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Figures 69–73. Considerations for denticles. Figure 69 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 69–73. Considerations for denticles. Figure 69. Scorpiops sp. (Menglun), female, left chela, showing the loss of an OD and normal MD-OD-MD combinations. Figure 70. S. validus, female, left chela, showing the linearity is influenced by the included angle. Figure 71. S. lowei, female, right chela, showing the differentiation of IAD (yellow) and MD (green). Figures 72–73. Scorpiops sp. (Menglun), females, showing examples of low-degree proliferations in which the abnormal denticles (purple) flank a certain denticle type as well as their weak

Figures 93–96 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 93–96. Application of "condyle method" upon a modified caliper (93–95) using the right chela of an adult male S. xui as the example, and pinned specimens of S. tongtongi (96). In reality, to avoid the deviation caused by the curvature of chelal fingers, the chela needs to be positioned in a vertical direction (Fig. 94); this obviously depends on the width of the L-shaped plate. The chela does not have to be orthogonal to a horizontal plane since the rotation around the pitch axis does not affect the width measured, as long as the roll and yaw axes are fixed (thus defining a 2D plane) based on the rod (however, this could be difficult by manual measurement).

Figures 200–201 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 200–201. Bivariate scatter plot comparing males (abscissa) vs. females (ordinate) with standard error bars; gray line is diagonal. Figure 200. Mean PTC comparison (raw data available on ResearchGate); clustered values amplified in grey rectangles. Figure 201. Mean chela-L/W comparison; clustered values amplified in grey rectangles. Symbols: S. jendeki (●); S. lowei (●); S. puerensis (●); S. shidian (●); S. tongtongi (●); S. vachoni (●); S. validus (●); S. xui (●); S. yangi (●); S. zhangshuyuani (●); S. sp. (Jinghong) (); S. sp. (Menglun) (○).

Figures 155–163. Tergites IV–VI in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 155–163. Tergites IV–VI morphosculpture comparison between males of Scorpiops jendeki (155), S. lowei (156), S. puerensis (157), S. shidian (158), S. vachoni (159), S. validus (160), S. xui (161), S. yangi (162) and S. zhangshuyuani (163) under UV light. Scale normalized by maximum Feret width at this angle.

Figures 55–60 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 55–60. Scorpiops tongtongi, male and left hemispermatophore. Figure 55. Male in vivo habitus under captive condition. Figures 56–60. Left hemispermatophore in convex view (56). Capsule in convex (57, 59) and concave (58, 60) views. Capsule exposed in air (59–60) was coated with clove oil in order to reveal the surface texture before the photos were taken. Abbreviations: dpl (distal posterior lobe), lh (lateral hook), tmsd (terminal membrane of sperm duct), bc (basal carina), bcr (basal crest), cls (crown-like structure), mar (mid-axial rib), dc (distal carina).

Figures 91–92 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 91–92. Scorpiops atomatus, female from Gyaca County, Shannan, Tibet, right chela in dorsal aspect. Figure 91. Comparison of "axis" and "baseline" methods. Red curves: rough fitting of chela outline; blue line: axis (chela-L in this paper); cyan line: maximal distance and orthogonal to axis; green lines: orthogonal to axis and passing the apexes of both arcs; purple line: connection between to apexes; pink line: baseline of the inner arc; yellow lines: orthogonal to baseline and passing the apexes of both arcs. Figure 92. "Squeezing method"; red rectangle confined the chela using four points. The left side of this rectangle is determined by P in (chela-W) (or P te (chela-L)) and P te (chela-W); its right side is a parallel line tangential to the outer arc.

Figures 81–82 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 81–82. Scorpiops cf. wrzecionkoi, male from Lhasa, Tibet, right chela in dorsal (81) and external (82) aspects. Green line: shortest distance between fingertip and proximal margin at the tibio-patellar articulation; red line: chela-L or "axis" defined in this paper; blue circle: region where Stahnke (1970) selected as his P in.

