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144 results for “ecosystem response”
Data from: Climate constrains lake community and ecosystem responses to introduced predators
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Data for: Interactive effects of foundation species on ecosystem functioning and stability in response to disturbance
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Tree community composition stabilizes ecosystem functions in response to drought
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Data from: Marine environmental DNA biomonitoring reveals seasonal patterns in biodiversity and identifies ecosystem responses to anomalous climatic events
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Contrasting fungal responses to wildfire across different ecosystem types
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Data from: Stream microbial communities and ecosystem functioning show complex responses to multiple stressors in wastewater
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Synthesis of stream ecosystem responses to nutrient enrichment at multiple trophic levels
The goals of this LTER Synthesis Working Group are (1) to initiate and coordinate the integration of data from multiple sites on stream ecosystem responses to nutrient amendment, (2) to synthesize these data with a quantitative evaluation of functional responses at the microbial, primary producer, consumer and whole-stream levels and (3) to promote interaction between LTER and the NEON experiment (Stream Experimental and Observatory Network, STREON): of 10 STREON sites, 6 are located at or near LTER sites. Streams are hotspots of nutrient processing on the landscape, receiving, transforming and cycling inorganic nutrients (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) that are delivered from the watershed. The cycling of inorganic nutrients is a result of the interactions between geochemical settings and the integrated activity of biota that inhabit streams, including microbial life (bacteria and fungi), primary producers (plants, algae and cyanobacteria) and secondary producers (invertebrates and fish). As such, stream water nutrient concentration is a key driver of stream function at these three trophic levels, and of integrated ecosystem processes like leaf litter decomposition and whole-stream metabolism. Increases in stream nutrient concentrations are occurring globally, as a result of increased nutrient input and runoff from intensifying agricultural and urban land use and atmospheric deposition related to the use of fossil fuels. Nutrient increases may negatively affect stream ecosystem goods and services and exacerbate efforts to conserve stream biota. Aptly, research on the effects of nutrient enrichment in streams (some of it from LTER sites) has expanded. However, consideration of these effects across multiple trophic levels and ecosystem response metrics is limited, and an integrated framework to forecast the long-term nutrient enrichment effects on stream ecosystem health is still lacking. The proposed synthesis effort will address these gaps. We predict that regard
Soil organic matter responses to nutrient enrichment in the Nutrient Network:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Greenhouse test of plant ecophysiological traits or responses to nitrogen:Effects of Long Term Fertilization and Oak Canopy Cover on Plant Communities and Ecosystem Processes
In 1996 E142 was established in field D on top of the E004 macroplots. E004 was conducted in fields A, B, C and D by Dave Tilman. The purpose of E004 was to see what effect NH4NO3 addition has on large areas over a longer period of time with exposure to naturally-occurring levels of herbivory. The nutrient addition treatments in E004, E142 plots have been applied annually since 1982. These experiments, along with others at Cedar Creek, examine the community and ecosystem consequences of chronic nutrient loading.
An iron cycle cascade governs the response of equatorial Pacific ecosystems to climate change
<p>Net primary production time series for simulations conducted with the NEMO-PISCES model under RCP85 forcing.</p>
Relevant data for publication "Ecosystem responses to powdered rock magnify carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering"
<p>Enhanced weathering simulation with ORCHIDEE-CNP.</p>
Data from: Seasonality of soil moisture mediates responses of ecosystem phenology to elevated CO2 and warming in a semi-arid grassland
Vegetation greenness, detected using digital photography, is useful for monitoring phenology of plant growth, carbon uptake, and water loss at the ecosystem level. Assessing ecosystem phenology by greenness is especially useful in spatially extensive, water-limited ecosystems such as the grasslands of the western United States, where productivity is moisture dependent and may become increasingly vulnerable to future climate change. We used repeat photography and a novel means of quantifying greenness in digital photographs to assess how the individual and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 impact ecosystem phenology (greenness and plant cover) in a semi-arid grassland over an 8-year period. Climate variability within and among years was the proximate driver of ecosystem phenology. Individual and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 were significant at times, but mediated by variation in both intra- and inter-annual precipitation. Specifically, warming generally enhanced plant cover and greenness early in the growing season but often had a negative effect during the middle of the summer, offsetting the early season positive effects. The individual effects of elevated CO2 on plant cover and greenness were generally neutral. Opposing seasonal variations in the effects of warming and less so elevated CO2 cancelled each other out over an entire growing season, leading to no net effect of treatments on annual accumulation of greenness. The main effect of elevated CO2 dampened quickly, but warming continued to affect plant cover and plot greenness throughout the experiment. The combination of warming and elevated CO2 had a generally positive effect on greenness, especially early in the growing season and in later years of the experiment, enhanced annual greenness accumulation. However, interannual precipitation variation had larger effect on greenness, with 2-3 times greater greenness in wet years than in dry years. Synthesis. Seasonal variation in timing and amount of precipitation governs grassland phenology, greenness, and the potential for carbon uptake. Our results indicate that concurrent changes in precipitation regimes mediate vegetation responses to warming and elevated atmospheric CO2 in semi-arid grasslands. Even small changes in vegetation phenology and greenness in response to warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, such as those we report here, can have large consequences for the future of grasslands.
