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518 results for “life history traits”
Overwintering strategies and life-history traits of different populations of Aphidius platensis along a latitudinal gradient in Chile
<p>The onset of an overwintering strategy to overcome cold temperatures of a species of ectotherms can include<br> remaining active or entering diapause. This in turn will depend on the relative costs of each strategy and therefore, could differ among populations along a latitudinal gradient. Thus, expecting higher levels of diapause in the coldest conditions and a higher incidence of individuals remaining active in the warmest conditions. We assessed the insect responses to photoperiod and temperature, in five Chilean populations of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius platensis. We analysed the variation in winter temperature along the latitudinal gradient and, under controlled conditions, examining the potential effects of three constant conditions of photoperiod/temperature: 8:16LD (Light: Dark, hours) at 10°C, 10:14LD at 14°C, and 16:8LD at 20°C, on diapause levels. Finally, we measured cold tolerance (CTMin), developmental time, fresh body mass and size, fat and water content, and egg load for the emerging parasitoids. Our results showed no clear latitudinal gradient in temperature but differences among sites were clear. None of the five populations of A. platensis expressed diapause at any tested condition, suggesting that the environmental thresholds for diapause induction are perhaps not reached in this species under the studied latitudes. Insects from the coldest point in the gradient (Pinto) showed the lowest CTMin suggesting local adaptation. Moreover, physiological and life-history traits seem to adjust rapidly through developmental thermal acclimation, showing that plasticity is involved in the parasitoid’s responses to the temperature differences found among localities. Consequently, both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity contribute to this species remaining active during the whole<br> winter, being an effective strategy to diapause in relatively mild and stable thermal environments.</p>
Host influence on life history traits of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann in an arid region of Argentina
<pre>Data set of life history traits of Ceratitis capitata recovered from peaches, plums, and figs grown under climatic conditions of an irrigated oasis in San Juan, Argentina.</pre>
Ecological and life-history traits predict temporal trends in biomass of boreal moths
<p> Dramatic insect declines, and their consequences for ecosystems globally, have received considerable attention recently. Yet, it is still poorly known if ecological and life-history traits can explain declines and whether insect decline occurs also at high latitudes. Insects' diversity and abundance are dramatically lower at high latitudes compared to the tropics, and insects might benefit from climate warming in high-latitude environments. </p> <p>We adopted a trait- and biomass-based approach to estimate temporal change between 1993 and 2019 in Finnish macro-moth communities by using data from 85 long-running light traps. We analysed spatio-temporal variation in biomass of moth functional groups with Joint Dynamic Species Distribution Models while accounting for environmental variables. </p> <p>We did not detect any declining trends in total moth biomass of moth functional groups, and most groups were stable over time. Moreover, biomass increased for species using coniferous trees, lichens, or mushrooms as hosts, multivoltine species, as well as monophagous and oligophagous species feeding on trees. We found that length and temperature of the growing season, winter climatic conditions, and habitat structure all partially explained variation in moth biomass.</p> <p>Although boreal moth communities are rapidly changing due to species turnover, in terms of total biomass they seem to contradict the trend of dramatic insect declines observed globally. This may lessen the immediate possibility of negative bottom-up trophic cascades in boreal food webs.</p>
Reproductive phenology is a repeatable, heritable trait linked to the timing of other life history events in a migratory marine predator
<p>Population-level shifts in reproductive phenology in response to environmental change are common, but whether individual-level responses are modified by demographic and genetic factors remains less well understood. We used mixed models to quantify how reproductive timing varied across 1,755 female southern elephant seals (<em>Mirounga</em> <em>leonina</em>) breeding at Marion Island in the Southern Ocean (1989–2019) and to identify the factors that correlate with phenological shifts within- and between individuals. We found strong support for covariation in the timing of breeding arrival dates and the timing of the preceding moult. Breeding arrival dates were more repeatable at the individual-level, as compared to the population-level, even after accounting for individual traits (wean date as a pup, age and breeding experience) associated with phenological variability. Mother-daughter similarities in breeding phenology were also evident, indicating that additive genetic effects may contribute to between-individual variation in breeding phenology. Over 30 years, elephant seal phenology did not change towards earlier or later dates, and we found no correlation between annual fluctuations in phenology and indices of environmental variation. Our results show how maternal genetic (or non-genetic) effects, individual traits and linkages between cyclical life-history events can drive within- and between-individual variation in reproductive phenology.</p>
Voltinism and life-history traits of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on corn
<p>Voltinism and life-history traits of the invasive fall armyworm (FAW) <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> were investigated under semi-natural conditions for a period of two years. The FAW invaded the corn field in the suburbs of Nanchang (28° 46′ N, 115° 50′ E) in early summer and produced six complete generations. The FAW had the characteristics of short developmental time, high survival rates and strong fecundity. The development time of female pupae was significantly faster than that of male pupae, resulting in the emergence of female pupae earlier than male pupae. Except for the sixth generation in 2021, there was no significant difference between female and male sex ratio, which was close to 1:1. The FAW showed male-bias sexual size dimorphism with male pupae being significantly larger than female pupae. Unlike pupal weight, in most generations, male adult weighed significantly less than females, because the weight loss of male pupae during metamorphosis was significantly greater than that of female pupae. The seasonal variation of pupal weight did not conform to the temperature–size rule. Compared with 22.8 °C, the 29.2 °C high temperature not only significantly reduced the development time of larvae but also significantly increased pupal weight. The adult fecundity feeding on fresh corn leaves was higher than that feeding on live corn plants in most generations. In most generations, pupal weight was positively correlated with larval development time and adult weight was positively correlated with fecundity. These results add to the understanding of the evolution of life-history traits in the FAW and may have important implications for predicting population dynamics of the FAW and optimizing control strategies.</p>
Data from: Fast life history traits promote invasion success in amphibians and reptiles
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Selfing rate variation within species is unrelated to life-history traits or geographic range position
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Data and code from: Life-history traits predict ability of British wild bees to fill their climate envelopes
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Combining local ecological knowledge with camera traps to assess the link between African mammal life history traits and their occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes
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Reproductive phenology is a repeatable, heritable trait linked to the timing of other life history events in a migratory marine predator
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Ecological and life-history traits predict temporal trends in biomass of boreal moths
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Data from: Context-dependent effects of developmental and adult diet on life-history traits in Drosophila melanogaster
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A family history: Effects of parental age on offspring life-history traits in bighorn sheep
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Life history traits and survival rate in <em>Neolamprologus buescheri</em>
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Life history traits and abundance of Northeast Atlantic fish
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Variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations are not related to their genotypic and ecological diversity
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Experimental sexual selection affects the evolution of physiological and life history traits
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Diet-induced plasticity of life-history traits and gene expression in outbred Drosophila melanogaster population
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When does weather synchronise life history traits? Spatiotemporal patterns in juvenile body mass of two ungulates
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The expression of demographic costs of reproduction varies among coexisting plants with different life history traits
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