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Species differences in reproductive timing and egg load in two fly species adapted to different host plants
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FIGURE 3 in The genus Obrium Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae Obriini) in Argentina: new species, distributions and host plant
FIGURE 3. Geographic distributions of the species of Obrium in Argentina: O. bifasciatum (white squares); O. cicatricosum (white circles); O. mimicum sp. n. (black star); O. trilobatum sp. n. (black triangles); O. trifasciatum (black circles).
FIGURE 4 in The genus Obrium Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae Obriini) in Argentina: new species, distributions and host plant
FIGURE 4. Geographic distributions of the species of Obrium in Argentina: O. multifarium (black squares); O. vicinum (white circles).
FIGURE 1 in The genus Obrium Dejean, 1821 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae Obriini) in Argentina: new species, distributions and host plant
FIGURE 1. General aspect of the species of Obrium in Argentina: a. Obrium bifasciatum; b. Obrium cicatricosum; c. Obrium mimicum sp. n. Scale bar = 5mm.
FIGURES 22–34 in Portanini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): morphology of female terminalia, first record of host plants, a new species of Portanus from Brazil, and taxonomic notes
FIGURES 22–34. Portanus restingalis Felix & Mejdalani, 2016. Female: 22, dorsal habitus; 23, sternite VII, ventral view; 24, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25, valvula I, lateral view; 26, apical portion of valvula I; 27, dorsal sculptured area on median portion of valvula I; 28, valvula II, lateral view; 29, apical portion of valvula II; 30, teeth on dorsal median portion of valvula II (the dorsal sculptured area of valvula I is shown on lower portion of the image); 31, gonoplac, lateral view; 32, head and anterior thorax, anterior view; 33, lateral habitus; 34, ventral habitus. Scale bars: 22, 32–34 = 1 mm; 23–26, 28–29, 31 = 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 11–21 in Portanini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): morphology of female terminalia, first record of host plants, a new species of Portanus from Brazil, and taxonomic notes
FIGURES 11–21. Portanus adenomari sp. nov. Female paratype: 11, sternite VII, ventral view; 12, pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 13, valvula I, lateral view; 14, apical portion of valvula I; 15, valvula II, lateral view; 16, apical portion of valvula II; 17, gonoplac, lateral view; 18, dorsal habitus; 19, ventral habitus; 20, lateral habitus; 21 head and anterior thorax, anterior view. Scale bars: 11–17 = 0.2 mm; 18–21 = 1 mm.
FIGURES 37 in New species of Bertawolia Blocker and Momoria Blocker (Cicadellidae: Iassinae Hyalojassini) from Brazil, including notes about host plants
FIGURES 37─48. Momoria albohabena sp. nov., male holotype. 37, Habitus, dorsal view. 38, Habitus, lateral view. 39, Head, ventral view: 40, Esternite VIII, ventral view. 41, Pygofer, valve, anal tube and subgenital plate, lateral view. 42, Pygofer, valve, anal tube and left subgenital plate, ventral view. 43, Subgenital plate, ventral view. 44, Connective, posterior view. 45, Style and connective, lateral view. 46, Style and connective, dorsal view. 47, Aedeagus, lateral view. 48, Aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.
FIGURES 29 in New species of Bertawolia Blocker and Momoria Blocker (Cicadellidae: Iassinae Hyalojassini) from Brazil, including notes about host plants
FIGURES 29─36. Bertawolia lata sp. nov., female paratype. 29, Distal portion of abdomen, ventral view. 30, Distal portion of abdomen, lateral view. 31, First valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. 32, Apical portion of first valvula. 33, Second valvula, lateral view. 34, Apical portion of second valvula. 35, Second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. 36, Subapical portion of gonoplac. Scale bars in mm.
Data from: Contrasting effects of host identity, plant community, and local species pool on the composition and colonisation levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate grassland
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important plant symbionts, but we know little about the effects of plant taxonomic identity or functional group on the AMF community composition. To examine effects of the surrounding plant community, of host, and of the AMF pool on the AMF community in plant roots, we manipulated plant community composition in a long-term field experiment. Within four types of manipulated grassland plots, seedlings of eight grassland plant species were planted for 12 weeks, and AMF in their roots were quantified. Additionally, we characterised the AMF community of individual plots (as their AMF pool) and quantified plot abiotic conditions. The largest determinant of AMF community composition was the pool of available AMF, varying at metre scale due to changing soil conditions. The second strongest predictor was the host functional group. The differences between grasses and dicotyledonous forbs in AMF community variation and diversity were much larger than the differences among species within those groups. High cover of forbs in the surrounding plant community had a strong positive effect on AMF colonisation intensity in grass hosts. Using a manipulative field experiment enabled us to demonstrate direct causal effects of plant host and surrounding vegetation.
FIGURES 1–6 in Thysanoptera host-plant associations, with an account of species living on Tamarix, and a new species of Lissothrips (Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Lissothrips hemingi sp.n.: (1) Adult (female); (2) Adult (male); (3) Head and pronotum; (4) Meso, metanotum and pelta (female); (5) Meso and metanotum (male); (6) Antenna.
FIGURES 7–10 in Thysanoptera host-plant associations, with an account of species living on Tamarix, and a new species of Lissothrips (Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 7–10. Lissothrips hemingi sp.n.: (7) Abdominal tergites IV-VII (male); (8) Prostenum; (9) Head and fore leg (female); (10) Abdominal tergites IX and tube (female).
