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191 results for “early Oligocene”
FIG. 14 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG. 14. Cross-sectional CT image of left M4 of SGOPV 3490 in A, oblique occlusal and B, posterior views. Shows presence of three roots. Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIG 11 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 11. Morphology of the left lower canine root in the holotype of Eomakhaira molossus (SGOPV 3490). A, CT reconstruction in oblique lateral view, showing prominent depression on proximal end of canine and its connection to the pulp cavity. Connection to pulp cavity has been artificially darkened for contrast. B, Oblique lateral CT image slice of SGOPV 3490, showing flared, smooth distal end of left lower canine (denoted by arrow). Scale = 10 mm.
FIG. 13. Left M3–4 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG. 13. Left M3–4 of SGOPV 3490 in A, labial, B, occlusal, and C, lingual views (C rotated upside down for easier comparison with A, B). Anterior to left in all CT segmentation images. Scale = 3 mm.
FIG 9 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 9. Mandible of the holotype of Eomakhaira molossus (SGOPV 3490). Right dentary in A, labial and C, lingual views. Left dentary in B, labial and D, lingual views. Colors of elements are the same as in figure 3. Abbreviations: cor, coronoid process of dentary; sulc, lingual sulcus of the lower canine; menf, mental foramina; symph, mandibular symphysis. Scale = 50 mm.
FIG. 18 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG. 18. Results of parsimony phylogenetic analysis under implied weights with concavity constant k = 12, showing the single recovered most parsimonious tree (MPT). Eomakhaira molossus in bold. Numbers to lower left represent bootstrap values. Support values not given for Dasyuromorphia, as this node was constrained a priori (see text).
FIG 8 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 8. Left orbital region of the holotype of Eomakhaira molossus (SGOPV 3490) in oblique posterolateral view. Anterior to left. Colors of elements in this CT segmentation are the same as in figure 3. Abbreviations: laf, lacrimal foramen, mpf, minor palatine foramen; spf, sphenopalatine foramen. Scale = 30 mm.
FIG. 16 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG. 16. Results of parsimony phylogenetic analysis under equal weights, showing the strict consensus of 12 most parsimonious trees (MPTs). Eomakhaira molossus in bold. Numbers to upper left of each node represent Bremer supports/decay indices, numbers to lower left of each node represent bootstrap values. Support values not given for Dasyuromorphia, as this node was constrained a priori (see text).
FIG 7 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 7. Posterior palate of the holotype of Eomakhaira molossus (SGOPV 3490), in oblique anterior view. Anterior to lower left. Shows the paired palatine tori and broken border of the minor palatine foramen. Colors of elements in this CT segmentation are the same as in figure 3. Abbreviations: mpf, minor palatine foramen; ptor, palatine tori. Scale = 10 mm.
FIG 6 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 6. Cranium of the holotype of Eomakhaira molossus (SGOPV 3490) in palatal view. Anterior to right. Colors of elements in this CT segmentation are the same as in figure 3. Abbreviations: mpps, medial postpalatine spine; pp, palatal pit; ptor, palatine torus; dental abbreviations as in Materials and Methods. Scale = 30 mm.
FIG 4. A in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 4. A, Photograph and B, line drawing of the exposed right upper canine and postcanine dentition of SGOPV 3490, showing their extreme wear. In B, enamel is denoted in dark grey, dentine in brown, and wear surfaces by light grey. The morphology of these teeth is not entirely visible, as much of the occluded upper and lower jaws of the specimen remain encased in matrix (compare with figs. 3 and 9). Scale = 10 mm.
FIG 3. A, C in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 3. A, C, Photographs and B, D, CT segmentation of the holotype of Eomakhaira molossus, a partial skull of a senescent individual preserving the rostrum and the anterior portion of the mandible (SGOPV 3490) in left (A, B) and right (C, D) lateral views. In renderings of the CT segmentation, nasal in orange, facial process of the lacrimal in teal, palatine in blue, all other bones of the cranium (maxilla, jugal, frontal, etc.) in purple, teeth in yellow, and dentary in green. Anterior to left in A–B and to right in C–D. Scale = 30 mm.
