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637 results for “monkey”
Dietary ethanol ingestion by free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
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Data from: The evolutionary origins of natural pedagogy: Rhesus monkeys show sustained attention following nonsocial cues versus social communicative signals
<p>The natural pedagogy hypothesis proposes that human infants preferentially attend to communicative signals from others, facilitating rapid cultural learning. In this view, sensitivity to such signals are a uniquely human adaptation and as such nonhuman animals should not produce or utilize these communicative signals. We test these evolutionary predictions by examining sensitivity to communicative cues in 206 rhesus monkeys (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) using an expectancy looking time task modeled on prior work with infants. Monkeys observed a human actor who either made eye contact and vocalized to the monkey (<i>social cue</i>), or waved a fruit in front of her face and produced a tapping sound (<i>nonsocial cue</i>). The actor then either looked at an object (<i>referential look</i>) or looked towards empty space (<i>look away</i>). We found that, unlike human infants in analogous situations, rhesus monkeys looked longer at events following nonsocial cues, regardless of the demonstrator's subsequent looking behavior. Moreover, younger and older monkeys showed similar patterns of responses across development. These results provide support for the natural pedagogy hypothesis, while also highlighting evolutionary changes in human sensitivity to communicative signals.</p>
Data from: Effects of female group size on the number of males in blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) groups
<p>The number of males per group varies substantially in group-living primates, both between and within species. In blue monkeys (<i>Cercopithecus mitis</i>), males may temporarily join groups during annual mating seasons when sexually receptive females are present. A likely determinant of the number of males per group is female group size (the number of adult females in a group). To clarify the role of female group size in driving variation in the number of males per group, we expanded on earlier observations of a wild population in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya with a larger sample of groups that varied five-fold in female group size. We found considerable flexibility in social organization, with groups experiencing multi-male episodes both during and outside mating seasons, some persisting over multi-year periods. The dichotomy between single- and multi-male mating seasons was less distinct than previously reported, suggesting greater variation in multi-male states. Across 65 group-specific conception periods, female group size strongly influenced how often multiple sexually active females and multiple males were present in a group. The number of sexually active females present on a given day related closely to the number of males in the group that same day, especially during conception periods. Results suggest that males join and remain in larger groups where mating opportunities are greater and costs of joining or staying may be lower than in smaller groups. This longitudinal study highlights intraspecific social variation within and across groups while confirming that female group size influences the number of males.</p>
Data from: Wild samango monkeys, Cercopithecus mitis, balance risk and opportunity to interact with novel objects in village gardens
Research suggests that wild animals in urban areas exhibit heightened behavioral flexibility when they encounter novel human-made objects, but most such studies compared responses in urban populations with those from disjunct populations in less disturbed environments. We therefore know little about intrapopulation variation in cognitive or behavioral flexibility under different conditions of anthropogenic exposure. Here, we investigate object exploration and behavioral flexibility in a single group of samango monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) in an environment where individuals forage in both gardens and natural forest. Over two months, we presented monkeys with novel, human-made objects in both natural and disturbed areas, varying the position of objects in trees to represent exposed or safer foraging zones. We video-recorded and analyzed interactions with these novel objects, assessing interaction times (an indicator of persistence), exploratory diversity (or motor diversity), and the occurrence of foraging innovations. Results from 67 interactions (29 in natural habitats and 38 in disturbed) indicate that samango monkeys exhibited a spatially complex response to novel objects: in contrast to other species, exploration diversity decreased significantly in anthropogenic environments, even as persistence remained largely static across contexts. Monkeys also exhibited foraging innovations by pulling on strings to bring objects closer. This may reduce exposure to danger, as string-pulling was most prevalent in the highest risk condition (ground level in human gardens). Significant intrapopulation variation in behavioral flexibility suggests that samango monkeys adjust the expression of problem-solving behaviors in relation to the degree of human disturbance in their immediate environment.
