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152 results for “gigantism”
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism
Figure 3. Evolution of behavioural traits in Orbiculariae plotted on the preferred topology (see Fig. 2). Above, evolution of the sector web and silk tube retreat; below, evolution of radius building, hub building, and attack behaviour.
Figure 1 in How common is gigantism in insular fossil shrews? Examining the 'Island Rule' in soricids (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) from Mediterranean Islands using new body mass estimation models
Figure 1. Diagram of Mediterranean Islands showing endemic genera and species of soricids from the Plio–Quaternary to the present: white shrew silhouettes, current species; grey shrew silhouettes, extinct or with presence in the fossil record. From west to east: species of Nesiotites (extinct) from the Gymnesic Islands; species of Asoriculus (extinct) from the Corso-Sardinian complex; Asoriculus burgioi (extinct) from Sicily; Crocidura sicula sicula (present in the fossil record and extant) and Crocidura sicula esuae (extinct) from the Sicilian–Maltese archipelago; Crocidura zimmermanni (present in the fossil record and extant) from Crete; and Crocidura suaveolens praecypria (extinct) from Cyprus. See text for references.
Figure 2 in How common is gigantism in insular fossil shrews? Examining the 'Island Rule' in soricids (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) from Mediterranean Islands using new body mass estimation models
Figure 2. Chronological framework of the species used in the study: in black, species related to the tribe Nectogalini; in grey, Crocidura species. The circles highlight the species analysed from different sites sorted biochronologically (connected by a thick line), the squares highlight the species analysed from only one site, and the empty squares highlight the mainland (ancestor) species. Below the species: the site, locality, and molar/s used for estimating body mass are listed.
Figure 4 in How common is gigantism in insular fossil shrews? Examining the 'Island Rule' in soricids (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) from Mediterranean Islands using new body mass estimation models
Figure 4. Estimations of body masses (in g) of Nesiotites species (row A, lower molars) and Crocidura zimmermanni (row B, lower molars; and row C, upper molars) from different sites ordered chronologically (see Table 2 for site acronyms). The first column shows the predictions of body mass using all of the estimators (white square, LM1; black circle, WM1; grey circle, TRLM1; grey square, AAM1; white circle, TRAAM1) and the following columns represent each measurement separately (LM1, WM1, TRLM1, AAM1, and TRAAM1, respectively). In order to observe the fluctuation of the points, we linked the points with a line. Dotted lines in Nesiotites diagrams (row A) separate the three statistically different subgroups.
Figure 3 in How common is gigantism in insular fossil shrews? Examining the 'Island Rule' in soricids (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) from Mediterranean Islands using new body mass estimation models
Figure 3. Measurements of mandible, cranium, and postcranial bones. A, cranium: WOC, width of the occipital condyles. B, mandible: TRLM/1, tooth row length of lower molars. C, femur: FL, femur length; FTDp, proximal femoral transversal diameter; FAPDd, distal femoral anteroposterior diameter; FTDd, distal femoral transversal diameter. D, humerus: HL, humerus length; HAPDp, proximal humeral anteroposterior diameter; HAPDd, distal humeral anteroposterior diameter; HTDd, distal humeral transversal diameter. E, tibia: TL, tibia length; TAPDp, proximal tibia anteroposterior diameter; TTDp, proximal tibia transversal diameter; TTDd, distal tibia transversal diameter.
Figure 5 in How common is gigantism in insular fossil shrews? Examining the 'Island Rule' in soricids (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) from Mediterranean Islands using new body mass estimation models
Figure 5. Diagrams comparing the body mass (in g) of extant relatives and fossil species: A, extinct Asoriculus and Nesiotites species and the extant species of the tribe Nectogalini; B, extinct and extant Crocidura species. Lines indicate the body mass range of groups. See the legend for symbols.
Efficacy and Safety of Pasireotide LAR (Long-acting Release) in Japanese Patients With Acromegaly or Pituitary Gigantism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01673646. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Phylogenomic variation at the population-species interface and assessment of gigantism in a model wolf spider genus (Lycosidae, Schizocosa)
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Data from: Gigantic lion, (Panthera leo), from the Pleistocene of Natodomeri, eastern Africa
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Data from: Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics
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Uninterrupted growth in a non-polar hadrosaur explains the gigantism among duck-billed dinosaurs
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Data from: Late Paleozoic fusulinoidean gigantism driven by atmospheric hyperoxia
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Data from: Ecological explanations to island gigantism: dietary niche divergence, predation and size in an endemic lizard
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Data from: Trepostomate bryozoans from the upper Katian (Upper Ordovician) of Morocco: gigantism in high latitude Gondwana platforms
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Macrosystems Gigante Soil Sample Data on N, P, K and Micronutrient Treated Plots 16S rRNA Resampled
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. This data set captures abundance of OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) sampled for in forest soils at the Gigante Peninsula plots in Panama. Prior to macrosystems collection, these plots had been fertilized with N, P, K, and micronutrients for 14 years. This data represents abundance of 16S rRNA genes in soil samples at Gigante processed by the University of Oklahoma Institute for Environmental Genomics as part of a macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836.
