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139 results for “lungfish”
Figure 15 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 15. Lateral view of the computed tomography reconstructions of the frontoparietals of extant lungfishes, anterior to the left: A, Protopterus aethiopicus, UF 137272; B, Protopterus annectens, TMM M 1129; C, Lepidosiren paradoxa, CAS 61327; D, Protopterus dolloi, AMNH 246385; E, Protopterus amphibius, CAS 47408; F, Neoceratodus forsteri, AMS I-40438-001. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 38 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 38. Left lateral view of the computed tomography reconstructions of the prearticulars of extant lungfishes, anterior to the left: A, Lepidosiren paradoxa, CAS 61327; B, Protopterus annectens, TMM M 1129; C, Protopterus dolloi, AMNH 246385; D, Protopterus aethiopicus, UF 137272; E, Protopterus amphibius, CAS 47408; F, Neoceratodus forsteri, AMS I-40438-001. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 34 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 34. Anterior view of the computed tomography reconstructions of the left cranial ribs of extant lungfishes, anterior to the left: A, Lepidosiren paradoxa, CAS 61327; B, Protopterus annectens, TMM M 1129; C, Protopterus dolloi, AMNH 246385; D, Protopterus aethiopicus, UF 137272; E, Protopterus amphibius, CAS 47408; F, Neoceratodus forsteri, AMS I-40438-001. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 10 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 10. Left supraorbital of Protopterus annectens, AMNH 22455: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Anterior is to the left. Scale bar: 5 mm. Sdp, descending process of the supraorbital; Slp, lateral process of the supraorbital.
Figure 8 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 8. Dermal ethmoid of Protopterus annectens, TMM M 2494: A, dorsal view; B, lateral. Anterior is to the left. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 7 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 7. Computed tomography reconstruction of the skull of Neoceratodus forsteri, AMS I-40438-001: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm. DE, dermal ethmoid; DS, dermosphenotic; EO, exoccipital; FP, frontoparietal; PS, parasphenoid; PT, pterygoid; PTTa, anterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTb, middle ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTc, posterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; S, supraorbital; SP, splenialpostsplenial; SQ, squamosal; V, vomerine tooth.
Figure 6 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 6. Computed tomography reconstruction of the skull of Lepidosiren paradoxa, CAS 61327: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm. DE, dermal ethmoid; EO, exoccipital; FP, frontoparietal; PS, parasphenoid; PT, pterygoid; PTTa, anterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTb, middle ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTc, posterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; S, supraorbital; SQ, squamosal; V, vomerine tooth.
Figure 5 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 5. Computed tomography reconstruction of the skull of Protopterus dolloi, AMNH 246385: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm. DE, dermal ethmoid; EO, exoccipital; FP, frontoparietal; PS, parasphenoid; PT, pterygoid; PTTa, anterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTb, middle ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTc, posterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; S, supraorbital; SQ, squamosal; V, vomerine tooth.
Figure 2 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 2. Computed tomography reconstruction of the skull of Protopterus annectens, TMM M 1129: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm. A, angular; AC, anocleithrum; C, cartilage; CH, ceratohyal; CL, cleithrum; CLA, clavicle; CR, cranial rib; DE, dermal ethmoid; EO, exoccipital; FP, frontoparietal; OP, operculum; PR, prearticular; PS, parasphenoid; PT, pterygoid; S, supraorbital; SO, suboperculum; SQ, squamosal; V, vomerine tooth; VE, vertebra.
Figure 4 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 4. Computed tomography reconstruction of the skull of Protopterus amphibius, CAS 47408: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm. DE, dermal ethmoid; EO, exoccipital; FP, frontoparietal; PS, parasphenoid; PT, pterygoid; PTTa, anterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTb, middle ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTc, posterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; S, supraorbital; SQ, squamosal; V, vomerine tooth.
Figure 1 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 1. The articulated skull of Protopterus annectens, AMNH 55226: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view. Anterior is to the left. Scale bar: 1 cm. DE, dermal ethmoid; EO, exoccipital; FP, frontoparietal; PS, parasphenoid; PT, pterygoid; PTTa, anterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTb, middle ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; PTTc, posterior ridge of pterygoid tooth plate; S, supraorbital; SQ, squamosal; V, vomerine tooth.
