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170 results for “forest litter”
Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
1. Ridges of tropical mountains often differ strikingly from neighbouring ravines in terms of forest structure, productivity, and species composition. This heterogeneity is poorly understood despite its critical role in biodiversity maintenance, carbon and nutrient budgets. 2. We examined measures of tree biomass and productivity, foliage and litter quality (nutrient concentrations, specific leaf mass, phenolics), herbivory and leaf litter decomposition in each six plots laid out in upper and lower slope position in a tropical montane moist forest in southeastern Ecuador. 3. Productivity, quality of foliage and litter and herbivory were significantly lower in upper slope position and closely correlated with soil nutrient concentrations and accumulated humus. The decomposition of upper slope leaf litter (decomposition rate k) was substantially lower than in litter from lower slope forest, whereas the site of decomposition (slope position) only had a marginal effect on the decomposition rate. 4. Our results suggest that the differences in stand structure, productivity, foliar quality, herbivory and decomposition between slope positions are ultimately due to stronger nutrient limitations in upper slope forest. We propose a general conceptual model that explains origin and maintenance of contrasting forest types along topographical gradients through down-slope fluxes of nutrients and water, and a nutrient-driven positive feedback cycle.
Data from: Plasticity in leaf litter traits partly mitigates the impact of thinning on forest floor carbon cycling
1. Reducing stand density by thinning intensification has been emphasized as an efficient strategy of forest adaptation to climate change as it improves stand resistance to drought. Yet, it is still unclear how it could affect litter C cycling processes. Recent evidence indicates that the plasticity of an oak tree species can lead to a decline in its leaf litter quality and decomposability following thinning. The consequences for litter decomposition and forest floor C storage at the ecosystem-scale remain largely unexplored. 2. In this study, we took advantage of a regional-scale, multi-site network of long-term thinning experiments in temperate oak (Quercus petraea) forests to address this issue. We measured ecosystem properties related to forest floor C cycling in 19 plots across eight experimental sites covering a large gradient of stand density and age. Though we expected thinning to affect in situ litter decomposition by altering oak leaf litter quality, we conducted complementary experiments exploring additional mechanisms, i.e. alterations of microenvironmental conditions and soil faunal activity. 3. Thinning intensification induced a strong decline in tree canopy leaf area index, aboveground tree litter production and forest floor decomposition rate in early 'aggradation' stage of forest development. This slower litter decomposition was mainly driven by plasticity of oak trees that produced leaf litter of poorer quality and decomposability following thinning, e.g. litter richer in secondary metabolites such as condensed tannins. Change in microenvironmental conditions also contributed to the slowdown of litter decomposition, likely as a result of the less buffered microclimate associated with larger tree canopy opening. No change in soil faunal effect induced by thinning was found. 4. Thinning resulted in a limited decrease in forest floor C stock. Indeed, the slower litter decomposition offset nearly half of the forest floor C loss associated to the reduced litterfall in 'aggradation' stage. 5. Our study demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity in leaf litter traits of a dominant tree species can strongly affect ecosystem functioning by slowing forest floor decomposition following thinning intensification, in turn partly mitigating the negative effect of thinning on forest floor C storage.
Figure 1 in Diversity and abundance of fungivorous thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with leaf-litter and bark across forest types and two tree genera in subtropical Australia
Figure 1. Morphological diversity among fungal-feeding thrips. (A) Anaglyptothrips dugdalei; (B) Baenothrips moundi; (C) Corroboreethrips sp. nr subsolanus; (D) Horistothrips australiae; (E) Merothrips floridensis; (F) Uzelothrips scabrosus; (G) Psalidothrips sp. nov. "A"; (H) Zemiathrips uptoni; (I) Gen. nov. Phlaeothripinae "N".
Figure 2 in Diversity and abundance of fungivorous thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with leaf-litter and bark across forest types and two tree genera in subtropical Australia
Figure 2. Location of the D'Aguilar National Park, within the Macpherson–Macleay overlap where the Torresian and Bassian zones come together, which results in increased biodiversity.
Figure 4 in Assembly of Myrmelachista Roger (Formicidae: Formicinae) in twigs fallen on the leaf litter of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Figure 4. Breeding flight of Myrmelachista. (A) Myrmelachista catharinae male; (B) Myrmelachista ruszkii female. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 1 in Assembly of Myrmelachista Roger (Formicidae: Formicinae) in twigs fallen on the leaf litter of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Figure 1. Sampling sites. The fragments of the Atlantic rainforest, where the study was conducted, are highlighted. PNMFAM: Francisco Affonso de Mello Natural Municipal Park; BPN: Barragem de Ponte Nova; NRT: Nascentes do Tietê State Park.
Figure 5 in Assembly of Myrmelachista Roger (Formicidae: Formicinae) in twigs fallen on the leaf litter of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Figure 5. Head capsule size average (mm) of Myrmelachista workers found in dry twigs. Vertical bars represent standard deviations.
Figure 3 in Assembly of Myrmelachista Roger (Formicidae: Formicinae) in twigs fallen on the leaf litter of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Figure 3. Myrmelachista nests in small twigs. (A, B) Myrmelachista ruszkii; (C, D) Myrmelachista catharinae; (E, F) Myrmelachista nodigera. (B, D, E) queens. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 2 in Assembly of Myrmelachista Roger (Formicidae: Formicinae) in twigs fallen on the leaf litter of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Figure 2. Total number of nests of each of the Myrmelachista species recorded in small fallen twigs in the leaf litter of the Atlantic Rainforest.
Figure 4 in Diet and feeding behaviour of the leaf-litter frog Ischnocnema henselii (Anura: Brachycephalidae) in Araucaria rain forests on the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 4. Relationship between mouth width of hunting Ischnocnema henselii frogs and the volume of prey animals.
Figure 3 in Diet and feeding behaviour of the leaf-litter frog Ischnocnema henselii (Anura: Brachycephalidae) in Araucaria rain forests on the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 3. Relationship between mouth width of hunting Ischnocnema henselii frogs and length of prey animals.
Figure 1 in Diet and feeding behaviour of the leaf-litter frog Ischnocnema henselii (Anura: Brachycephalidae) in Araucaria rain forests on the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 1. Relationship between body size (snout–vent length) and weight in Ischnocnema henselii adults.
Figure 5 in Diet and feeding behaviour of the leaf-litter frog Ischnocnema henselii (Anura: Brachycephalidae) in Araucaria rain forests on the Serra Geral of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 5. Prey items as found in the stomachs of adult Ischnocnema henselii frogs and composition of the litter fauna in the frogs' habitat.
Dataset. Socio-ecological metabolism and rural livelihood conditions: two case studies on forest litter uses in France and Poland (1875-1910)
<p>This Datasets is the supplementary Material to the paper :"Socio-ecological metabolism and rural livelihoo conditions: two case studies on forest litter uses in France and Poland (1875-1910)".</p>
FIGURE 3. Arxiella longispora. A in Arxiella longispora (Muyocopronaceae), a new fungal species from forest litters in Northeast China
FIGURE 3. Arxiella longispora. A. The front of colony in PDA. B. The reverse of colony in PDA. C. The front of colony in MEA. D. The reverse of colony in MEA. E–G. Hyphae, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. H. Conidia. Bars = 20 μm.
Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
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Data from: Plasticity in leaf litter traits partly mitigates the impact of thinning on forest floor carbon cycling
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Data from: Litter removal in a tropical rain forest reduces fine root biomass and production but litter addition has few effects
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Data from: Forest composition modifies litter dynamics and decomposition in regenerating tropical dry forest
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Litter dynamics recover faster than arthropod biodiversity during tropical forest succession
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