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CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Terra Edition4A
CER_SSF1deg-Month_Terra-MODIS_Edition4A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Time-Interpolated Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Terra Edition4A data product, which was collected using the CERES Flight Model 1 (FM1), FM2, and MODIS instruments on the Terra platform. Data collection for this product is in progress.CERES Single Scanner Footprint One Degree (SSF1deg) Day provides daily averages of regional constant meteorology temporally interpolated TOA fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager, and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) wavelength bands. The incoming solar daily irradiance is from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa, - 500 hPa, 500 hPa, - 300 hPa, 300 hPa - 100 hPa) and a total of all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
CERES ERBE-like Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes Terra Crosstrack Edition4
CER_ES4_Terra-Xtrk_Edition4 is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)-like Time-Interpolated Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes Terra Cross-track Edition 4 data product, which was collected using the CERES-Flight Model (FM1) and FM2 instruments on the Terra platform. Data collection for this product is complete.The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time-averaged CERES data for a single satellite using measurements from the primary cross-track instrument. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the TOA from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is "like" the algorithm used for ERBE.CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions are a follow-on to the successful ERBE mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
Multi-Mission Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Salinity Global Monthly Dataset V2
This is a level 4 product on a 0.25-degree spatial and monthly temporal grid. The product is the monthly mean of the level 4 OISSS dataset using three satellite missions: the Aquarius/SAC-D, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) using Optimal Interpolation (OI) with a 7-day decorrelation time scale. This dataset is produced by the Earth and Space Research (ESR), Seattle, WA and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa in collaboration with the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), Santa Rosa, California. More details can be found in the users guide.
CERES ERBE-like Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes (ES4) NPP FM-5 Edition2
The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time-averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single satellite using measurements from the primary cross-track instrument. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is "like" the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE).CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument (PFM) was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the EOS flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES instrument (FM5) was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The last CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite on November 18, 2017.
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Aqua Edition4A
CER_SSF1deg-Month_Aqua-MODIS_Edition4A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Time-Interpolated Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Aqua Edition4A data product, which was collected using the CERES Flight Model 3 (FM3) and FM4 instruments on the Aqua platform. Data collection for this product is in progress.CERES Single Scanner Footprint One Degree (SSF1deg) Day provides daily averages of regional constant meteorology temporally interpolated TOA fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager, and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) wavelength bands. The incoming solar daily irradiance is from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa, - 500 hPa, 500 hPa, - 300 hPa, 300 hPa, - 100 hPa) and a total of all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
Multi-Mission Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Salinity Global Dataset V1
This is a level 4 product on a 0.25-degree spatial and 4-day temporal grid. The product is derived from the level 2 swath data of three satellite missions: the Aquarius/SAC-D, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) using Optimal Interpolation (OI) with a 7-day decorrelation time scale. The product offers a continuous record from August 28, 2011 to present by concatenating the measurements from Aquarius (September 2011 - June 2015) and SMAP (April 2015 present). ESAs SMOS data was used to fill the gap in SMAP data between June and July 2019, when the SMAP satellite was in a safe mode. The two-month overlap (April - June 2015) between Aquarius and SMAP was used to ensure consistency and continuity in data record. The product covers the global ocean, including the Arctic and Antarctic in the areas free of sea ice, but does not cover internal seas such as Mediterranean and Baltic Sea. In-situ salinity from Argo floats and moored buoys are used to derive a large-scale bias correction and to ensure consistency and accuracy of the OISSS dataset. This dataset is produced by the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa in collaboration with the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), Santa Rosa, California. More details can be found in the users guide.
OCO-2 Level 2 meteorological parameters interpolated from global assimilation model for each sounding, Retrospective Processing V10r (OCO2_L2_Met) at GES DISC
Version 10r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 10r.In early 2021, the OCO Team identified an issue with OCO-2 level 2 products processed since January 28, 2020. The Ancillary Geometric Product (AGAP) file, a static file used in OCO-2 Geolocation processing, was inadvertently replaced with an obsolete version. This AGAP file included a ~300 m pointing error. As a result, all OCO-2 Level 2, version 10r, data files for the period January 28 - December 31, 2020, were corrected and replaced. The replacement process was completed by the end of June, 2021. The significance of this error has been described in Kiel et al. (2019; doi:10.5194/amt-12-2241-2019).The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. This collection encompass meteorological parameters interpolated from global assimilation model for each sounding.
