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844 results for “cross-sectional”
Mixing phenomena in circular and rectangular cross-sectional T-mixers: Experimental and numerical assessment
<p>In the present work, the mixing performance of square and circular cross-sectional millimetre-sized T-mixers was experimentally and numerically investigated. The pure dilution of non-reacting species (blue and yellow food dyes) and the chemical reaction of two-coloured reactants (i.e., strong acid and strong base with a pH indicator) were captured experimentally by adopting a low-cost colorimetric digital image analysis technique. Turbulence was modelled by k − ε model coupled with the β-PDF approach to account for turbulence-chemistry interactions. The circular cross-sectional T-mixer showed better mixing efficiency than the square one. Moreover, an even larger mixing performances were obtained by setting unbalanced fluid flow rates. To exploit the low computational demanding k − ε model, the Cε<span><span><span>2</span></span></span> parameter was tuned, showing good reliability in describing the phenomena in the mixers. Mixing time estimations were based on both time averages and instantaneous quantities, and some possible limits of the approaches commonly adopted in the literature were identified.</p>
Awareness of fifth metatarsal stress fractures among soccer coaches in Japan: A cross-sectional study
<p>Although a fifth metatarsal stress fracture is the most frequent stress fracture in soccer players, awareness of fifth metatarsal stress fractures among soccer coaches is unclear. Therefore, we performed an online survey of soccer coaches affiliated with the Japan Football Association to assess their awareness of fifth metatarsal stress fractures. A total of 150 soccer coaches were invited for an original online survey. Data on participants' age, sex, types of coaching licence, coaching category, types of training surface, awareness of fifth metatarsal stress fractures, and measures employed to prevent fifth metatarsal stress fractures were collected using the survey. Data from 117 coaches were analysed. Eighty-seven of the 117 coaches were aware of fifth metatarsal stress fractures; however, only 30% reported awareness of preventive and treatment measures for fifth metatarsal stress fractures. Licensed coaches (i.e., licensed higher than level C) were also more likely to be aware of fifth metatarsal stress fractures than unlicensed coaches were. Furthermore, although playing on artificial turf is an established risk factor for numerous sports injuries, soccer coaches who usually trained on artificial turf were more likely to be unaware of the risks associated with fifth metatarsal stress fractures than coaches who trained on other surfaces were (e.g., clay fields).<strong> </strong>Soccer coaches in the study population were generally aware of fifth metatarsal stress fractures; however, most were unaware of specific treatment or preventive training strategies for fifth metatarsal stress fractures. Additionally, coaches who practised on artificial turf were not well educated on fifth metatarsal stress fractures. Our findings suggest the need for increased awareness of fifth metatarsal stress fractures and improved education of soccer coaches regarding injury prevention strategies. </p>
Photoionization cross-sections from exited ionic levels: analytical fits
<p>Analytical fits of photoionisation (bound-free) cross-sections from exited levels of ions with more than two electrons. The fits are based on the numerical tables computed by the Opacity Project (OP) and presented in the TOPBase database. The cross-section for each considered level was fitted using the following expression:</p> <p> \( \sigma(E) = \sigma_{\rm th} \left(A \bar E ^{p/2}+(1-A)\bar E^{1+p/2}\right) \)</p> <p>where \(\bar E =E_{\rm th}/E \) and \(E \) is the photon energy. Only a few energy levels were considered with the lowest excitation energies, typically not exceeding a quarter of the ionization energy. These fits were implemented in the code, that calculates hot LTE atmospheres of white dwarfs in the Super-Soft X-ray Sources, see the referenced paper for the details.<br>The file 'bf_cross_hot.dat' contains, for each ion, the name of ion, the level's energy and statistical weight and the fitting parameters \(E_{\rm th}, \sigma_{\rm th}, A, p \). The file 'bf_cross_hot.py' contains simple Python3 function for calculation the fitting cross-section for given ion and frequency or frequency array. In the latter case it also make a plot, if 'matplotlib' package is installed. The following ions were considered:</p> <p>CII, CIII, CIV, NII, NIII, NIV, NV, OII, OIII, OIV, OV, OVI, NeIII, NeIV, NeV, NeVI, NeVII, NeVIII, NaIV, NaV, NaVI, NaVII, NaVIII, NaIX, MgVI, MgVII, MgVIII, MgIX, MgX, AlVI, AlVII, AlVIII, AlIX, AlX, AlXI, SiVII, SiVIII, SiIX, SiX, SiXI, SiXII, SIX, SX, SXI, SXII, SXIII, SXIV, ArV, ArVI, ArVII, ArVIII, ArXI, ArXII, ArXIII, ArXIV, ArXV, ArXVI, CaV, CaVI, CaVII, CaIX, CaXIII, CaXIV, CaXV, CaXVI, CaXVII, CaXVIII, FeVI, FeVII, FeXI, FeXII, FeXIII, FeXIV, FeXV, FeXVI, FeXVIII, FeXIX, FeXX, FeXXI, FeXXII, FeXXIII, FeXXIV, FeXXV.</p>
Determinants of Disease Progression in Bangladeshi COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Survey
