a minute of sampling. This scale coincides with benthic data which was simultaneously collected but is presented in a different data set (EDI data package: knb-lter-mcr.4014.1) doi:10.6073/pasta/f1e4cbcd79ebbbb0b0cbb79ab2ff8901 These data were collected as part of CNH-L: Multiscale Dynamics of Coral Reef Fisheries: Feedbacks Between Fishing Practices, Livelihood Strategies, and Shifting Dominance of Coral and Algae (BCS-1714704) with additional support from the Moorea Coral Reef LTER (OCE- 1637396).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coupled Natural-Human Systems: GPS Benthic Data
This dataset includes cover of benthic organisms and substrates in more than 600,000 photographic samples of Moorea’s lagoon habitats, collected between 2018 and 2021. In summer of each year swimmers towed downward facing cameras, taking 1.5 photos per second of habitats they passed over. The resulting pictures were processed through a computer vision algorithm (CoralNet), resulting in percent cover estimates in each photo of organisms such as coral and algae and substrates such as sand and rubble. These data were georeferenced based on simultaneously collecting GPS data. Data are presented here on the scale of the photograph, and are also aggregated to the scale of a minute of sampling and a transect of swimming. The latter scales are chosen to coincide with fish counting data which was simultaneously collected but is presented in a different data set (EDI data package ID: knb-lter-mcr.4013.1) doi:10.6073/pasta/ff3de88334edda65fef26de45ff26c1d These data were collected as part of CNH-L: Multiscale Dynamics of Coral Reef Fisheries: Feedbacks Between Fishing Practices, Livelihood Strategies, and Shifting Dominance of Coral and Algae (BCS-1714704) with additional support from the Moorea Coral Reef LTER (OCE- 1637396).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Offshore Water Profiles: CTD Transects
This dataset contains vertical water column profiles along transects heading offshore over the forereefs on the three sides of Moorea. These sides are designated north, southeast, and southwest. This process study intended to look for a hypothesized buoyant flow that would account for the counter-clockwise (CCW) circulation around the island. These transects were designed to look for cross-shore density gradients associated with the CCW flow. The SeaBird SBE19-Plus Profiler (CTD), outfitted with WetLabs FLNTURT-221 fluorometer, was cast at closely-spaced stations along transects oriented approximately normal to the three sides of the island. Standard CTD parameters (conductivity, temperature, and density) were used to calculate salinity, depth, and other physical quantities. No bottle samples were collected on these cruises.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Bay Water Profiles: CTD Transects
This dataset contains vertical water column profiles along transects in Opunohu Bay and Cook’s Bay on the north side of Moorea. The SeaBird SBE19-Plus Profiler (CTD), outfitted with WetLabs FLNTURT-221 fluorometer, was cast at closely-spaced stations along transects down the length of the bays. Standard CTD parameters (conductivity, temperature, and density) were used to calculate salinity, depth, and other physical quantities. No bottle samples were collected on these cruises. Profiles in the bays were obtained when sea conditions offshore prohibited sampling over the forereef.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral Growth in Temperature and Alkalinity Treatments: Edmunds 2011 Limnology & Oceanography
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript; published in Edmunds, PJ (2011) Limnology and Oceanography 56: 2402-2410 doi: 10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2402 I tested the hypothesis that the effects of high pCO2 and temperature on massive Porites spp. (Scleractinia) are modified by heterotrophic feeding (zooplanktivory). Small colonies of massive Porites spp. from the back reef of Moorea, French Polynesia, were incubated for 1 month under combinations of temperature (29.3 C vs. 25.6 C), pCO2 (41.6 vs. 81.5 Pa), and feeding regimes (none vs. ad libitum access to live Artemia spp.), with the response assessed using calcification and biomass. Area-normalized calcification was unaffected by pCO2, temperature, and the interaction between the two, although it increased 40% with feeding. Biomass increased 35% with feeding and tended to be higher at 25.6 C compared to 29.3 C, and as a result, biomass-normalized calcification statistically was unaffected by feeding, but was depressed 12-17% by high pCO2, with the effect accentuated at 25.6 C. These results show that massive Porites spp. has the capacity to resist the effects on calcification of 1 month exposure to 81.5 Pa pCO2 through heterotrophy and changes in biomass. Area-normalized calcification is sustained at high pCO2 by a greater biomass with a reduced biomass-normalized rate of calcification. This mechanism may play a role in determining the extent to which corals can resist the long-term effects of ocean acidification.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Habitat Utilization and Pairing Patterns of Mutualistic Shrimps and Gobies from 7 Indo-Pacific regions
We analyzed network level specialization for eight Indo-Pacific networks of obligate, mutualistic gobies and shrimps, and elucidated ecological and evolutionary factors driving specialization. To accomplish this we collected and analyzed data on species pairings in Moorea, French Polynesia (lat. -17.49, long. -149.84), Kenting, Taiwan (lat. 21.95, long. 120.76), and Kimbe Bay, New Britain, Papua New Guinea (PNG; lat. -5.50, long. 150.12), and combined these observations with previously published data from Seychelles Islands (Polunin and Lubbock 1977), Great Barrier Reef, Australia (Cummins 1979), Red Sea, Israel (Karplus et al. 1981), Japan (Yanagisawa 1984), and the Gulf of Thailand, Thailand (Nakasone and Manthachitra 1986). We also systematically collected and analyzed habitat data for shrimps and gobies in Moorea, Taiwan, and PNG. We found specialization was affected by variability in habitat use for both gobies and shrimps and by phylogenetic history for shrimps. Habitat use was phylogenetically conserved among shrimp, and thus effects of shrimp phylogeny on partner choice were mediated in part by habitat. By contrast, habitat use and pairing patterns in gobies were not related to phylogenetic history. This asymmetry appears to result from evolutionary constraints on partner use in shrimps and convergence among distantly-related gobies to utilize burrows provided by multiple shrimp species. Results indicate that the evolution of mutualism is affected by life history characteristics that transcend environments and that different factors constrain interactions in disparate ecosystems. These data are associated with this publication: Thompson AR, Adam TC, Hultgren KM, Thacker CE (in press). Ecology and evolution affect network structure in an intimate marine mutualism. The American Naturalist. This is a collection of short term studies spanning 1972 to 2011.
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