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303 results for “habitat preference”
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata; Gekkonidae) from the Thai Highlands with a discussion on the evolution of habitat preference
FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species of the Cyrtodactylus sinyineensis group in Thailand and Myanmar.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata; Gekkonidae) from the Thai Highlands with a discussion on the evolution of habitat preference
FIGURE 7. Uncatalogued specimen of Cyrtodactylus maelanoi sp. nov. photographed in situ at the type locality of Tha Pha Pum Subdistrict, Mae La Noi District, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand.
Data from: Habitat preference modulates trans-oceanic dispersal in a terrestrial vertebrate
The importance of long-distance dispersal in shaping geographic distributions has been debated since the 19th century. In terrestrial vertebrates, long-distance dispersal events across large water bodies are considered highly improbable, but organismal traits affecting dispersal capacity are generally not taken into account. Here, we focus on a recent lizard radiation and combine a summary-coalescent species tree based on 1225 exons with a probabilistic model that links dispersal capacity to an evolving trait, to investigate whether ecological specialization has influenced the probability of trans-oceanic dispersal. Cryptoblepharus species that occur in coastal habitats have on average dispersed 13 to 14 times more frequently than non-coastal species and coastal specialization has therefore led to an extraordinarily widespread distribution that includes multiple continents and distant island archipelagoes. Furthermore, their presence across the Pacific substantially predates the age of human colonization and we can therefore explicitly reject the possibility that these patterns are solely shaped by human mediated dispersal. Overall, by combining new analytical methods with a comprehensive phylogenomic dataset, we use a quantitative framework to show how coastal specialization can influence dispersal capacity and eventually shape geographic distributions at a macroevolutionary scale.
Data from: Genetic effects of landscape, habitat preference, and demography on three co-occurring turtle species
Expanding the scope of landscape genetics beyond the level of single species can help to reveal how species traits influence responses to environmental change. Multispecies studies are particularly valuable in highly threatened taxa, such as turtles, in which the impacts of anthropogenic change are strongly influenced by interspecific differences in life-history strategies, habitat preferences, and mobility. We sampled approximately 1500 individuals of three co-occurring turtle species across a gradient of habitat change (including varying loss of wetlands and agricultural conversion of upland habitats) in the Midwestern USA. We used genetic clustering and multiple regression methods to identify associations between genetic structure and permanent landscape features, past landscape composition, and landscape change in each species. Two aquatic generalists (the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, and the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina) both exhibited population genetic structure consistent with isolation-by-distance, modulated by aquatic landscape features. Genetic divergence for the more terrestrial Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii), on the other hand, was not strongly associated with geographic distance or aquatic features, and Bayesian clustering analysis indicated that many Emydoidea populations were genetically isolated. Despite long generation times, all three species exhibited associations between genetic structure and post-settlement habitat change, indicating that long generation times may not be sufficient to delay genetic drift resulting from recent habitat fragmentation. The concordances in genetic structure observed between aquatic species, as well as isolation in the endangered, long-lived Emydoidea, reinforce the need to consider both landscape composition and demographic factors in assessing differential responses to habitat change in co-occurring species.
Data from: Habitat preference facilitates successful early breeding in an open-cup nesting songbird
Selecting breeding habitats that ameliorate environmental limits on fitness and facilitate successful reproduction should benefit individual animals. This is particularly true in the temperate zone, where breeding early in a season presents a unique series of environmental challenges that can limit an individual's fitness. While many studies document links between habitat quality and reproductive success, few identify the cues used to assess habitat quality or the components of reproduction most influenced by occupying higher quality habitat, particularly during the early breeding season. We used detailed spatial maps and observations of all early season nesting attempts in an insular song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population over 38 years to estimate the influence of nest-site preference on reproductive success and to test whether relative microclimate or food availability may act as cues for early season site selection. Female sparrows in preferred early season nest sites had earlier laying dates, exhibited more energetically efficient incubation behaviour and produced more offspring that recruited to the population than those nesting in less-preferred sites. Preference for potential nesting sites was positively related to leaf damage by Lepidopteran larvae, an indicator of food abundance, negatively related to early season microclimate, likely due to greater vegetation cover, and unrelated to site-specific plant phenology. Our findings show that breeding in preferred, high-quality habitat may offer females a fitness advantage by facilitating early laying and the production of offspring more likely to recruit to the population at a lower potential reproductive cost to the parent. We provide a clear demonstration of potential links between habitat preference and quality and their contributions to the ecology and life history of animals in seasonal environments.