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Terra Edition4A
CER_SSF1deg-Day_Terra-MODIS_Edition4A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Time-Interpolated Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Terra Edition 4A data product, which was collected using the CERES-Flight Model (FM1) and FM2 instruments on the Terra platform. Data collection for this product is in progress.CERES Single Scanner Footprint one degree (SSF1deg) Day provides daily averages of regional constant meteorology temporally interpolated TOA fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager, and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) wavelength bands. The incoming solar daily irradiance is from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa - 500 hPa, 500 hPa - 300 hPa, 300 hPa - 100 hPa) and a total of all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Turbulent Fluxes, 1x1 deg Monthly Grid, Set1 and Interpolated Data V2c (GSSTFM) at GES DISC
These data are the Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes Version-2c Dataset recently produced through a MEaSUREs funded project led by Dr. Chung-Lin Shie (UMBC/GEST, NASA/GSFC), converted to HDF-EOS5 format. The stewardship of this HDF-EOS5 dataset is part of the MEaSUREs project. GSSTF version 2b (Shie et al. 2010, Shie et al. 2009) generally agreed better with available ship measurements obtained from several field experiments in 1999 than GSSTF2 (Chou et al. 2003) did in all three flux components, i.e., latent heat flux [LHF], sensible heat flux [SHF], and wind stress [WST] (Shie 2010a,b). GSSTF2b was also found favorable, particularly for LHF and SHF, in an intercomparison study that accessed eleven products of ocean surface turbulent fluxes, in which GSSTF2 and GSSTF2b were also included (Brunke et al. 2011). However, a temporal trend appeared in the globally averaged LHF of GSSTF2b, particularly post year 2000. Shie (2010a,b) attributed the LHF trend to the trends originally found in the globally averaged SSM/I Tb's, i.e., Tb(19v), Tb(19h), Tb(22v) and Tb(37v), which were used to retrieve the GSSTF2b bottom-layer (the lowest atmospheric 500 meter layer) precipitable water [WB], then the surface specific humidity [Qa], and subsequently LHF. The SSM/I Tb's trends were recently found mainly due to the variations/trends of Earth incidence angle (EIA) in the SSM/I satellites (Hilburn and Shie 2011a,b). They have further developed an algorithm properly resolving the EIA problem and successfully reproducing the corrected Tb's by genuinely removing the "artifactitious" trends. An upgraded production of GSSTF2c (Shie et al. 2011) using the corrected Tb's has been completed very recently. GSSTF2c shows a significant improvement in the resultant WB, and subsequently the retrieved LHF - the temporal trends of WB and LHF are greatly reduced after the proper adjustments/treatments in the SSM/I Tb's (Shie and Hilburn 2011). In closing, we believe that the insightful "Rice Cooker Theory" by Shie (2010a,b), i.e., "To produce a good and trustworthy 'output product' (delicious 'cooked rice') depends not only on a well-functioned 'model/algorithm' ('rice cooker'), but also on a genuine and reliable 'input data' ('raw rice') with good quality" should help us better comprehend the impact of the improved Tb on the subsequently retrieved LHF of GSSTF2c. This is the Monthly product; data are projected to equidistant Grid that covers the globe at 1x1 degree cell size, resulting in data arrays of 360x180 size. The monthly product is a result of averaging of a month worth of daily GSSTF2c files. Starting with Version 2c, there is only one set of Combined data, "Set1". A finer resolution, 0.25 deg, of this product has been released as Version 3. The monthly temporal and one-degree spatial resolution of the product can be used to examining climate variability at these scales. Oceanic evaporation contributes to the net fresh water input to the oceans and drives the upper ocean density structure and consequently the circulation of the oceans. The short name for this product is GSSTFM.