Domestication phenotype linked to vocal behavior in marmoset monkeys
<p>The domestication syndrome refers to a set of traits that are the incidental by-products of artificial selection for increased tolerance towards humans. One hypothesis is that some species like humans and bonobos "self domesticated", that they have been under selection for that same suite of domesticated phenotypes. However, the evidence for this has been largely circumstantial. Here, we provide evidence that in marmoset monkeys, the size of a domestication phenotype—a white facial fur patch—is linked to their degree of affiliative vocal responses. During development, the amount of parental vocal feedback experienced by influences the rate of growth of this facial white patch and this suggests a mechanistic link between the two phenotypes, possibly neural crest cells. Our study provides evidence for links between vocal behavior and the development of morphological phenotypes associated with domestication in a nonhuman primate.</p>
Data from: Are capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) sensitive to lost opportunities? The role of opportunity costs in intertemporal choice
<p class="western"><span>Principles of economics predict that the costs associated with obtaining rewards can influence choice. When individuals face choices between a smaller, immediate option and a larger, later option, they often experience opportunity costs associated with waiting for delayed rewards because they must forego the opportunity to make other choices. We evaluated how reducing opportunity costs affects delay tolerance in capuchin monkeys. After choosing the larger option, in the <i>High cost</i> condition subjects had to wait for the delay to expire, whereas in the <i>Low cost different</i> condition they could perform a new choice during the delay. To assess the effect of intake rate on choices, the <i>Low cost same</i> condition had the same intake rate ratio as the <i>High cost</i> condition. We found that capuchins attended both to intake rates and to opportunity costs. They chose the larger option more often in the <i>Low cost different</i> and <i>Low cost same</i> conditions than in the <i>High cost</i> condition, and more often in the <i>Low cost different</i> condition than in the <i>Low cost same</i> condition. Understanding how non-human primates represent and use costs in making decisions not only helps to develop theoretical frameworks to explain their choices but also addresses similarities with and differences from human decision making. These outcomes provide insights into the origins of human economic behaviour.</span></p>
Relationships between cortisol and testosterone in female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) [dataset]
<p>[dataset for article in review]</p> <p>Steroid hormones are critical to the regulation of sociosexual behavior. Their role in the formation of pair bonds is complicated by the relative scarcity of this social system in mammals, as well as species and taxonomic differences in endocrine systems. In the present study, we experimentally manipulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in female titi monkeys (<em>Plecturocebus cupreus</em>), a neotropical monkey studied for its strong, selective pair bonds. We validated a new assay for plasma and urinary cortisol in this species, showing a strong suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone injection, and a significant but somewhat blunted response to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Urinary testosterone did not change in response to dexamethasone or ACTH. Plasma and urinary cortisol were highly correlated, whereas urinary cortisol and testosterone were only correlated when extreme cortisol values were included. In this study, we laid groundwork for studying the role of glucocorticoids and androgens (and eventually, their interactions with peptides) in the behavioral endocrinology of pair bonds in female titi monkeys.</p>
Behavioral evidence for memory replay of video episodes in macaque monkeys
<p>Humans recall the past by replaying fragments of events temporally. Here, we demonstrate a similar effect in macaques. We trained six rhesus monkeys with a temporal-order judgement (TOJ) task and collected 5000 TOJ trials. In each trial, they watched a naturalistic video of about 10 s comprising two across-context clips, and after a 2-s delay, performed TOJ between two frames from the video. The monkeys apply a non-linear forward, time-compressed replay mechanism during the temporal-order judgement. In contrast with humans, such compression of replay is however not sophisticated enough to allow them to skip over irrelevant information by compressing the encoded video globally. We also reveal that the monkeys detect event contextual boundaries and such detection facilitates recall by an increased rate of information accumulation. Demonstration of a time-compressed, forward replay like pattern in the macaque monkeys provides insights into the evolution of episodic memory in our lineage</p>