Data from: Habitat choice meets thermal specialization: competition with specialists may drive suboptimal habitat preferences in generalists
Limited dispersal is classically considered as a prerequisite for ecological specialization to evolve, such that generalists are expected to show greater dispersal propensity compared with specialists. However, when individuals choose habitats that maximize their performance instead of dispersing randomly, theory predicts dispersal with habitat choice to evolve in specialists, while generalists should disperse more randomly. We tested whether habitat choice is associated with thermal niche specialization using microcosms of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a species that performs active dispersal and habitat choice. We found that thermal specialists preferred optimal habitats as predicted by theory, a link that should make specialists more likely to track suitable conditions under environmental changes than expected under the random dispersal assumption. Surprisingly, generalists also performed habitat choice but with a preference for suboptimal habitats. Since this result challenges current theory, we developed a simple metapopulation model to understand under which circumstances such a preference for suboptimal habitats should evolve. We showed that competition between generalists and specialists may favor a preference for niche margins in generalists under environmental variability. Our results demonstrate that the behavioral dimension of dispersal—here, habitat choice—fundamentally alters our predictions of how dispersal evolve with niche specialization, making dispersal behaviors crucial for ecological forecasting facing environmental changes.
Data from: Ecological opportunity and the evolution of habitat preferences in an arid-zone bird: implications for speciation in a climate-modified landscape
Bioclimatic models are widely used to investigate the impacts of climate change on species distributions. Range shifts are expected to occur as species track their current climate niche yet the potential for exploitation of new ecological opportunities that may arise as ecosystems and communities remodel is rarely considered. Here we show that grasswrens of the Amytornis textilis-modestus complex responded to new ecological opportunities in Australia's arid biome through shifts in habitat preference following the development of chenopod shrublands during the late Plio-Pleistocene. We find evidence of spatially explicit responses to climatically driven landscape changes including changes in niche width and patterns of population growth. Conservation of structural and functional aspects of the ancestral niche appear to have facilitated recent habitat shifts, while demographic responses to late Pleistocene climate change provide evidence for the greater resilience of populations inhabiting the recently evolved chenopod shrubland communities. Similar responses could occur under future climate change in species exposed to novel ecological conditions, or those already occupying spatially heterogeneous landscapes. Mechanistic models that consider structural and functional aspects of the niche along with regional hydro-dynamics may be better predictors of future climate responses in Australia's arid biome than bioclimatic models alone.
Data from: Habitat preference and den characterization of Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) in a tropical lowland forested landscape of southwest Sri Lanka
The Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is under threat due to hunting for local consumption and illegal trafficking of scales and meat. The dearth of scientific studies on the ecology of the M. crassicaudata has impaired accurate assessments of its conservation needs. This study investigated the habitat preference and burrow characteristics of M. crassicaudata in a tropical lowland rainforest in southwest Sri Lanka. A total of 75 burrows (54 feeding burrows and 21 resting burrows) of M. crassicaudata in four different habitat types i.e. secondary forest, Pine-dominated forest, rubber cultivations and tea-dominated home gardens bordering forest were observed using fixed-width transects in order to characterize resting and feeding burrows of this species. The highest density of resting burrows was recorded from the secondary forest (4ha-1), followed by rubber cultivations (2.5ha-1) while no resting burrows were recorded in Pine-dominated forest and tea-dominated home gardens bordering forest. Feeding burrows were more abundant in Pine-dominated forest (5.7ha-1). The burrow depth, burrow opening height and width were significantly larger in resting burrows compared to feeding burrows. Resting burrows were located at higher elevations (75-100m) with moderately high slopes (450-600), dense canopy cover (>75%) and away from human habitation. Feeding burrows showed a greater variability in terms of associated environmental features. The study further revealed that Indian pangolins exclusively prefer habitat with rocks and boulders under which they dig resting burrows while the location of feeding burrows largely overlaps with the distribution of prey species. The resting burrow design consisted of a bending tunnel that initially slopes downward and then gradually inclines at an angle between 20 and 300, leading to the resting chamber. Our study highlights the importance of conserving fragmented secondary natural forests in changing landscapes of the southwest lowlands of Sri Lanka as these habitats appear to be critical to sustaining populations of M. crassicaudata.
FIGURE 5 in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida) from Tasmania Rainforest, and the habitat preferences of Crotoniidae
FIGURE 5. Frequency of occurrence of total mites and of Crotonioidea in terrestrial and corticolous habitats according to different sampling methods deployed during the Tasmanian Rainforest Biodiversity Survey (Coy et al. 1993). N = 224 samples. Mixed (n = 39) includes samples from Tullgren funnel extractions of moss from unspecified habitats (presumably corticolous, terricolous and saxicolous) and hand collection (from litter, under logs and stones and in low vegetation, but not differentiated). Terrestrial samples (n = 88) were collected by Tullgren funnel extraction of leaf litter and terricolous/saxicolous moss, soil cores, pitfall traps and suction sampling. Corticolous samples (n = 97) were taken by sweeping and beating, Tullgren funnel extraction of corticolous moss and pyrethrin knockdown of tree trunks.