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily NOAA-20 Edition1C
CER_SSF1deg-Day_NOAA20-VIIRS_Edition1C is the NOAA-20 Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Level 3 Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) Edition1C Top of Atmosphere (ToA) flux data product. The SSF One Degree (SSF1deg) Day provides daily averages on a 1-degree latitude and longitude global grid from the NOAA-20 CERES Flight Model 6 (FM-6) data. The last CERES instrument, FM-6, was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now known as NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017. The data product begins May 1, 2018. The product is distributed in monthly Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) 4 files. The file contains the daily mean for each day of the month and provides global coverage over a day.The SSF1deg-Day granule contains daily averages of regional CERES FM6 Earth-viewing Top of Atmosphere (ToA) shortwave and longwave fluxes. The fluxes are converted from the unfiltered CERES radiances at the footprint level using the co-located Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) imager-defined scene. The footprint fluxes are gridded at hourly periods and then temporally interpolated assuming constant meteorology between measurements. The ToA fluxes are provided for both clear-sky and total sky conditions. The incoming daily solar irradiance is from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The VIIRS radiances are used with CERES-specific cloud mask and cloud property retrievals and are stratified into four atmospheric layers: surface to 700 mb, 700 mb to 500 mb, 500 to 300 mb, and above 300 mb along with the total. Each cloud layer has properties such as amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, phase, water path, and water particle size. The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods.This product uses the instantaneous gridded product, CER_SSF1deg-Hour_NOAA20-VIIRS_Edition1C, as input.
OCO-2 Level 2 meteorological parameters interpolated from global assimilation model for each sounding Retrospective Processing V11.2r (OCO2_L2_Met) at GES DISC
Version 11.2r is the current version of the data set. Older versions will no longer be available and are superseded by Version 11.2r.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 micrometers. This collection encompass meteorological parameters interpolated from global assimilation model for each sounding.
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Aqua Edition4A
CER_SSF1deg-Day_Aqua-MODIS_Edition4A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Time-Interpolated Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Aqua Edition4A data product, which was collected using the CERES-Flight Model 3 (FM3) and FM4 instruments on the Aqua platform. Data collection for this product is in progress.CERES Single Scanner Footprint one degree (SSF1deg) Day provides daily averages of regional constant meteorology temporally interpolated TOA fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager, and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) wavelength bands. The incoming solar daily irradiance is from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa - 500 hPa, 500 hPa - 300 hPa, 300 hPa - 100 hPa) and all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
CERES ERBE-like Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes Terra and Aqua Crosstrack Edition4
CER_ES4_Terra+Aqua_Edition4 is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)-like Time-Interpolated Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes Terra and Aqua Cross-track Edition4 data product. Data for this product is collected by Flight Model 1 (FM1) and FM2 on Terra and FM3 and FM4 on Aqua. Data collection for this product is ongoing.The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time-averaged CERES data for both the Terra and Aqua satellites using measurements from the primary cross-track instrument on each platform. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes at the TOA from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is "like" the algorithm used for ERBE.CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions are a follow-on to the successful ERBE mission. The first CERES instrument, the proto flight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched onboard Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched onboard the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
Multi-Mission Optimally Interpolated Sea Surface Salinity Global Dataset V2
This is a level 4 product on a 0.25-degree spatial and 4-day temporal grid. The product is derived from the level 2 swath data of three satellite missions: the Aquarius/SAC-D, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) using Optimal Interpolation (OI) with a 7-day decorrelation time scale. The product offers a continuous record from August 28, 2011 to present by concatenating the measurements from Aquarius (September 2011 - June 2015) and SMAP (April 2015 present). ESAs SMOS data was used to fill the gap in SMAP data between June and July 2019, when the SMAP satellite was in a safe mode. The two-month overlap (April - June 2015) between Aquarius and SMAP was used to ensure consistency and continuity in data record. The product covers the global ocean, including the Arctic and Antarctic in the areas free of sea ice, but does not cover internal seas such as Mediterranean and Baltic Sea. In-situ salinity from Argo floats and moored buoys are used to derive a large-scale bias correction and to ensure consistency and accuracy of the OISSS dataset. This dataset is produced by the Earth and Space Research (ESR), Seattle, WA and the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa in collaboration with the Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), Santa Rosa, California. More details can be found in the users guide.