Data from: Trait identity and functional diversity co-drive response of ecosystem productivity to nitrogen enrichment
1. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the change in ecosystem productivity under anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs is of fundamental ecological interest. It has been proposed that functional traits, environmental factors, and species richness are central drivers linking ecosystem productivity with environmental change. However, few studies have considered the joint effects of functional traits, environmental factors, and species richness on ecosystem productivity under increasing N inputs. 2. We established a N-manipulation experiment in a Tibetan alpine steppe in 2013. Using structural equation models, we assessed the effects of N-induced changes in environmental factors, species richness, and trait metrics (the mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis of trait distribution) on gross ecosystem productivity as well as three resource use efficiencies (water, light, and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies), based on measurements during the peak growing season in 2016. 3. We found that both light and P use efficiencies decreased under N enrichment, largely due to the N-induced decline in functional diversity of leaf P concentration. However, both gross ecosystem productivity and water use efficiency exhibited initial increases and subsequent slight decreases with N addition. These nonlinear patterns were closely associated with both the increased morphological trait (i.e., mean-leaf area) and decreased diversity of leaf P concentration. 4. Synthesis. Our results illustrate how N-induced changes in functional traits may have dual effects on ecosystem productivity: the stimulating effects of the dominant trait identity via increasing canopy light interception vs. the inhibiting effect of decreasing trait diversity via declining resource use efficiencies. Our results highlight the importance of including functional traits in land surface models to improve predictions of the response of ecosystem function to N inputs.
Data from: "Hot deals at sea": responses of a top predator (Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus) to human-induced changes in the coastal ecosystem
The main response of top predators to human-induced environmental changes is often behavioural. Although human activities regularly impose a disturbance on top predators, they can also be a source of reliable and concentrated food resources for species with a high degree of behavioural plasticity. This study represents the first assessment of the influence of these resources on migratory patterns and social interaction of a marine top predator, the common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Pollock's closed robust design models and association analyses were applied to data collected over nine consecutive years of research in a coastal area subject to significant use and pressure by humans. Photo-identification data were collected year-round during 955 boat-based surveys, resulting in 1 638 common bottlenose dolphin group encounters. Results of this study revealed a significant upward trend in density of bottlenose dolphins, preferences for a coastal area with higher human pressure, and a reduction of the social interactions associated to a temporal switch to the food sources provided by human activities. The observed link between human activities and changes in common bottlenose dolphin behaviour aim to contribute to a better understanding of the ecology of a marine top predator and provide some of the needed baseline data, from which effective management and conservation strategies can be designed.
Data from: Analysing the dynamics and relative influence of variables affecting ecosystem responses using functional PCA and boosted trees: a seagrass case study
1. Understanding the relative influence of variables on ecosystem responses and the dynamics of their effect is necessary for effective ecosystem monitoring and management. Also known as causal pathways anlaysis, we develop an approach using functional Principal Components Analysis (fPCA) and machine learning within a scenario analysis framework. 2. fPCA is used to identify most influential variables for correlated, non-homogenoeus and non-linear time series data characteristic of complex ecosystems. Hierarchical clustering of fPCA scores reveals groups of more homogeneous scenarios and similarly influential variables. The resultant subset of variables helps to overcome model identifiability problems when analysing time-lagged effects using Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). 3. We use simulated data generated by a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) of ecological windows for seagrass ecosystems given dredging stressors; 3024 scenarios with 75 state variables are analysed. The BRT demonstrated a high level of fit ((R^2≈0.97,MSE≈0.16), supporting the validity of influential variables identified by fPCA. Influential variables identified included genus, location type, light, growth and seed. Six consecutive months of positive growth and adequate light were important for predicting states of high or moderate population. 4. Compared to traditional scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis approaches, our approach simultaneously enabled capture of n-way interactions while accounting for time correlations. Although some variables and their dynamics agreed with existing knowledge, new variables and/or time lags of their effects were identified, corresponding to opportunities for further investigation as well as informing monitoring and management. Although our method was demonstrated on state variables with DBN simulated data, it is equally applicable to general time series data.
Data from: Evaluating the costs and benefits of marsh-management strategies while accounting for uncertain sea-level rise and ecosystem response
Prioritization of marsh-management strategies is a difficult task as it requires a manager to evaluate the relative benefits of each strategy given uncertainty in future sea-level rise and in dynamic marsh response. A modeling framework to evaluate the costs and benefits of management strategies while accounting for both of these uncertainties has been developed. The base data for the tool are high-resolution uncertainty-analysis results from SLAMM (the Sea-Level Affecting Marshes Model) under different adaptive-management strategies. These results are combined with an ecosystem-valuation assessment from stakeholders. Model results and stakeholder values are linked together using "utility functions" that characterize the relationship between stakeholder values and geometric metrics such as "marsh area," marsh edge," or "marsh width." The expected-value of each site's ecosystem benefits can then be calculated and compared using estimated costs for each strategy. Estimates of optimal marsh-management strategies may then be produced, maximizing the "ecosystem benefits per estimated costs" ratio.