FIGURE 4. Crotonia ovata Olszanowski, 2000, a in New species of Crotonia (Acari: Oribatida) from Tasmania Rainforest, and the habitat preferences of Crotoniidae
FIGURE 4. Crotonia ovata Olszanowski, 2000, a) male, lateral view; b) caudal region of a female specimen from Mt. Victoria showing artefactual alteration in morphology (cf. text for details).
FIGURE 9 in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURE 9. Graphic representation of the males cephalotorax length and width variations in Arauchemus gen. nov. species.
FIGURES 8A–B in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 8A–B. Seasonality based on activity abundance of Arauchemus gen. nov. species at Pró-Mata, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil from October 2000 to May 2002. Data indicated by mean values of spider catches in each day in the sample period. A,
FIGURES 7A–B in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 7A–B. Mean abundance of Arauchemus gen. nov. species at three habitat types in Araucaria Forest areas at Pró- Mata, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil, from October 2000 to May 2002. Bars represent mean values of the total catches of individuals of each area divided by 20 traps used in each habitat. A, A. graudo sp. nov.; B, A. miudo sp. nov. PRI, primary forest habitats; SEC, secondary forest habitats; PIN, Pinus silviculture habitats. Error bars representing standard errors of mean.
FIGURES 6A–H in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 6A–H. Arauchemus miudo sp. nov., male (SEM images). A. palp, ventral; B, tegulum, ventral; C, embolus, distal; D, tibial apophysis, retrolateral (arrow: triangular process); E, chelicerae, postero–ventral view (arrow: tooth at promargin; roman numbers I, II, III: indicating the three retromarginal teeth); F, abdomen, anterodorsal scutum; G, leg I trichobothrium. H, leg I tarsal organ. Abbreviations: a, median apophysis; c, conductor; e embolus; h, hematodoca; t, tegulum. Scale bars: A, B, D–F, 100 μm; C, H, 10 μm; G, 5 μm.
FIGURES 5A–H in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 5A–H. Arauchemus graudo sp. nov. (SEM images). A–C, male; D–H, female. A, leg I dorsal; B, leg I tarsal organ (arrow); C, leg I trichobothrium; D, median spinnerets; E, median spinnerets fusulas; F, palp claw (arrow); G, leg IV claws; H, leg IV preening brush. Scale bars: A, D, H, 100 μm; F, G, 50 μm, B, C, E, 10 μm.
FIGURES 3A–G in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 3A–G. Arauchemus miudo sp. nov.. A–C, male holotype; D–G, female. A. dorsal; B, leg IV prolateral (arrow: preening brush); C, palp retrolateral (arrow: triangular process); D, dorsal; E, ventral; F, epigynum ventral; G, cleared epigy-
FIGURES 4A–H in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 4A–H. Arauchemus graudo sp. nov., male (SEM images). A, palp retrolateral; B, tegulum ventral; C, embolus distal; D, palp patella retrolateral; E, palp tibia trichobothrium; F, palp tibia retrolateral apophysis; G, leg IV claws; H, leg IV preening brush. Abbreviations: a, median apophysis; c, conductor; e, embolus. Scale bars: A, 500 μm; B, D, G, H, 100 μm; F, 50 μm; C, E, 10 μm.
FIGURES 2A–G in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 2A–G. Arauchemus graudo sp. nov.. A–C, male holotype; D–G, female. A. dorsal; B, leg IV prolateral; C, palp retrolateral (arrow: basal triangular process at retrolateral tibial apophysis); D, dorsal; E, ventral; F, epigynum ventral; G, cleared epigynum, dorsal. Abbreviations: sp, spermathecae; cd, copulatory ducts.
FIGURES 1A–D. Male palp. A, B in Arauchemus, a new spider genus of the Echemus group (Araneae: Gnaphosidae: Echeminae) from Araucaria Forest areas in southern Brazil, with notes on habitat preferences and phenology
FIGURES 1A–D. Male palp. A, B, Arauchemus graudo sp. nov.; C, D, Arauchemus miudo sp. nov.; A, C, ventral; B, D, retrolateral. Scale bars 0,25 mm. Abbreviations: a, median apophysis; c, conductor; e, embolus.
FIGURE 24 in A long-lasting taxonomic problem in European Sympycnus resolved, with the description of a new species and data on habitat preferences
FIGURE 24. Sympycnus septentrionalis sp. nov., distribution map (capture locations indicated in green). Location codes refer to the type material listing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.