Macrosystems Gigante Soil Sample Data on N, P, K and Micronutrient Treated Plots - ITS Resampled
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. This data set captures abundance of OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) sampled for in forest soils at the Gigante Peninsula plots in Panama. Prior to macrosystems collection, these plots had been fertilized with N, P, K, and micronutrients for 14 years. This data represents abundance of ITS (fungi) genes in soil samples at Gigante processed by the University of Oklahoma Institute for Environmental Genomics as part of a macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836.
Supplementary material 1 from: Bartolucci F, Domina G, Ardenghi NMG, Bacaro G, Bacchetta G, Ballarin F, Banfi E, Barberis G, Beccarisi L, Bernardo L, Bonari G, Bonini F, Brullo S, Buono S, Buono V, Calbi M, Caldararo F, Calvia G, Cancellieri L, Cannavò S, Dagnino D, Esposito A, Fascetti S, Filibeck G, Fiorini G, Forte L, Galasso G, Gestri G, Gigante D, Gottschlich G, Gubellini L, Hofmann N, Lastrucci L, Lonati M, Lorenz R, Lunardi L, Magrini S, Mainetti A, Maiorca G, Mereu G, Messa Ballarin RT, Minuto L, Mossini S, Musarella CM, Nimis PL, Passalacqua NG, Peccenini S, Petriglia B, Podda L, Potenza G, Ravetto Enri S, Roma-Marzio F, Rosati L, Ruggero A, Spampinato G, Stinca A, Tiburtini M, Tietto C, Tomaselli V, Turcato C, Viciani D, Wagensommer RP, Nepi C (2019) Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 8. Italian Botanist 8: 95-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.8.48626
: Data type: species data
Data from: LTR retrotransposons contribute to genomic gigantism in plethodontid salamanders
Among vertebrates, most of the largest genomes are found within the salamanders, a clade of amphibians that includes 613 species. Salamander genome sizes range from ∼14 Gb to ∼120 Gb. Because genome size is correlated with nucleus and cell sizes, as well as other traits, morphological evolution in salamanders has been profoundly affected by genomic gigantism. However, the molecular mechanisms driving genomic expansion in this clade remain largely unknown. Here, we present the first comparative analysis of transposable element (TE) content in salamanders. Using high-throughput sequencing, we generated genomic shotgun data for six species from the Plethodontidae, the largest family of salamanders. We then developed a pipeline to mine TE sequences from shotgun data in taxa with limited genomic resources, such as salamanders. Our summaries of overall TE abundance and diversity for each species demonstrate that TEs make up a substantial portion of salamander genomes, and that all of the major known types of TEs are represented in salamanders. The most abundant TE superfamilies found in the genomes of our six focal species are similar, despite substantial variation in genome size. However, our results demonstrate a major difference between salamanders and other vertebrates: salamander genomes contain much larger amounts of LTR retrotransposons, primarily Ty3/gypsy elements. Thus, the extreme increase in genome size that occurred in salamanders was likely accompanied by a shift in TE landscape. These results suggest that increased proliferation of LTR retrotransposons was a major molecular mechanism contributing to genomic expansion in salamanders.
FIGURE 1 in A gigantic deepsea Nucinellidae from the tropical West Pacific (Bivalvia: Protobranchia)
FIGURE 1. Location of the MUSORSTOM 2 station CP 42.
Supplementary material 1 from: Bartolucci F, Domina G, Argenti C, Bacchetta G, Ballelli S, Banfi E, Barberis D, Barberis G, Bertolli A, Bolpagni R, Bonari G, Bonini F, Briozzo I, Brundu G, Bruschi T, Calbi M, Callegari M, Calvia G, Campoccia D, Cancellieri L, Cangelmi G, Carfagno S, Carruggio F, Casazza G, Cavallaro V, Cherchi S, Ciocia B, Conti F, Crisafulli A, Dagnino D, Vecchia AD, De Fine G, Del Nero V, Di Filippo A, Dunkel FG, Festi F, Filibeck G, Fois M, Forte L, Fratolin F, Galasso G, Gigante D, Gottschlich G, Gubellini L, Hofmann N, Jiménez-Mejías P, Laface VLA, Lonati M, Lozano V, Mainetti A, Mariotti M, Mei G, Minutillo F, Minuto L, Musarella CM, Nota G, Orsenigo S, Pallanza M, Passalacqua NG, Pazienza G, Pinzani L, Pittarello M, Podda L, Prosser F, Enri SR, Riva G, Santi F, Scoppola A, Selvaggi A, Selvi F, Spampinato G, Stinca A, Tomaselli V, Tomasi G, Tondi G, Turcato C, Wilhalm T, Lastrucci L (2021) Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 12. Italian Botanist 12: 85-103. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.78038
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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