Figures 83–88 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 83–88. Comparison of chelae of Scorpiops. Figure 83. S. jendeki, female, right chela in dorsal aspect with nomenclature of chelal carinae annotated. Figures 84–85. S. langxian, female from Bayi District, Nyingchi, Tibet, right chela in dorsal (84) and ventro-external (85) aspects, showing two movable finger condyles and a strong ventromedian carina. Figures 86–88. S. cf. songi Di & Qiao, 2020, adult male from unknown locality, right chela in dorsal (86), ventral (87) and front (88) aspects, showing a strong ventromedian carina clearly rising above the two movable finger condyles.

Figures 191–193 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 191–193. Right pedipalp femur comparison between males of S. shidian (191), S. xui (192) and S. zhangshuyuani (193) under UV light in dorsal view. Scale normalized by maximum Feret length at this angle.

Figures 173–190 in Description of the adult male Scorpiops tongtongi Tang, 2022, with further comments on the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 in China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae)

Figures 173–190. Right pedipalp patella comparison between adult Scorpiops spp. under UV light. Figures 173–174. S. jendeki, male (173) and female (174). Figures 175–176. S. lowei, male (175) and female (176). Figures 177–178. S. puerensis, male (177) and female (178). Figures 179–180. S. shidian, male (179) and female (180). Figures 181–182. S. vachoni, male (181) and female (182). Figures 183–184. S. validus, male (183) and female (184). Figures 185–186. S. xui, male (185) and female (186). Figures 187–188. S. yangi, male (187) and female (188). Figures 187–188. S. zhangshuyuani, male (189) and female (190). Scale normalized by maximum Feret length at this angle.

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Figure 1 in Description of the male of Plectromerus michelii Nearns and Branham, 2008 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Figure 1. Plectromerus michelii Nearns and Branham, male. A) Dorsal habitus. B) Close-up of prosternum. C) Close-up of metafemur and metatibia, ventral view.

Fig. 11 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 11. Male genitalia of Viuria acadia sp. nov., paratype (DZ 47.183). A–D. Uncus and tegumen. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Right lateral view. D. Left lateral view. E. Valva, left lateral inner view. F. Valva, right lateral inner view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

Fig. 10 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 10. Male genitalia of Viuria acadia sp. nov., paratype (DZ 47.183). A. Left lateral view. B. Right lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Aedeagus, dorsal view. F. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

Fig. 9 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 9. Male genitalia of Viuria innana sp. nov., paratype (DZ 47.172). A–D. Uncus and tegumen. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. E. Valva, left lateral inner view. F. Valva, right lateral inner view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

Fig. 8 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 8. Male genitalia of Viuria innana sp. nov., paratype (DZ 47.172) A. Left lateral view. B. Right lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Aedeagus, dorsal view. E. Aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

Fig. 7 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 7. Male genitalia of Viuria lista (Evans, 1953) (OM 4.507). A–D. Uncus and tegumen. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D. Right lateral view. E. Valva, left lateral inner view. F. Valva, right lateral inner view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

Fig. 13 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 13. Patches of modified scales in DHW of species of Viuria Grishin, 2019. A–D. Viuria lista (Evans, 1953). E–F. Viuria licisca (Plötz, 1882). A. Overall view. B. Detail of the modified greyish scales in the swollen vein Sc+R1. C. Details of the creamy scales near the base of the swollen veins Rs and M1. D–F. Same sequence with diaphanized wings.

Fig. 5 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 5. Male genitalia of Viuria licisca (Plötz, 1882) (OM 43.281). A–D. Uncus and tegumen. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Left lateral view. D. Right lateral view. E. Valva, left lateral inner view. F. Valva, right lateral inner view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

Fig. 4 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 4. Male genitalia of Viuria licisca (Plötz, 1882) (OM 43.776). A. Left lateral view. B. Right lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Aedeagus, lateral view. F. Aedaegus, dorsal view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

Fig. 2 in Viuria Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): taxonomy, description of two new species, and remarks on the morphology of secondary sexual organs of males

Fig. 2. Male genitalia of Viuria herophile (Harward, 1914) (DZ 9.681). A. Left lateral view. B. Right lateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Aedeagus, dorsal view. F. Aedeagus lateral view. Scale bar: 500 µm.