<p>This was a nationwide study of COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed and confirmed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) from Nov 2020 to April 2021. The list of available COVID-19 positive patients was obtained, after formal written approval, from Civil Surgeon’s (CS) offices in Bangladesh. </p>
Assessment of Self-Medication Practices and Safety Profile of Medicines Utilisation among Pregnant Women attending Antenatal Clinics in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study
<p><strong><span>Background: </span></strong><span>Despite the potential fetal and maternal risks of self-medication, studies on self-medication practice and the safety profile of medicines used during pregnancy are scarce in our setting. This study determined the self-medication practice and safety profile of medicines used among pregnant women.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>This cross-sectional study was conducted in face-to-face interviews among 345 pregnant women at three hospitals in Sierra Leone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to <span>determine the prevalence and associated factors of self-medication. </span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Results: </span></strong><span>A total of 345 pregnant women participated in the study. The prevalence of self-medication among pregnant women with conventional and/or herbal medicine was </span><span>132 (38.3%)</span><span>. Also, 93 (75%) of the conventional medicines (CMs) were categorized as probably safe, of which paracetamol 36 (29.0%) was commonly used, followed by amoxicillin 23 (18.5%) and antimalarials 22 (17.7%) for common illnesses such as </span><span>headache 30 (25.4%), </span><span>urinary tract infection </span><span>23 (19.4%)<span> and malaria 22 (18.6%). The common reason for self-medication was previous experience with the disease 24 (27.3%). </span><em>Luffa acutangula</em> 19 (30.2%) <span>was the most used herbal medicine (HM), </span>and Oedema 30 (47.6%) was the most reported ailment. <span>Among the HM users,</span> 34 (54.0%)<span> believe they are more effective than CMs. Secondary school education (AOR = 2.128, 95%CI = 1.191 – 3.804, p = 0.011), tertiary education (AOR = 2.915, 95%CI = 1.104 – 7.693, p = 0.031), monthly income of greater than NLe 1,000 (AOR = 4.084, 95% CI = 1.269 – 13.144, p = 0.018), and perceived maternal illness (AOR = 0.367, CI = 0.213 – 0.632, p = <0.001) were predictors of self-medication.</span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion: </span></strong><span>Self-medication practice was highly prevalent and was associated with educational status, monthly income, and maternal illness during pregnancy. Therefore, intervention programs should be designed and implemented to minimize the practice and risk associated with self-medication among pregnant women.</span></p>
PREDICTORS OF POST-OPERATIVE OUTCOME IN EMERGENCY LAPAROTOMY FOR PERFORATION PERITONITIS, A PROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
<p>Introduction <span>Surgical mortality is high in hollow viscus perforation. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to preoperatively identify high-risk individuals and to optimize and manage these patients with greater vigour. To assess the predictors of outcome for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy due to perforation peritonitis, this study was conducted. Techniques: This prospective cross-sectional study will be carried out on patients with perforation peritonitis who are admitted to tertiary care hospitals' Department of General Surgery. We assessed the relationship between preoperative patient characteristics and mortality, anastomotic leakage, postoperative problems, and the necessity for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The study concludes that patients receiving emergency laparotomy for perforation peritonitis are more likely to have high mortality after surgery if they have hypotension, azotemia, coagulopathy, or a delay in treatment. The identification of preoperative determinants of the requirement for ICU admission is aided by this investigation. Finding preoperative indicators linked to a higher risk of postoperative problems is made easier by this study.</span></p>
Psychiatric manifestations and associated risk factors among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
<p>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects globally. These effects are likely to result in mental health problems at different levels. Although studies have reported the mental health burden of the pandemic on the general population and frontline health workers, the impact of the disease on the mental health of patients in COVID-19 treatment and isolation centres have been understudied in Africa.</p> <p>We estimated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated risk factors in hospitalized persons with COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 489 patients with COVID-19 at the three government-designated treatment and isolation centres in Edo State, Nigeria. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine risk factors of depression and anxiety. Results Of the 489 participants, 49.1% and 38.0% had depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and combination of both were 16.2%, 12.9% and 9.0% respectively. Moderate-severe symptoms of COVID-19, ≥14 days in isolation, worrying about the outcome of infection and stigma increased the risk of having depression and anxiety. Additionally, being separated/divorced increased the risk of having depression and having comorbidity increased the risk of having anxiety.</p> <p>A substantial proportion of our participants experienced depression, anxiety and a combination of both especially in those who had the risk factors we identified. The findings underscore the need to address modifiable risk factors for psychiatric manifestations early in the course of the disease and integrate mental health interventions and psychosocial support into COVID-19 management guidelines. --</p>