FIG 2 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 2. Locations of the Cachapoal locality and the similar-aged (likely coeval) Tinguiririca locality in central Chile. Gray area in inset box represents outcrops of the Abanico Formation.
FIG 10. A in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 10. A, Photograph and B, C, CT images of the right upper canine of the holotype of Eomakhaira molossus (SGOPV 3490). A, Lateral view, showing bluntness of canine apex and the absence of enamel, longitudinal ridges, and labial median canine sulcus. B, Transverse section of canine, slightly below alveolar border (actual point at alveolar border obscured by a crack), showing posterior keel. Anterior root of P1 (aP1) marked to show that the longitudinal ridge is not an artifact of postmortem damage. C, Transverse section of canine, at level of tooth row, showing presence of median labial keel and lingual median sulcus. Approximate location of sections in B, C denoted by arrows on A. Anterior to right in all images, and lingual to top in B, C. Abbreviations: aP1, anterior root of P1; mk, labial median keel; ms, lingual median sulcus; pr, posterior ridge. Scale = 10 mm (A); 5 mm (B, C).
FIG 12 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 12. Oblique lateral CT image slice of SGOPV 3490 along the postcanine tooth row, showing position of lower molars and depth of horizontal ramus. Note how worn surfaces of P3 and m1 closely match one another. Scale = 30 mm.
FIG. 17 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG. 17. Results of parsimony phylogenetic analysis under implied weights with concavity constant k = 3, showing the single recovered most parsimonious tree (MPT). Eomakhaira molossus in bold. Numbers to lower left represent bootstrap values. Support values not given for Dasyuromorphia, as this node was constrained a priori (see text).
FIG. 15 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG. 15. Lower right dentition of SGOPV 3490 in A, labial, B, occlusal, and C, lingual views. Colors of elements in this CT segmentation are the same as in figure 3. Anterior to right in A, B and to left in C. Scale = 30 mm.
FIG 20 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG 20. Lower canines of non-thylacosmiline proborhyaenids. A–B, Proborhyaena gigantea (MACN-A 52-382) in A, labial and B, lingual views. C, Arminiheringia auceta (MACN-A 10970) in labial view. D, Paraborhyaena boliviana (UATF-V-000129; left canine, reversed) in labial view. The upper canines of Arminiheringia show a comparable morphology (see fig. S4B; apices of the upper canines are unknown for Proborhyaena and Paraborhyaena). Scale bars = 10 mm.
FIG. 21 in Eomakhaira molossus, A New Saber-Toothed Sparassodont (Metatheria: Thylacosmilinae) from the Early Oligocene (?Tinguirirican) Cachapoal Locality, Andean Main Range, Chile
FIG. 21. Temporal durations of major lineages of mammalian saber-toothed carnivores, with metatherian lineage in grey and placental lineages in black. A representative skull of each clade is depicted to the right; from top to bottom: Thylacosmilus atrox (Thylacosmilinae), Machaeroides eothen (Machaeroidinae), Hoplophoneus primaevus (Nimravidae), Barbourofelis fricki (Barbourofelidae) and Smilodon fatalis (Machairodontinae). Images of Machaeroides, Barbourofelis, and Smilodon modified from Antón (2013), Thylacosmilus from Riggs (1934), and Hoplophoneus from Scott and Jepsen (1936) and Bryant (1996). Tick mark on Thylacosmilinae record represents the oldest occurrence of this clade (~20.2 Ma) prior to the discovery of Eomakhaira. Abbreviations: Plio., Pliocene; Ple., Pleistocene.
Figure 11 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition
Figure 11. Size (length of dentaries, mm) of lizard groups in the late Eocene and early Oligocene of Europe.
Figure 12 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition
Figure 12. Trophic diversity and relative abundance for late Eocene and early Oligocene lizard faunas in Europe. Carnivorous = vertebrate-eater.
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