Data from: Differential responses of ecosystem carbon flux components to experimental precipitation gradient in an alpine meadow
1. Changes in precipitation have the potential to cause dramatic changes in ecosystem carbon (C) cycling; however, it remains unclear whether different components of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) (e.g., C uptake vs. release, plant vs. microbe respiration, aboveground vs. belowground plant respiration), have similar or differential sensitivity to precipitation gradients. 2. We conducted a manipulative field experiment (from 2015 to 2017) with six precipitation treatments, including 1/12 annual precipitation (P), 1/4 P, 1/2 P, 3/4 P, P, and 5/4 P in an alpine meadow to investigate the responses of the NEE components. 3. Over the three years, all C fluxes showed a nonlinear response to the precipitation gradients, except for root respiration. The most extreme drought treatment (1/12 P) caused strong reductions in NEE by 15.57%, gross primary productivity by 17.26%, and ecosystem respiration by 19.05%, in contrast to the control. Plant respiration was more sensitive to precipitation change than microbe respiration, and aboveground plant respiration was more susceptible than belowground respiration. Structural equation models revealed that the response of C fluxes under precipitation changes were primarily due to changes in the soil water content and aboveground net primary productivity. 4. Our findings indicate that future precipitation changes, particularly extreme drought, will decrease ecosystem C fluxes with different magnitudes, leading to a consequent reduction of NEE. These emergent ecosystem properties are essential for the improved elucidation of carbon cycle dynamics and benchmarking models, to predict ecosystem responses to precipitation changes.
High benthic community respiration and ecosystem response to phytodetrital input in a sub-polar fjord on the West Antarctic Peninsula
<p><span>Glaciomarine fjords dominate the coastal margin of the West Antarctic Peninsula. Studies in similar habitats in the Arctic have shown that benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in inner and middle fjord basins are reduced by turbidity and sedimentation disturbance caused by climate-warming-enhanced glacial melting. In contrast, the inner and middle fjord basins along the West Antarctic Peninsula are characterised as productivity and biodiversity hotspots, but benthic ecosystem functions remain unevaluated.</span> <span>In 2015-2016, we conducted sediment-respiration and <sup>13</sup>C pulse-chase experiments to assess benthic ecosystem functions along a five-station transect at ~500-600 m depths from the inner Andvord Bay fjord, through to Gerlache Strait, and onto the open continental shelf. Incubation samples from the inner and middle basins of Andvord Bay showed peaks in background seafloor respiration, benthic biomass, and uptake of labeled algal biomass compared to more outlying stations; the continental shelf exhibited the lowest levels of these variables, as well as dissolved inorganic carbon production. Macrofaunal community uptake was responsible for most of the C processing in the inner and middle parts of the fjord (>45%) while dissolved inorganic carbon was the dominant repository of processed C near the fjord mouth and on the continental shelf (>80%). The inner parts of Andvord Bay are hotspots of benthic C-cycling and metabolism, in addition to biodiversity. Ongoing climate warming is likely to negatively impact these inner-fjord hotspots by increasing meltwater input and sedimentation disturbance, yielding a reduction in the input and recycling of labile detritus at the seafloor in the inner-middle fjord.</span></p>
Data from: Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses
<p>Climate-smart forestry (CSF) consists of an extensive framework of actions directed to mitigating and adapting to global climate change impacts on the resilience and productivity of forest ecosystems. The study connected to this data set investigates the impact of the pan-European 2018 drought on carbon exchange dynamics in typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic, including two coniferous (Norway spruce at Bílý Kříž and Rajec) and one deciduous (European beech at Štítná) stand. Our results show annual net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> uptake at Rajec to be reduced by 50% during the drought year in comparison to a reference year with normal climatic conditions. Bílý Kříž is less affected by drought, as the local microclimate ensures sufficient water supply. The European beech forest at Štítná is most resilient against drought and its negative impacts: there we detect no differences in carbon exchange dynamics between the drought year and the reference year. Our results are demonstrated on the basis of monthly and annual carbon exchange values and corresponding environmental variables. This data set consists of two files, one containing daily average (sum) data, the second one containing 30 minute average data. The 30 minute average data were the basis of all daily, monthly and annual average (sum) data shown in the study connected to this data set.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Shaffer JA, Parks D, Campbell K, Moragne A, Hueske B, Adams P, Bauman JM (2023) Coastal beaver, Chinook, coho, chum salmon and trout response to nearshore changes resulting from diking and large-scale dam removals: synergistic ecosystem engineering and restoration in the coastal zone. Nature Conservation 53: 61-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.53.85421
Mean woody plant abundance surveyed from the riparian and shrub-emergent marsh vegetation
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.