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159 results for “feeding ecology”
Abundance variations within feeding guilds reveal ecological mechanisms behind avian species richness pattern along the elevational gradient of Mount Cameroon
<p><span>Two distinct diversity patterns are observed along tropical elevations: (a) decreasing number of species towards high elevations and (b) a hump-shaped pattern with the peak at mid-elevations. As diversity is likely supported by ecological capacity of the environment, decomposition of the overall richness into ecological facets and considering number of individuals within them is crucial for the proper understanding of richness patterns. We examined abundances of different avian guilds along the forested part of the elevational gradient on Mt. Cameroon. We (a) compared richness and abundance elevational patterns, (b) assessed the effective contribution of multiple guilds to richness and abundance patterns, and (b) assessed to which extent observed abundances of guilds differ from those expected by chance. We sampled birds in 2011–2015 during the dry season at seven elevations (30 m, 350 m, 650 m, 1100 m, 1500 m, 1850 m, 2200 m a.s.l.). For each assemblage, we estimated proportions of species and individuals that use particular diets, foraging modes, and feeding strata. We found that a rather decreasing pattern of species richness turns into a hump-shaped one if we look at the total abundances, implying different mechanisms behind these patterns. The number of species and individuals thus do not seem to be directly related, contrary to 'the more-individuals hypothesis'. Abundances of foliage gleaners at mid-elevations, nectarivores at high elevations, and frugivores at low elevations deviated from random expectations. Our results suggest that parts of ecological space are filled partly separately by bird species and individuals along elevation of Mt. Cameroon.</span></p>
Data from: Feeding ecology and habitat preferences of top predators from two Miocene carnivore-rich assemblages
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Data from: Feeding ecology is the primary driver of beak shape diversification in waterfowl
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Data from: Comparative feeding behaviour of native and introduced terrestrial snails tracks their ecological impacts
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Data from: Feed or fight: testing the impact of food availability and intraspecific aggression on the functional ecology of an island lizard
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Dental molds from: Three-dimensional dental topography and feeding ecology in the extinct cave bear
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Feeding ecology of the critically endangered Gobio Insuyanus (Gobionidae)
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Data from: Feeding ecology of Northeast Atlantic mackerel, Norwegian spring-spawning herring and blue whiting in the Norwegian Sea
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Data from: Feeding ecology of the deep-bodied fish Dapedium (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Sinemurian of Dorset, England
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Abundance variations within feeding guilds reveal ecological mechanisms behind avian species richness pattern along the elevational gradient of Mount Cameroon
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Data from: A second New World hover fly, Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae), recorded from the Old World, with description of larval pollen-feeding ecology
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Supposed "snake specialist" consumes monitor lizards: diet and trophic implications of king cobra feeding ecology
<p>King cobra predation events on <em>Varanus nebulosus. </em>Included: photographic evidence of each event, king cobra biometric data from most recent measurements and location information.</p> <p>.csv file column headings:</p> <p>folderid: The Zenodo folder ID containing the photographic evidence of event.</p> <p>obvdate: Date of observation (yyyy-mm-dd)</p> <p>obvtime: Time of observation (24hr)</p> <p>snakeid: Unique ID given to individual king cobras captured</p> <p>svlmm: King cobra snout-to-vent length (mm)</p> <p>tlmm: King cobra tail length (mm)</p> <p>totalmm: King cobra total length (mm)</p> <p>massg: King cobra mass (g)</p> <p>easting: UTM easting (UTM Zone 47N; Datum WGS84)</p> <p>northing: UTM northing (UTM Zone 47N; Datum WGS84)</p> <p>gpsaccm: Accuracy of GPS location (m)</p> <p>notes: Comments on predation event</p>
Figure 4 in Feeding ecology of the common sun skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam
Figure 4. Dispersion diagrams from Pearson's correlations between (A) snout-vent length and mouth width (r = 0.775, P <0.001), (B) mouth width and body mass (r = 0.775, P <0.001) and (C) snout-vent length and body mass (r = 0.902, P <0.001), of male (open circles and broken lines) and female (filled circles and solid lines) Eutropis multifasciata in the plains of central Vietnam.
Figure 1 in Feeding ecology of the common sun skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam
Figure 1. Map of Thua Thien-Hue Province in central Vietnam showing the three localities – (1) Quang Dien; (2) Huong Tra; (3) Xuan Phu – where the stomach contents of Eutropis multifasciata skinks were collected for this study.
Figure 3 in Feeding ecology of the common sun skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), in the plains of central Vietnam
Figure 3. Percent volumes of major food items (mean ± standard error, SE) in the diet of Eutropis multifasciata from the plains of central Vietnam. Ort = Orthoptera; Lar = insect larvae; Ara = Araneae; Ach = Achatinidae; Plant = plant materials. Different letters above the two lizard groups for the same food item indicate a significant difference (P <0.05) in proportional volumes. The remaining prey categories in Table 2 were excluded from this analysis due to low frequencies of occurrence (i.e. %F <5%).