Dementia knowledge and misconceptions: a cross-sectional study in Swiss and Italian young adults, adults, and older adults
<p>The dataset was generated during a cross sectional survey conducted in September-December 2019 aimed at quantifying dementia knowledge in the general population. Data come from a sample of 1500 young adults, adults, and older adults living in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland. We registered socio-demographic characteristics including whether the participant had contact with a person living with dementia, and measured dementia knowledge with the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Survey (DKAS). </p>
Factors influencing the sustainability of homestead vegetable production intervention in Rufiji, Tanzania: A cross-sectional mixed methods study
<p><strong>Background </strong></p> <p>There is growing evidence that home vegetable gardening interventions improve food security and nutrition outcomes at the family level. This study assessed factors influencing the sustainability of homestead vegetable production intervention, one year after the cessation of external support.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>This was a cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A total of 247 randomly selected households that participated in the homestead vegetable intervention were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The study held four focus group discussions with households that participated in the intervention, and four In-Depth interviews with two extension workers, one community health worker, and one agriculture district officer. Multiple logistic regression for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data was conducted.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>About 20.24% (50/247) of households sustained homestead vegetable production for one year after the intervention phased out. Lack of seeds (adjusted OR=1.26: CI=0.39-0.89) and either manure or fertilizers (adjusted OR=1.69: CI =1.08-2.63) were significant factors influencing the sustainability of homesteads vegetable production. In the Focus Group discussions (FGDs) and In-Depth Interview (IDIs), all participating women and extension workers reported high cost of water, destruction from free-grazing animals, agriculture pests and diseases, poor soil fertility, shortage of seeds, and lack of capital affected homestead vegetable production sustainability.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>Existing individual, community, and system challenges influence the sustainability of external-funded agriculture and nutrition interventions. The study findings underscore the importance of community authorities, scientists, and policymakers in having a well-thought sustainability plan in all promising external-funded interventions.</p>
Transition to adult services experienced by young people with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study
<p>Data used in publication entitled: "Transition to adult services experienced by young people with cerebral palsy: A cross-sectional study" </p> <p>Published in Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, June 2022.</p> <p>Associated metadata provided in "metadata_v1"</p>
Factors affecting delay in the presentation of breast cancer symptoms among women in Gaza, occupied Palestinian territory: A cross-sectional survey
<p>Objective: To identify factors related to women's delay in presenting with breast cancer symptoms to improve earlier diagnosis in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt).</p> <p>Design: Cross-sectional</p> <p>Setting: Two government cancer hospitals.</p> <p>Participants: A consecutive sample of 130 Palestinian women living in Gaza with newly diagnosed breast cancer were approached in the waiting rooms of cancer hospitals in Gaza between 1 January and 31 December 2017. 120 women took part and returned the completed questionnaire.</p> <p>Primary and secondary outcome measures: Clinical information about breast cancer were collected from hospital cancer records. An interval of three months or more between women's self-discovery of symptoms and their first presentation to a medical provider was considered as a delay.