Data from: Bottom-up effects of host-plant species diversity and top-down effects of ants interactively increase plant performance
While plant diversity is well known to increase primary productivity, whether these bottom-up effects are enhanced by reciprocal top-down effects from the third trophic level is unknown. We studied whether pine tree species diversity, aphid-tending ants and their interaction determined plant performance and arthropod community structure. Plant diversity had a positive effect on aphids, but only in the presence of mutualistic ants, leading to threefold greater number of both groups in the tri-specific cultures than in monocultures. Plant diversity increased ant abundance not only by increasing aphid number, but also by increasing ant recruitment per aphid. The positive effect of diversity on ants in turn cascaded down to increase plant performance; diversity increased plant growth (but not biomass), and this effect was stronger in the presence of ants. Consequently, bottom-up effects of diversity within the same genus and guild of plants and top-down effects from the third trophic level (predatory ants) interactively increased plant performance.
Congruent population genetic structures and divergence histories in anther-smut fungi and their host plants Silene italica and the S. nutans species complex
The study of population genetic structure congruence between hosts and pathogens gives important insights into their shared phylogeographic and coevolutionary histories. We studied the population genetic structure of castrating anther-smut fungi (<i>Microbotryum</i> genus) and of their host plants, the <i>Silene nutans</i> species complex, and the morphologically and genetically close <i>S. italica</i>, which can be found in sympatry. Phylogeographic population genetic structure related to persistence in separate glacial refugia has been recently revealed in the <i>S. nutans</i> plant species complex across Western Europe, identifying several distinct lineages. We genotyped 171 associated plant-pathogen pairs of anther-smut fungi and their host plant individuals using microsatellite markers and plant chloroplastic SNPs. We found clear differentiation between fungal populations parasitizing <i>S. nutans</i> and <i>S. italica</i> plants. The population genetic structure of fungal strains parasitizing the <i>S. nutans</i> plant species complex mirrored the host plant genetic structure, suggesting that the pathogen was isolated in glacial refugia together with its host and/or that it has specialized on the plant genetic lineages. Using random forest approximate Bayesian computation (ABC-RF), we found that the divergence history of the fungal lineages on <i>S. nutans</i> was congruent with the one previously inferred for the host plant and likely occurred with ancient but no recent gene flow. Genome sequences confirmed the genetic structure and the absence of recent gene flow between fungal genetic lineages. Our analyses of host-pathogen individual pairs contribute to a better understanding of co-evolutionary histories between hosts and pathogens in natural ecosystems, in which such studies are still scarce.
Data from: Allopatric origin of cryptic butterfly species that were discovered feeding on distinct host plants in sympatry
Surveys of tropical insects are increasingly uncovering cryptic species - morphologically similar yet reproductively isolated taxa once thought to comprise a single interbreeding entity. The vast majority of such species are described from a single location. This leaves us with little information on geographic range and intraspecific variation and limits our ability to infer the forces responsible for generating such diversity. For example, in herbivorous and parasitic insects, multiple specialists are often discovered within what were thought to be single more generalized species. Host shifts are likely to have contributed to speciation in these cases. But when and where did those shifts occur, and were they facilitated by geographic isolation? We attempted to answer these questions for two cryptic species within the butterfly Cymothoe egesta that were recently discovered on different host plants in central Cameroon. We first used mtDNA markers to separate individuals collected on the two hosts within Cameroon and then extended our analysis to incorporate individuals collected across the entire pan-Afrotropical range of the original taxon. To our surprise, we found that the species are almost entirely allopatric, dividing the original range and overlapping only in the narrow zone of West-Central Africa where they were first discovered in sympatry. This finding, combined with analyses of genetic variation within each butterfly species, strongly suggests that speciation occurred in allopatry, probably during the Pleistocene. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding speciation among other cryptic species recently discovered in the tropics and argue that more work is needed on geographic patterns and host usage in such taxa.
FIGURES 47–54. Sennius leucostauros. 47 in Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations
FIGURES 47–54. Sennius leucostauros. 47, dorsal view; 48, lateral view; 49, head, frontal view; 50, pygidium; 51, part of hind leg, internal view; 52, hind tibia, external view; 53, 54 male genitalia: 53, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 54, tegmen.
FIGURES 9–12. Sennius bondari. 9 in Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations
FIGURES 9–12. Sennius bondari. 9, dorsal view; 10, pygidium; 11, 12 male genitalia: 11, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified of internal sac; 12, tegmen.
FIGURES 13–20. Sennius durangensis. 13 in Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations
FIGURES 13–20. Sennius durangensis. 13, dorsal view; 14, lateral view; 15, head, frontal view; 16, pygidium; 17, part of hind leg, internal view; 18, hind tibia, external view; 19,20 male genitalia: 19, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 20, tegmen.
FIGURES 83–91. Sennius transversesignatus. 83 in Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations
FIGURES 83–91. Sennius transversesignatus. 83, dorsal view; 84, lateral view; 85, head, frontal view; 86, pygidium; 87, base of elytra strial; 88, part of hind leg, internal view; 89, hind tibia, external view; 90, 91 male genitalia: 90, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 91, tegmen.
FIGURES 75–82. Sennius rufomaculatus. 75 in Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations
FIGURES 75–82. Sennius rufomaculatus. 75, dorsal view; 76, lateral view; 77, head, frontal view; 78, pygidium; 79, part of hind leg, internal view; 80, hind tibia, external view; 81, 82 male genitalia: 81, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 82, tegmen.
FIGURES 38–46. Sennius lebasi. 38 in Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations
FIGURES 38–46. Sennius lebasi. 38, dorsal view; 39, lateral view; 40, head, frontal view; 41, pygidium; 42, base of elytra strial; 43, part of hind leg, internal view; 44, hind tibia, external view; 45, 46 male genitalia: 45, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 46, tegmen.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.