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287 results for “genital morphology”
FIGURE 7 in DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 7. Seladonia smaragdula, male (= form A) (France, Var, Porquerolles Island), ventral view of the projections of the gonocoxites; a, large projection; b, small projection; c, tuft of setae; d, appendice; e, underplate.
FIGURE 2 in DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of bees in the Seladonia smaragdula complex (= S. smaragdula sensu lato).
FIGURE 5 in DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 5. Halictus smaragdulus form vinulus, female holotype and male paratype; a, female head; b, female propodeum; c, male head; d, male antenna; e, male genitalia, ventral view; f, labels of the female holotype.
FIGURE 3. Neighbour-joining tree showing p in DNA barcoding and male genital morphology reveal five new cryptic species in the West Palearctic bee Seladonia smaragdula (Vachal, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)
FIGURE 3. Neighbour-joining tree showing p-distances at COI (658bp) among Seladonia specimens. Outgroup: Lasioglossum semilucens. Label at the end of each branch includes field ID or GenBank accession number, species identification [L = Lasioglossum, H = Halictus, S = Seladonia, S s = Seladonia smaragdula sensu lato, V = Vestitohalictus, *A–E = each of the currently recognized forms within Seladonia smaragdula based on the male genitalia according to Pauly & Rassel (1982)] and country of collection. Values at nodes: bootstrap support (%) in the neighbour-joining / parsimony / maximum likelihood analyses / and posterior probabilities in the Bayesian inference ("+": maximum support; "-" support of bootstrapping <80% or posterior probability <0.9). Colors of branches are according to each S. smaragdula form; black triangles at the end of a branch represent several similar haplotypes with identical species identifications.
FIGURES 25–28 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 25–28. Filopalpus kakaensis sp. nov. Male holotype (25–26); female paratype (27–28). Body lateral view (25, 27) and dorsal view (26, 28), Scale: 1 mm.
FIGURES 1–6 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Filopalpus joschmidti sp. nov. Body dorsal view. 1–3, 5. Male; 4, 6 female. 1–2. Left pedipalp stretched out and surpassing length of leg II; 1. and 2–3. represent different males (note different equipment of apophyses of rear end of opisthosoma). 4. Female with short pedipalp; 5–6. Distal part of prosoma; note cover of hedgehog-like tubercles with seta on top. A and b in Figs 1 and 2 indicate the pedipalp (a) and leg II (b). Photographs by Jean Severin (1) and Joachim Schmidt (2–6).
FIGURES 11–24 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 11–24. Filopalpus joschmidti sp. nov. Male holotype (11–17; 21–23) and female paratype (18–20; 24). 11–12. Penis dorsal and lateral views. 13–15. Glans dorsal, ventral and lateral views. 16–19. Chelicera pro-lateral and retro-lateral views. 20. Pedipalpus retro-lateral view. 21. Pedipalpal femur-patella joint, retro-lateral view male. 22. Pedipalp retro-lateral view. 23. Pedipalpal tibia and tarsus. 24. Ovipositor distal part. Scales: 11–12: 0.3 mm, 13–19: 0.1 mm, 20: 0.5 mm, 21: 0.13 mm, 22: 0.25 mm, 23: 0.5 mm, 24: 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 40–50 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 40–50. Filopalpus bale sp. nov. Male holotype (40–48) and female paratype (49–50). 40–41. Penis dorsal and lateral view. 42–45. Glans ventral, dorsal and lateral view, in 39 and 40 seen from different angles. 46–50. Habitus, lateral view (46–49), dorsal view (47, 50) and ventral view (48). Scales: 40–41: 0.3 mm, 42–45: 0.05 mm, 46–50: 1.2 mm.
FIGURES 7–10 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 7–10. Filopalpus joschmidti sp. nov. 7–8. Female paratype; 9–10. Male holotype. Body dorsal view (8), lateral view (7, 10) and ventral view (9). Scale: 1 mm.
FIGURES 29–39 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 29–39. Filopalpus kakaensis sp. nov. Male holotype (29–32, 34–37) and female paratype (33, 38–39). 29–30. Penis, dorsal and lateral view. 31–32. Glans dorsal and lateral view. 33. Pedipalp retro-lateral view. 34. Pedipalpal trochanter and base of femur. 35. Pedipalpal tibia and tarsus, retro-lateral view. 36–39. Chelicera retro-lateral (36, 38) and pro-lateral view (37–39). Scales: 29–39: 0.3 mm.