</p> <p>Results: 94% (122/130) of women attending cancer hospitals in Gaza agreed to take part in the study. Their mean age was 51 years (range: 23-72), 33.6% (31/122) had a family history of breast cancer, and 74.5% (41/55) of those whose cancer stage was known had been diagnosed at stage III or IV. Around one half (62/122) said they had not recognised the seriousness of their breast changes but only 20% (24/122) of women delayed seeking healthcare by three months and more. Considering that the symptom was not serious (X2= 13.94, p> 0.05), and lack of pain (X2= 6.63, p> 0.05) were the only two factors statistically associated with later presentation. Lower socio-economic status, older age, lower education, and negative family history of breast cancer were not statistically associated with women's delay.</p> <p>Conclusions: Women's awareness about the seriousness of breast changes and the critical importance of seeking prompt diagnosis needs to be improved using context-relevant and evidence-based awareness campaigns. This should be accompanied with training of female nurses on promoting early detection and improvement in diagnostic facilities to ensure timely diagnosis of cancer in the oPt.</p>
Data release for "Measurements of muon-antineutrino and muon-neutrino+muon-antineutrino charged-current cross-sections without detected pions nor protons on water and hydrocarbon at mean antineutrino energy of 0.86 GeV"
<p>This data release is associated with the publication "Measurement of charged-current cross-sections on water and hydrocarbon without detected pions nor protons using the T2K anti-neutrino beam at an off-axis angle 1.5 degrees". It is available in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptab014">Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics</a> and <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.13989">arXiv:2004.13989 [hep-ex]</a>.<br><br>The data release contains:</p> <ul> <li>The "histograms.root" file contains several histograms related to the cross-sections. <ul> <li>flux_numubar_* -> 1D histogram with the flux prediction at the WAGASCI module or the Proton Module of the T2K experiment.</li> <li>flux_numu_* -> 1D histogram with the flux prediction at the WAGASCI module or the Proton Module of the T2K experiment.</li> <li>Err_numubar_* -> 1D TGraphAsymmErrors with the measured flux-integrated numubar cross-sections and their uncertainties.</li> <li>Err_numu_numubar_* -> 1D TGraphAsymmErrors with the measured flux-integrated numu+numubar cross-sections and their uncertainties.</li> <li>xsec_numubar_* -> 1D histogram with the predicted flux-integrated numubar cross-sections by NEUT (5.3.3).</li> <li>xsec_numu_numubar_* -> 1D histogram with the predicted flux-integrated numu+numubar cross-sections by NEUT (5.3.3).</li> </ul> </li> <li>The "Covariance_Matrix_Numubar.root" file contains the covariance matrix for the flux-integrated numubar cross-sections, considering all the uncertainties.</li> <li>The "Covariance_Matrix_Numu+Numubar.root" file contains the covariance matrix for the flux-integrated numu+numubar cross-sections, considering all the uncertainties.</li> <li>The "flux" file contains the (anti-)muon neutrino flux prediction at the WAGASCI module or the Proton Module of the T2K experiment</li> </ul>
Satisfaction with Telemedicine for Cancer Pain Management: A Model of Care and Cross-Sectional Patient Satisfaction Study
<p>Background: Since cancer pain requires complex modalities of care, the proper strategy for addressing its telemedicine-based management should be better defined. This study aimed to trace a pathway for a progressive implementation of the telemedicine process for the treatment of pain in the setting of cancer patients. Methods: The features of the model were investigated to dissect the dropout from the telemedicine pathway. A cross-sectional patient satisfaction study was conducted. The degree of satisfaction was evaluated through a developed 22-item questionnaire (Likert scale 0–7). Results: A total of 375 video consultations for 164 patients (mean age 62.9 years) were performed through remote consultations for cancer pain management between March 2021 and February 2022. After the exclusion of 72 patients, 92 (56.1%) were included in the analysis. The dropout ratio was 8.7%. The number of visits and pharmacological therapies for neuropathic pain correlated with the risk for readmission (p < 0.05). Overall, the satisfaction was very high (mean > 5.5 for all items). Conclusion: Feedback from patients reflected high satisfaction rates with the care provided. A methodological approach based on the degree of satisfaction combined with the analysis of the pathways can help to implement the quality of a service provided through telemedicine. While not without limitations, our hybrid protocol can be useful for addressing cancer pain through a patient-centered approach.</p>
Dataset for "Definition and rationale for placebo composition: Cross-sectional analysis of randomized trials and protocols published in high-impact medical journals"
<p>Contains our data extraction sheets</p>
Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study