CERES ERBE-like Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes Aqua Crosstrack Edition4
CER_ES4_Aqua-Xtrk_Edition4 is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)-like Time-Interpolated Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes Aqua Crosstrack Edition4 data product, which was collected using the CERES-FM3 and CERES-FM4 instruments on the Aqua platform. Data collection for this product is complete.The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged CERES data for a single satellite using measurements from the primary crosstrack instrument. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the TOA from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is "like" the algorithm used for ERBE.CERES is a key component of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions are a follow-on to the successful ERBE mission. The first CERES instrument, protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997 as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly NOAA-20 Edition1C
CER_SSF1deg-Month_NOAA20-VIIRS_Edition1C is the NOAA-20 Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Level 3 Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) Edition1C Top of Atmosphere (ToA) flux data product. The SSF One Degree (SSF1deg) Month provides monthly averages on a 1-degree latitude and longitude global grid from the NOAA-20 CERES Flight Model 6 (FM6) data. The last CERES instrument, FM-6, was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now known as NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017. The data product begins May 1, 2018. The product is distributed in monthly Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) 4 files. The file contains the monthly mean and provides global coverage.The SSF1deg-Month granule contains the monthly averages of regional CERES FM6 Earth viewing Top of Atmosphere (ToA) shortwave and longwave fluxes. The fluxes are converted from the unfiltered CERES radiances at the footprint level using the co-located Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) imager-defined scene. The footprint fluxes are gridded at hourly periods and then temporally interpolated assuming constant meteorology between measurements. The ToA fluxes are provided for both clear-sky and total sky conditions. The incoming daily solar irradiance is from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The VIIRS radiances are used with CERES-specific cloud mask and cloud property retrievals and are stratified into four atmospheric layers: surface to 700 mb, 700 mb to 500 mb, 500 to 300 mb, and above 300 mb along with the total. Each cloud layer has properties such as amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, phase, water path, and water particle size. The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods.This product uses the instantaneous gridded product, CER_SSF1deg-Hour_NOAA20-VIIRS_Edition1C, as input.
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily NPP Edition2A
CER_SSF1deg-Day_NPP-VIIRS_Edition2A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Time-Interpolated Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily SUOMI National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Edition 2A data product, which was collected using the CERES-Flight Model 5 (FM5) and Visible-Infrared Imager-Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments on the Suomi NPP platform. Data collection for this product is ongoing.The CERES Single Scanner Footprint One Degree (SSF1deg) Daily product provides daily averages of regional constant meteorology temporally interpolated CERES TOA fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager, and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) wavelength bands. The incoming solar daily irradiance is from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE), Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa, - 500 hPa, 500 hPa, - 300 hPa, 300 hPa, - 100 hPa) and a total of all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions are a follow-on to the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi NPP satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
Between the Frames - Evaluation of Various Motion Interpolation Algorithms to Improve 360° Video Quality
<p>With the increasing availability of 360° video content, it becomes important to provide smoothly playing videos of<br> high quality for end users. For this reason, we compare the influence of different Motion Interpolation (MI) algorithms on 360°<br> video quality. After conducting a pre-test with 12 video experts in [3], we found that MI is a useful tool to increase the QoE (Quality<br> of Experience) of omnidirectional videos. As a result of the pretest, we selected three suitable MI algorithms, namely ffmpeg<br> Motion Compensated Interpolation (MCI), Butterflow and Super- SloMo. Subsequently, we interpolated 15 entertaining and realworld<br> omnidirectional videos with a duration of 20 seconds from 30 fps (original framerate) to 90 fps, which is the native refresh<br> rate of the HMD used, the HTC Vive Pro. To assess QoE, we conducted two subjective tests with 24 and 27 participants. In<br> the first test we used a Modified Paired Comparison (M-PC) method, and in the second test the Absolute Category Rating<br> (ACR) approach. In the M-PC test, 45 stimuli were used and in the ACR test 60. Results show that for most of the 360° videos, the<br> interpolated versions obtained significantly higher quality scores than the lower-framerate source videos, validating our hypothesis<br> that motion interpolation can improve the overall video quality for 360° video. As expected, it was observed that the relative<br> comparisons in the M-PC test result in larger differences in terms of quality. Generally, the ACR method lead to similar results,<br> while reflecting a more realistic viewing situation. In addition, we compared the different MI algorithms and can conclude that<br> with sufficient available computing power Super-SloMo should be preferred for interpolation of omnidirectional videos, while<br> MCI also shows a good performance.</p>
Scripts and data for freshwater calcium concentration and pH interpolations covering Canada and the USA
<p>Initial release of scripts and data for associated publications</p>
EXPLICIT MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTERPOLATION AND ITS ERROR
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