FIGURES 66–70 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 66–70. Filopalpus niger sp. nov. Female paratype. Habitus in lateral view (66) and dorsal view (67). 68. Pedipalp in retro-lateral view. 69–70. Chelicera in retro-lateral view (69) and pro-lateral view (70). Scales: 66–67: 0.6 mm, 68: 0.5 mm, 69–70: 0.3 mm.
FIGURES 58–65 in From the Ethiopian Bale Mountains hotspot-Filopalpinae subfam. nov., a new taxon of Laniatorean harvestmen based on external and genital morphology (Arachnida, Opiliones, Assamiidae)
FIGURES 58–65. Filopalpus altomontanus sp. nov. Female holotype. 58–60. Habitus in dorsal (58), ventral (59) and lateral view (60). 61–62. Chelicera in pro-lateral-view (61) and retro-lateral view (62). 63. Pedipalp, retro-lateral view. 64. Pedipalpal tibia and tarsus, retro-lateral view. 65. Apophysis and sensory hair on pedipalpal tarsus. Scales: 58–60: 0.6 mm, 61–62: 0.3 mm, 63: 0.5 mm, 65: 0.025 mm.
FIGURE 1. Protrelleta floridana Chitwood, 1932. Female. A. Oesophageal region, lateral view. B. Cephalic end, optical section. C. Tail, lateral view. D. Egg. E. Genital tract, lateral view. F in Morphological and molecular characterization of two species of nematodes (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatoidea: Protrelloididae, Thelastomatidae) parasitic in the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis Serville (Blattaria: Blaberidae) from Cuba
FIGURE 1. Protrelleta floridana Chitwood, 1932. Female. A. Oesophageal region, lateral view. B. Cephalic end, optical section. C. Tail, lateral view. D. Egg. E. Genital tract, lateral view. F. Habitus, lateral view.
Dataset for Xia et al.: Reproductive isolation via divergent genital morphology due to cascade reinforcement in Ohomopterus ground beetles
<p><span>Secondary contact between incipient species and selection against maladaptive hybridization can drive reinforcement between populations in contact and result in reproductive character displacement (RCD). Resultant divergence in mating traits within a species may generate downstream reproductive isolation between populations with </span><span>d</span><span>isplaced and non-displaced traits, referred to as the cascade reinforcement hypothesis. We examined this hypothesis using three allopatric populations of the ground beetle </span><span>Carabus maiyasanus</span><span> with</span><span> a genital lock-and-key system. This species shows RCD in male and female genital morphologies in populations in contact with the sister species C. iwawakianus. In a reciprocal mating experiment using three allopatric populations with differences in male and female genital sizes, insemination</span><span>failure increased as the difference in genital size increased. Based on the reproductive isolation index, insemination failure w</span><span>as the major postmating-prezygotic isolation barrier, at least in one population pair with comparable total isolation to those of other species pairs. By contrast, there was</span><span> only incomplete premating isolation among populations</span><span>. </span><span>These results suggest that RCD in genital morphologies drives incipient allopatric speciation, supporting the cascade reinforcement hypothesis. These findings provide insight into the roles of interspecific interactions and subsequent trait diversification in speciation processes</span><span>.</span></p>
Data for: Relationships between reproductive character displacement in genital morphology and the population-level cost of interspecific mating: Implications for the Templeton effect
<p><span>Natural selection against maladaptive interspecific reproductive interactions may cause greater divergence in mating traits between sympatric populations than between allopatric populations in a pair of species, known as reproductive character displacement (RCD), evidence for the lock-and-key hypothesis of genital evolution. However, the relative importance of various processes contributing to RCD in genital morphology (e.g., reinforcement, reproductive interference, and population filtering or the Templeton effect) is not clear. Here, we examined hypotheses for RCD in genital morphology, with a special focus on the Templeton effect (which predicts that only highly differentiated populations can exist in sympatry). We examined population-level fitness costs in interspecific mating between <em>Carabus maiyasanus</em> and <em>C. iwawakianus</em> with RCD in genital morphology. A mating experiment using populations with various degrees of RCD in genital morphology showed no evidence for consistently lower interspecific mating costs in <em>C. maiyasanus</em> populations in contact with displacement in genital morphology than in remote populations, contrary to the predictions of the Templeton effect. Alternatively, interspecific mating costs varied among populations. Observed relationships between the sizes of genital parts concerning isolation and interspecific mating costs across populations suggested that population-level fitness costs do not necessarily decrease during the process leading to RCD. Our results provide insight into ecological and evolutionary processes during secondary contact in closely related species.</span></p>