Data from: Feeding strategies of brown howler monkeys in response to variations in food availability
Primates display varying degrees of behavioral flexibility that allow them to adjust their diet to temporal changes in food availability. This trait might be critical for the survival of folivorous-frugivorous species inhabiting small forest fragments, where the availability of food resources tends to be lower than in large fragments and continuous forests. However, the scarcity of studies addressing this issue hampers our understanding of the adaptive behaviors that favor the survival of these primates in low-quality habitats. We conducted a 36-mo study testing the hypothesis that brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) are able to adjust their diet in response to local and seasonal changes in resource availability. We compared the diet of six free-ranging groups inhabiting three small (<10 ha) and three large (>90 ha) Atlantic forest fragments in southern Brazil and estimated the temporal availability of their top food species (i.e., those species that together contribute ≥80% of total feeding records). We found that brown howlers exploited similarly rich diets in small (45, 54, and 57 plant species) and large (48, 51, and 56 species) fragments. However, intermonth diet similarity was higher for groups in small fragments, where howlers also fed on plant items from nine alien species. Fruits and leaves were the most consumed plant items in both small (42% and 49% of feeding records, respectively) and large (51% and 41%, respectively) fragments. The consumption of young leaves was higher in small than in large fragments, whereas the consumption of other plant items did not show a pattern related to fragment size. Regarding the contribution of growth forms as food sources, only the exploitation of palms showed a pattern related to fragment size. Palms contributed more to the diet of groups inhabiting large fragments. The availability of seasonal food items–ripe fruits and young leaves–influenced their consumption in both habitat types. Therefore, brown howlers cope with local and seasonal fluctuations in food availability by opportunistically exploiting resources. We believe that this feeding flexibility is a key component of the phenotypic plasticity that enables howlers to thrive in disturbed habitat patches, where periods of scarcity of preferred foods shall be more common.
Data from: Adaptive divergence in the monkey flower Mimulus guttatus is maintained by a chromosomal inversion
Organisms exhibit an incredible diversity of life history strategies as adaptive responses to environmental variation. The establishment of novel life history strategies involves multilocus polymorphisms, which will be challenging to establish in the face of gene flow and recombination. Theory predicts that adaptive allelic combinations may be maintained and spread if they occur in genomic regions of reduced recombination, such as chromosomal inversion polymorphisms, yet empirical support for this prediction is lacking. Here, we use genomic data to investigate the evolution of divergent adaptive ecotypes of the yellow monkey flower Mimulus guttatus. We show that a large chromosomal inversion polymorphism is the major region of divergence between geographically widespread annual and perennial ecotypes. In contrast, ∼40,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in collinear regions of the genome show no signal of life history, revealing genomic patterns of diversity have been shaped by localized homogenizing gene flow and large-scale Pleistocene range expansion. Our results provide evidence for an inversion capturing and protecting loci involved in local adaptation, while also explaining how adaptive divergence can occur with gene flow.
Statuette of a Singing Monkey
Statuette of a Singing Monkey of the "Monkey Orchestra" series ID no.: ZKWawel 5127 http://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/obiekty/-/a/4869610/4877253 Museum: Wawel Royal Castle – State Art Collection Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Małopolska's Virtual Museums Plus project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Baule Monkey
This monkey figure is referred to as a "gbekre," a brother of the buffalo spirit known as "Guli." It is carved out of natural unstained wood. This figure fulfils a deity role by receiving offerings in agricultural rituals and protects the living. A stylistic characteristic for this statue to be carved with the hands open or with the hands holding a cup for receiving sacrificial offerings. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Monkey / Australopithecus stone bust
Australopithecus / chimpanzee stone bust I sculpted on Zbrush. Like in my Albert Einstein model there are some uv and mesh problems on his neck. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The Secret of Monkey Island I - 1990 - LucasArts
