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356 results for “heritability”
Data from: Soil erodibility differs according to heritable trait variation and nutrient-induced plasticity in the salt marsh engineer Spartina alterniflora
Use of landform engineers for habitat restoration has often resulted in unanticipated outcomes. It is possible that departures from expectation arise because applications do not adequately account for the influence of heritable and non-heritable phenotypic variation on ecosystem attributes. In this study, we performed a common garden greenhouse experiment to determine whether soil shear strength—a characteristic linked to erosion resistance—varies according to heritable and plastic trait expression in Spartina alterniflora grown under contrasting nutrient regimes. We detected heritable variation across a broad spectrum of functional traits, including nutrient uptake. We also found that S. alterniflora exhibited trait-specific differences in nutrient-induced phenotypic plasticity. Heritable trait differences and plasticity together explained approximately 70% of the observed variation in soil shear strength. Soil shear strength increased when plants received more nutrients, but the influence of heritable variation on soil shear strength was equal to or larger than that of nutrient-induced plasticity. These findings illustrate that heritable and non-heritable trait expression can potentially govern the fate of marsh ecosystems, which suggests that consideration should be given to both factors when deploying landform engineers for coastal restoration.
Data from: Heritability, environmental effects, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of oxidative stress resistance-related enzyme activities during early life stages in Atlantic salmon
Oxidative stress (OS) may pose important physiological constraints on individuals, affecting trade-offs between growth and reproduction or ageing and survival. Despite such evolutionary and ecological importance, the results from studies on the magnitude of individual variation in OS resistance and the underlying causes of this variation such as genetic, environmental, and maternal origins, remain inconclusive. Using a high throughput methodology, we investigated the activity levels in three OS resistance-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione S-transferase, GST) during the early life stages of 1000 individuals from 50 paternal half-sib families in two populations of Atlantic salmon. Using animal mixed models, we detected the presence of narrow-sense heritability for SOD and GST; that for GST differed between populations due to differences in environmental variance. We found support for the presence of common environmental variation, including maternal effects, for only GR. Using a bivariate animal model, we detected a positive environmental correlation between activity levels of SOD and GST but were unable to detect an additive genetic correlation. Our results complement previous heritability findings for levels of reactive oxygen species or OS resistance by demonstrating the presence of heritability for OS-related enzyme activities. Our findings provide a foundation for future work, such as investigations on the evolutionary importance of variation in enzyme activities. In addition, our findings emphasise the importance of accounting for developmental stage, environmental variance, and kin relationships when investigating the OS-response at the enzyme activity level.
Data from: High heritability of telomere length and low heritability of telomere shortening in wild birds
<p>Telomere length and telomere shortening predict survival in many organisms. This raises the question of the contribution of genetic and environmental effects to variation in these traits, which is still poorly known, particularly for telomere shortening. We used experimental (cross-fostering) and statistical (quantitative genetic 'animal' models) means to disentangle and estimate genetic and environmental contributions to telomere length variation in pedigreed free-living jackdaws (<i>Corvus monedula</i>). Telomere length was measured twice in nestlings, at ages 4 (n=715) and 29 days (n=474), using TRF-analysis, adapted to exclude interstitial telomeric sequences. Telomere length shortened significantly over the nestling period (10.4±0.3 bp/day) and was highly phenotypically (<i>r<sub>P</sub></i>=0.95±0.01) and genetically (<i>r<sub>G</sub></i>>0.99±0.01) correlated within individuals. Additive genetic effects explained a major part of telomere length variation among individuals, with its heritability estimated at <i>h<sup>2</sup></i>=0.74 on average. We note that TRF-based studies reported higher heritabilities than qPCR-based studies, and we discuss possible explanations. Parent-offspring regressions yielded similar heritability estimates for mothers and fathers when accounting for changes in paternal telomere length over life. Year effects explained a small but significant part of telomere length variation. Heritable variation for telomere shortening was low (<i>h<sup>2</sup></i>=0.09±0.11). The difference in heritability between telomere length (high) and telomere shortening (low) agrees with evolutionary theory, in that telomere shortening has stronger fitness consequences in this population. Despite the high heritability of telomere length, its evolvability, which scales the additive genetic variance by mean telomere length, was on average 0.48%. Hence evolutionary change of telomere length due to selection is likely to be slow.</p>
Pedigree and phenotypic variables used for estimation of heritability of sand lizard badge size and condition