Inferring quantitative species interactions of seeds and seed-feeding carabid beetles from ecological survey data
<p>Here, we develop a trait-based approach suitable for creating quantitative networks, i.e. with varying interaction strengths. We applied this method to existing ecological survey data from an arable field of carabid ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from pitfall traps and plant seeds from seed rain traps. We used existing data in the literature to predict a per-individual interaction cost index from carabid and seed size, based on frequency-dependent prey selection and the energetic intake of seeds by carabids. This was scaled up to the population level to create predicted inferred weighted networks using the sampled abundance of carabids and seeds, energetic intake rates in the literature, and assuming bottom up control. From this we calculated a novel predation pressure ratio which was the predicted seed predation (the sum of interaction strengths) relative to seed abundance.</p> <p>This is made available as an R markdown file with associated data files.</p>
Data from: A multiple peak adaptive landscape based on feeding strategies and roosting ecology shaped the evolution of cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation in phyllostomid bats
We explored the evolution of morphological integration in the most noteworthy example of adaptive radiation in mammals, the New World leaf-nosed bats, using a massive dataset and by combining phylogenetic comparative methods and quantitative genetic approaches. We demonstrated that the phenotypic covariance structure remained conserved on a broader phylogenetic scale but also showed a substantial divergence between inter-clade comparisons. Most of the phylogenetic structure in the integration space can be explained by splits at the beginning of the diversification of major clades. Our results provide evidence for a multiple peak adaptive landscape in the evolution of cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation, based upon diet and roosting ecology. In this scenario, the successful radiation of phyllostomid bats was triggered by the diversification of dietary and roosting strategies, and the invasion of these new adaptive zones lead to changes in phenotypic covariance structure and average morphology. Our results suggest that intense natural selection preceded the invasion of these new adaptive zones and played a fundamental role in shaping cranial covariance structure and morphological differentiation in this hyper-diverse clade of mammals. Finally, our study demonstrates the power of combining comparative methods and quantitative genetic approaches when investigating the evolution of complex morphologies.
Data from: Heterospecific aggression and dominance in a guild of coral-feeding fishes: the roles of dietary ecology and phylogeny
Interspecific competition mediates biodiversity maintenance and is an important selective pressure for evolution. Competition is often conceptualized as being exploitative (indirect) or involving direct interference. However, most empirical studies are phenomenological, focusing on quantifying effects of density manipulations, and most competition theory has characterized exploitation competition systems. The effects on resource use of traits associated with direct, interference competition has received far less attention. Here we examine the relationships of dietary ecology and phylogeny to heterospecific aggression in a guild of corallivorous reef fishes. We find that, among chaetodontids (butterflyfishes), heterospecific aggression depends on a synergistic interaction of dietary overlap and specialization: aggression increases with dietary overlap for interactions between specialists but not for interactions involving generalists. Moreover, behavioral dominance is a monotonically increasing function of dietary specialization. The strong, positive relationship of dominance to specialization suggests that heterospecific aggression may contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity where it promotes resource partitioning. Additionally, we find strong phylogenetic signals in dietary overlap and specialization but not behavioral dominance. Our results support the use of phylogeny as a proxy for ecological similarity among butterflyfishes, but we find that direct measures of dietary overlap and specialization predict heterospecific agression much better than phylogeny.
Spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) feeding ecology and selectivity of large herbivorous prey in the Namib Desert
<p>We have investigated the relationship between spotted hyaenas in the south Namib Desert and large herbivorous prey, and have summarized an updated overview of predator-prey relationships in this resource-limited arid environment. Over the 52-month study, we recorded the densities (#/km<sup>-2</sup>, <u>+</u> SE) of the four local large herbivorous prey species: gemsbok (1.229, <u>+</u> 0.50), springbok (1.352, <u>+</u> 0.48), ostrich (0.648, <u>+</u> 0.23), and greater kudu (0.343, <u>+</u> 0.00). A faecal analysis was performed on 146 collected spotted hyaena scats, and prey items were identified and hairs cross-follicle analysed to the species level. Spotted hyaena diet at the study area remained opportunistic with 240 identified prey items representing eight differing prey species being recorded, ranging from ostrich eggs to large ungulates. The Ivlev's Electivity Index was used to determine which large herbivorous prey was most selected for. Although gemsbok had a higher representation of prey items in the sampled scats, all sampled large herbivorous prey species scored below 0, and are thus generally avoided in relation to their availability in the environment. If any prey preferences are expressed by spotted hyaena in the Namib, it can be presumed to be a non-sampled prey species. We therefore promote further detailed investigations into all other prey species present, and seasonal variations of prey densities and scat sampling, within the study environment.</p>
Disparate movement behaviour and feeding ecology in sympatric ecotypes of Atlantic cod
<p>Co-existence of ecotypes, genetically divergent population units, is a widespread phenomenon, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and local food web stability. In coastal Skagerrak, Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) occur as two such co-existing ecotypes. We applied a combination of acoustic telemetry, genotyping and stable isotope analysis to 72 individuals to investigate movement ecology and food niche of putative local "Fjord" and putative oceanic "North Sea" ecotypes – thus named based on previous molecular studies. Genotyping and individual origin assignment suggested 41 individuals were Fjord and 31 were North Sea ecotypes. Both ecotypes were found throughout the fjord. Seven percent of Fjord ecotype individuals left the study system during the study while 42 % of North Sea individuals left, potentially homing to natal spawning grounds. Home range sizes were similar for the two ecotypes but highly variable among individuals. Fjord ecotype cod had significantly higher δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N stable isotope values than North Sea ecotype cod, suggesting they exploited different food niches. The results suggest coexisting ecotypes may possess innate differences in feeding- and movement ecologies and may thus fill different functional roles in marine ecosystems. This highlights the importance of conserving interconnected populations to ensure stable ecosystem functioning and food web structures.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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