Figure 3 in The comparative osteology and phylogenetic relationships of African and South American lungfishes (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi)
Figure 3. Computed tomography reconstruction of the skull of Protopterus aethiopicus, UF 137272: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 mm. A, angular; AC, anocleithrum; C, cartilage; CH, ceratohyal; CL, cleithrum; CLA, clavicle; CR, cranial rib; DE, dermal ethmoid; EO, exoccipital; FP, frontoparietal; OP, operculum; PR, prearticular; PS, parasphenoid; PT, pterygoid; S, supraorbital; SO, suboperculum; SQ, squamosal; V, vomerine tooth; VE, vertebra.
Fossil Lungfish (GBA 1891/001/0001)
3D scan of the fossil lungfish *Tellerodus sturii*. This fossil was found in the Polzberggraben mining tunnels, Lower Austria, in 1886. These kinds of fish are abundant since the Triassic. The original lungfish belongs to the Geological Survey of Austria. In Hall 8 of the NHM Vienna you can have a look at a cast of this unique lungfish fossil. We want to thank the Geological Survey of Austria for the opportunity to scan the original fossil. **Specimen**: *Tellerodus sturii* (Teller, 1891) **Inventory number**: GBA 1891/001/0001 **Collection**: Geological Survey of Austria, Dept. of Paleontology & Stratigraphy (contact: Holger Gebhardt) Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en). Find out more about the Geological Survey of Austria [here]( https://www.geologie.ac.at/en/). All pieces were scanned separately and were put together digitally in Blender. Scanned and edited by Anna Haider & Viola Winkler (NHMW) Scanner: Artec Space Spider. Infrastructure funded by the FFG. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: The cranial endocast of Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) and the interrelationships of stem-group lungfishes
The first virtual cranial endocast of a lungfish from the Early Devonian, Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi, is described. Dipnorhynchus, only the fourth Devonian lungfish for which a near complete cranial endocast is known, is a key taxon for clarifying primitive character states within the group. A ventrally-expanded telencephalic cavity is present in the endocast of Dipnorhynchus demonstrating that this is the primitive state for "true" Dipnoi. Dipnorhynchus also possesses a utricular recess differentiated from the sacculolagenar pouch like that seen in stratigraphically younger lungfish (Dipterus, Chirodipterus, Rhinodipterus), but absent from the dipnomorph Youngolepis. We do not find separate pineal and para-pineal canals in contrast to a reconstruction from previous authors. We conduct the first phylogenetic analysis of Dipnoi based purely on endocast characters, which supports a basal placement of Dipnorhynchus within the dipnoan stem group, in agreement with recent analyses. Our analysis demonstrates the value of endocast characters for inferring phylogenetic relationships.
Data from: Newly recognized Famennian lungfishes from East Greenland reveal tooth plate diversity and blur the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary
Three specimens of lungfishes from the late Famennian of East Greenland are described. One forms the holotype of a new genus and species, Celsiodon ahlberg gen. et sp. nov., which, in cladistic analyses, is placed close to the Carboniferous genus Ctenodus. The analyses reveal some Late Devonian lungfishes clustering with Early Carboniferous taxa, suggesting that Late Devonian lungfishes included more crownward taxa than previously appreciated, and that the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary was more fluid for lungfish taxa than supposed. Further study of other specimens shows a range of tooth plate morphologies and tooth crown morphologies, suggesting that the Late Devonian lungfishes were even more diverse and occupied a wider range of feeding strategies than previously suspected.