<p><span>Sexual selection on fitness-determining traits should theoretically erode genetic variance and lead to low heritability. However, many sexually selected traits maintain significant phenotypic and additive genetic variance, with explanations for this "lek paradox" including genic capture due to condition-dependence, and breaks on directional selection due to environmental sources of variance including maternal effects. Here we investigate genetic and environmental sources of variance in the intrasexually selected green badge of the sand lizard (<em>Lacerta agilis</em>). The badge functions as a cue to male fighting ability in this species, and male-male interactions determine mate acquisition. Using animal models on a pedigree including three generations of males measured over an extensive nine year field study, we partition phenotypic variance in both badge size and body condition into additive genetic, maternal, and permanent environmental effects experienced by an individual over its lifespan. Heritability of badge size was 0.33 with a significant estimate of underlying additive genetic variance. Body condition was strongly environmentally determined in this species and does not show either significant additive genetic variance or heritability. Neither badge size nor body condition were responsive to maternal effects. We propose that the lack of additive genetic variance and heritability of body condition makes it unlikely that genic capture mechanisms maintains additive genetic variance for badge size. That said, genic capture was originally proposed for male traits under female choice, not agonistic selection. If developmental pathways generating variance in body condition, and/or the covarying secondary sex trait, differ between inter- and intrasexual selection, or the rate at which their additive genetic variance or covariance is depleted, future work may show whether genic capture is largely restricted to intersexual selection processes.</span></p>
Supplemental Data for Blood Pressure Heritability Study by Lee et al.
<ul> <li> <p><strong>Data S1</strong>: Lists of top 5,000, 6,000, 7,000, 8,000, 9,000, and 10,000 expressed genes for the four BP relevant tissues and their coordinates (hg19).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Data S2</strong>: MACS2 peak files in the narrowPeak format for all tissues. The coordinates are in GRCh38.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Data S3</strong>: S-LDSC result files for analyses.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Data S4</strong>: gkmQC results for all chromatin accessibility peak sets, including both BP relevant and BP irrelevant tissues.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Data S5</strong>: Training regions (positive and negative sets) of gkm-SVM, final trained models, deltaSVM positive variants, and motif enrichment analysis results for the BP relevant tissues.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Data S6:</strong> The list of genes predicted to exert BP relevant function in a specific tissue.</p> </li> </ul>
Repeated Dose Study for the Investigation of Heritability of and Genetic Influences on Drug Pharmacokinetics
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01845194. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Heritability of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Role of Antimullerian Hormone, Steroids and Leptin
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03483792. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Circadian System Heritability Assessed in Free Living Conditions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03059576. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Studies of Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00270686. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Repeatability and heritability of social reaction norms in a wild agamid lizard
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Data from: Blood mercury levels of zebra finches are heritable: implications for the evolution of mercury resistance
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Data from: Expression of multiple sexual signals by fathers and sons in the East-Mediterranean barn swallow: Are advertising strategies heritable?
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Data from: Cytochrome P450 gene Cyp337 and heritability of fitness traits in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
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Data from: Heritability of body size in the polar bears of Western Hudson Bay
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Data from: Macroevolutionary persistence of heritable endosymbionts: acquisition, retention, and expression of adaptive phenotypes in Spiroplasma
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Data from: Environmental coupling of heritability and selection is rare and of minor evolutionary significance in wild populations
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Data from: Heritability of flight and resting metabolic rates in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
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Data from: Consistent cooperation in a cichlid fish is caused by maternal and developmental effects rather than heritable genetic variation
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Data from: Crossing phenotype heritability and candidate gene expression in grafted black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, an animal chimera
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Data from: It takes two: heritable male effects on reproductive timing but not clutch size in a wild bird population
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.