<p>Background</p> <p>The tuberculin skin test is commonly used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in resource-limited settings, but its specificity is limited by factors including cross-reactivity with BCG vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) overcome this problem by detecting <em>M</em>. <em>tuberculosis</em> complex-specific responses, but studies to determine risk factors for IGRA-positivity in high TB burden settings are lacking.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine factors associated with a positive IGRA by employing the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold-plus (QFT Plus) assay in a cohort of asymptomatic adult TB contacts in Kampala, Uganda. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with forward stepwise logit function was employed to identify independent correlates of QFT Plus-positivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 202 participants enrolled, 129/202 (64%) were female, 173/202 (86%) had a BCG scar, and 67/202 (33%) were HIV-infected. Overall, 105/192 (54%, 95% CI 0.48–0.62) participants had a positive QFT Plus result. Increased risk of QFT-Plus positivity was independently associated with manual employment/unemployment vs. professional employment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.18, 95% CI 1.01–4.72), a family vs. non-family relation to the index patient (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.33–6.18), living in the same vs. a different house as the index (aOR 3.05, 95% CI 1.28–7.29), a higher body mass index (BMI) (aOR per additional kg/m2 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.18) and tobacco smoking vs. not (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.00–8.60). HIV infection was not associated with QFT-Plus positivity (aOR 0.91, 95% CI 0.42–1.96).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of IGRA positivity in this study population was lower than previously estimated. Tobacco smoking and raised BMI are hitherto unappreciated determinants of LTBI risk in this setting.</p>
Dolmens Rybalko (cross-section group)
The group is located under Ribalko cliffs, river valley Pshenaho, Tuapse region, Caucasus, Russia, Middle Bronze Age (4000-2000 BC), Dolmen Culture of Caucasus. Subgroup of three well preserved dolmens constructed of tuffsandstone slabs is submerged in the long stone cairn. Full megalithic complex consists of 7 tombs. Each tomb is the most typical kind of constructions for that culture. Группа расположена в верховьях долины реки Пшенахо, Туапсинский район. Тип сооружений: плиточные Особенности: в группе сохранились целые сооружения, стоящие рядом в общем кургане, что является редкостью, у дольмена №3 в нижней части перекрытия вытесано продолжение боковых и фасадной стен, у дольмена №4 в верхней торцевой части фасада вытесан элемент неясного назначения (более подробные модели можно найти в общем каталоге). Модель создана при поддержке кафедры общей и прикладной геофизики в университете "Дубна". Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mapping of Global Scientific Research in Comorbidity and Multimorbidity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
<p>"Mapping of Global Scientific Research in Comorbidity and Multimorbidity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis" -- October<br> 2017, prepared by F. Catalá López, A. Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo and R. Aleixandre-Benavent (on behalf of the team of co-authors).</p> <p>Publication of the results is under preparation (manuscript submitted to PLOS ONE).</p>
The Relationship between Self-Perception of Smile Aesthetics and Personality Traits of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
<p>Los documentos contienen la base de datos que se obtuvo del estudio "The Relationship between Self-Perception of Smile Aesthetics and Personality Traits of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study", siendo datos reales de estudiantes de una universidad nacional de Perú. Luego se encuentra el documento con los instrumentos, en formato como se presentó para la ejecución. </p> <p> </p>
STROBE Cross-sectional
<p>This data is STROBE checklist for study entitled "<span>Analysis of associated scrotal anomalies in boys with hypospadias" </span>that submitted in F1000Research. </p>
The illicit cigarette market in the DRC: datasets from a cross-sectional study of empty cigarette packs
<p>This study aimed to estimate the proportion of cigarettes consumed in the DRC that are illicit and the extent of cigarette tax evasion; and to identify the origins of and factors associated with illicit cigarettes.</p> <p>Stratified, multistage sampling was used to select 32 health areas across eight provinces in the DRC from which empty cigarette packs were collected. Each collected pack was examined and classified as licit if it complied, or illicit if it did not comply with the DRC’s tax stamp or written health warning requirements; or the requirements to have a notice indicating the prohibition of sale by/to minors or information on tar and nicotine content. Cigarette retail price information was also collected for each brand represented within the collected empty packs. Data was collected from May 15 to June 9, 2023. </p> <p>'Dataset_allpacks ORIGINAL' contains the data for each collected empty pack</p> <p>'Explanation_dataset_allpacks' is the codebook that explains the variables in 'Dataset_allpacks ORIGINAL'</p> <p>'Dataset_retailers' contains the data collected from retailers, including cigarette retail prices</p> <p>'Explanation_dataset_retailers' is the codebook that explains the variables in 'Dataset_retailers'</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.