FIGURES 17–20. 17, 18 P in Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) and P. klugii Burmeister: a comparative study of the genital morphology of two polychromatic Pachycorinae (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)
FIGURES 17–20. 17, 18 P. klugii; 19–20 P. torridus: 17, 19 dorsal view;18, 20 ventral view of gynatrium: (fec, fecundation canal; fcs, fecundation canal sclerite; lt9, laterotergites 9; sth, spermatheca; pmgp, posteromedian gynatrial pouch; rs, ring sclerites). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
FIGURES 9–27. Male genital morphology. 9, Halbherria daffneri n in Phylogeny of Bathysciotina Guéorguiev, 1974, based on morphology with a special emphasis to Italian genera and with the description of a new species of Halbherria (Coleoptera Leiodidae Cholevinae Leptodirini)
FIGURES 9–27. Male genital morphology. 9, Halbherria daffneri n. sp. aedeagus dorsal. 10, H. daffneri n. sp., aedeagus, tip of paramere. 11, H. daffneri n. sp. aedeagus lateral. 12, H. zorzii aedeagus dorsal. 13, H. zorzii aedeagus lateral. 14, H. tamaninii aedeagus dorsal. 15, H. tamaninii aedeagus lateral. 16, Sinuicollia dalpiazi, aedeagus dorsal. 17, S. dalpiazi, aedeagus lateral. 18, Speonesiotes muelleri. aedeagus dorsal. 19, Speonesiotes muelleri, aedeagus lateral. 20, Albanella scutariensis aedeagus dorsal. 21, Albanella scutariensis, aedeagus lateral. 22, Redensekia likana, aedeagus dorsal. 23, Aphaotus jureceki, aedeagus dorsal. 24, Neobathyscia mancinii, genital segment. 25, H. zorzii, genital segment. 26, Aphaotus jureceki, genital segment. 27, Bathysciotes khevenhuelleri, genital segment. Scale bar is 100 μm.
FIGURES 28–42. Female genital morphology. 28–35 in Phylogeny of Bathysciotina Guéorguiev, 1974, based on morphology with a special emphasis to Italian genera and with the description of a new species of Halbherria (Coleoptera Leiodidae Cholevinae Leptodirini)
FIGURES 28–42. Female genital morphology. 28–35, ventrite VIII and spiculum ventrale. 36, genital segment. 37–42, spermatheca. 28, 38, Halbherria daffneri n. sp. 29, H. zorzii. 30, Sinuicollia dalpiazi. 31, 41, Ravasinia lonae. 32, Lessiniella berica. 33, 39, Redensekia likana. 34, 36, 42, Sphaerobathyscia hoffmanni. 35, Bathyscidius tristiculus. 37, Bathysciotes khevenhuelleri. 40, Speonesiotes narentinus. bs=basal sclerite, scale bar is 100 μm.
Figs. 2–10 in The enigmatic Alpine opilionid Saccarella schilleri gen. n., sp. n. (Arachnida: Nemastomatidae)-isolated systematic placement inferred from comparative genital morphology
Figs. 2–10 Generic differences versus interspecific differences in male genital morphology of Nemastomatinae showing penial glans and stylus. Species shown have been assigned to their "correct" respective genus in a molecular phylogenetic analysis including 28S rRNA and cytochrome b (see Schönhofer and Martens 2010); all Figs from Martens (1978; respective Fig.-no. in parentheses); 1–2: dorsal; 3–9: ventral; 2: Nemastoma bimaculatum (Fig. 124); 3: Nemastoma lugubre (Fig. 136); 4: Nemastoma bidentatum (Fig. 147); 5: Carinostoma carinatum (Fig. 195); 6: Carinostoma elegans (Fig. 202); 7: Paranemastoma silli (Fig. 177); 8: Paranemastoma quadripunctatum (Fig. 155); 9: Histricostoma argenteolunulatum (Fig. 190); 10: Histricostoma dentipalpe (Fig. 184)
FIGURE 2 in Trechus species from Mt. Choke of northern Ethiopia related to T. niloticus (Quéinnec & Ollivier) with notable male genital morphology (Carabidae: Trechini)
FIGURE 2. Habitus photographs of Trechus (Abyssinotus) species; the white circles point to the insertions of the supraorbital setae, pronotal lateral setae, parascutellar seta, elytral discal setae, and setae of the umbilicate series. A, T. reebae (Quéinnec & Ollivier, 2021), specimen from western crater valley. B, T. yitbareki Schmidt, sp. n., paratype. C, T. kniphofia Schmidt, sp. n., paratype. D, T. igori Schmidt, sp. n., paratype.
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