Aldosterone and dexamethasone activate African lungfish mineralocorticoid receptor: Increased activation after removal of the amino-terminal domain
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Aldosterone, the main physiological mineralocorticoid in humans and other terrestrial vertebrates, first appears in lungfish, which are lobe-finned fish that are forerunners of terrestrial vertebrates. Aldosterone activation of the MR regulates internal homeostasis of water, sodium and potassium, which was critical in the conquest of land by vertebrates. We studied transcriptional activation of the slender African lungfish MR by aldosterone, other corticosteroids and progesterone and find that aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and progesterone have half-maximal responses (EC50s) below 1 nM and are potential physiological mineralocorticoids. In contrast, EC50s for corticosterone and cortisol were 23 nM and 66 nM, respectively. Unexpectedly, truncated lungfish MR, consisting of the DNA-binding, hinge and steroid-binding domains, had a stronger response to corticosteroids and progesterone than full-length lungfish MR, indicating that the N-terminal domain represses steroid activation of lungfish MR, unlike human MR in which the N-terminal domain contains an activation function. BLAST searches of GenBank did not retrieve a GR ortholog, leading us to test dexamethasone and triamcinolone for activation of lungfish MR. At 10 nM, both synthetic glucocorticoids are about 4-fold stronger than 10 nM aldosterone in activating full-length lungfish MR, leading us to propose that lungfish MR also functions as a GR.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
FIGURE 1 in The salmon, the lungfish (or the coelacanth) and the cow: a revival?
FIGURE 1. Cladogram depicting phylogenetic relationships among basal sarcopterygians. Phylogenetic information was mainly compiled from: Cloutier & Ahlberg (1996) and Zhu et al. (2009, 2012) for Sarcopterygii; Zhu et al. (2009) for †Achoania, †Ligulalepis, †Meenmania, †Guiyu, and †Psarolepis; Lu & Zhu (2010) for Onychodontiformes; Friedman (2007b), Dutel et al. (2012), and Zhu et al. (2012) for Actinistia; Ahlberg (1991), Ahlberg et al. (2006), Cione et al. (2007), Cavin et al. (2007), Friedman (2007a), Agnolin (2010), and Clement & Long (2010) for †Diabolepis, †Powichthys, †Youngolepis, and Dipnoi; Cloutier & Ahlberg (1996) and Clement (2001) for Porolepiformes; Ahlberg et al. (2003) and Swartz et al. (2012) for Tetrapodomorpha [despite Holland (2013) having proposed important changes in tetrapodomorph phylogeny, his work was not here considered because many dipnoan terminals were lacking]; Holland et al. (2007) for Rhizodontidae; Ahlberg et al. (2008) for Elpistostegalia; and Carroll (2007) for Tetrapoda. The cladogram was built with the software Mesquite, version 2.75 (Maddison & Maddison, 2011). Names of terminals that have extant members are marked in black.
Dataset for: The biogeography of extant lungfishes traces the breakup of Gondwana
<p>Aim: Lungfishes are one of the two surviving clades from the once diverse grade of lobe-finned fishes leading to tetrapods. This classic living fossil lineage, which is the living sister to four-limbed terrestrial vertebrates, appeared approximately 425 million years ago and rapidly diversified. However, the evolution of lungfishes after their initial radiation is poorly understood, and whether their present distribution tracks ancient geographic change is a classic problem in biogeography.</p> <p>Location: Global</p> <p>Taxon: Lungfishes (Dipnoi)</p> <p>Methods: Here, we combine mitogenomic, nuclear gene, and fossil data to reconstruct the timing of lungfish diversification, and integrate fossil species in a Bayesian tip-dating approach to quantitatively test hypotheses of lungfish historical biogeography and divergence times. We sample all major living and extinct lungfish lineages, including three of the four species of African lungfishes (<em>Protopterus</em> spp.), the Australian lungfish <em>Neoceratodus forsteri</em>, the South American lungfish <em>Lepidosiren paradoxa</em>, and 13 fossils representing extinct lineages from across the globe.</p> <p>Results: Our results demonstrate that the divergences of the three major living lungfish clades closely recapitulate the stepwise fragmentation of the Gondwana during the Mesozoic. All of our model-based biogeographic reconstructions support a Gondwanan vicariance model for the origins of the present distribution of lungfish lineages.</p> <p>Conclusions: In turn, lungfishes provide an excellent example of how the integration of fossil data may drastically change support for historical biogeographic hypotheses previously discounted by molecular data and are one of the few living animal lineages that record incredibly ancient geographic changes in their phylogeny.</p>
Data from: The cranial endocast of Dipnorhynchus sussmilchi (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) and the interrelationships of stem-group lungfishes
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Data from: Newly recognized Famennian lungfishes from East Greenland reveal tooth plate diversity and blur the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary
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