The Secret of Monkey Island created by Ron Gilbert is the biggest classic from 90's. Inspired in the ride "Pirates of the Carabbean" from Disney theme park. The main character Guybrush Threepwood is a wanna be pirate who wants to became a real pirate. Praised by a generation the Monkey Island series lives till today with remakes of the old classics. Want to support our project? DONATE NOW: https://www.catarse.me/museudocomputador_3d?ref=project_link 3D ARTIFACT PAID BY: Guilherme Vieira Dutra WANT YOUR NAME IN OUR COLLECTION? https://www.catarse.me/museudocomputador_3d?ref=project_link Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
MH 1996.9.13 Hanuman: Monkey-faced Diety
Thai; late 19th century; Materials: Bronze; Measurements: Overall: 10 1/2 x 8 3/4 in.; Accession Number: MH 1996.9.13; Credit Line: Gift of Mr. Hershel Richman and Dr. Elizabeth Rosner Richman (Class of 1967); View this object on the Collections Database: http://museums.fivecolleges.edu/detail.php?museum=all&t=objects&type=all&f=&s=mh_1996_9_13&record=0 Photographs and photogrammetry by Laura Shea (Digital Collections Coordinator and Museum Photographer), Mount Holyoke College Art Museum; Copyright info: Contact the Mount Holyoke College Art Museum South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA 01075 413-538-2245 http://www.mtholyoke.edu/artmuseum/ The Mount Holyoke College Art Museum is dedicated to teaching and learning; therefore, we value your feedback and welcome any scholarly observations. Please feel free to contact us if you would like to learn more about the objects you see here or to request 3D models of other objects in our collections. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
EEG Dataset of 38 Infants (Aged 5-13 Months) Viewing Human and Monkey Faces (Two Identities Each)
<p><strong>EEG Dataset of 38 Infants (Aged 5-13 Months) Viewing Human and Monkey Faces (Two Identities Each)</strong></p> <p><em><strong>Roman Kessler</strong> & <strong>Michael A. Skeide</strong></em></p> <p><br><br>Raw data set used in the study titled: </p> <p><strong>Electrophysiological decoding captures the temporal trajectory of face categorization in infants</strong></p> <p><em><strong>Roman Kessler</strong> & <strong>Michael A. Skeide</strong></em></p> <p> </p> <p>Processing scripts related to the study, cleaned raw data, demographical information, and processed data can be found at:</p> <p>https://github.com/SkeideLab/PRAWN</p> <p> </p> <p>When using this data, please cite:</p> <ul> <li>Kessler, R., & Skeide, M. A. (2024). Electrophysiological decoding captures the temporal trajectory of face categorization in infants. bioRxiv. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.07.617144">https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.10.07.617144</a></li> <li>Kessler, R., & Skeide, M. A. (2024). EEG Dataset of 38 Infants (Aged 5-11 Months) Viewing Human and Monkey Faces (Two Identities Each) (1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13881207" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/</a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13881207">10.5281/zenodo.13881206</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>The dataset contains raw data of 38 infants, that were invited 1-2 times each for an EEG experiment showing human (2 individuals) or monkey (2 individuals) faces. See Kessler & Skeide 2024 (bioRxiv) for more information.</p> <p>The preprocessed and all downstream data is located in the GitHub repository.</p> <p>The raw_eeg.zip file is the raw data as provided from the EEG system. Sometimes the session is comprised of several raw eeg files, that are concatenated and cleaned of artifacts from technical failures.</p> <p>The raw_adult_pilots.zip contains the raw data of two adult participants.</p>
Fig. 1. A in Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis Larvatus (Wurmb, 1787)) Have Unusually High-Pitched Vocalizations
Fig. 1. A male proboscis monkey in the Singapore Zoological Gardens.
Fig. S1 in Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis Larvatus (Wurmb, 1787)) Have Unusually High-Pitched Vocalizations
Fig. S1. Spectrogram of Call 2: Low frequency vocalization produced by adult male.
Data from: Timing of conceptions in Phayre's leaf monkeys: energy and phytochemical intake
<p class="MsoNormal">Raising offspring imposes energetic costs, especially for female mammals. Consequently, seasons favoring high energy intake and sustained positive energy balance often result in a conception peak. Factors that may weaken this coordinated effect include premature offspring loss and adolescent subfertility. Furthermore, seasonal ingestion of phytochemicals may facilitate conception peaks. We examined these factors and potential benefits of a conception peak (infant survival, interbirth interval) in Phayre's leaf monkeys (<em>Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus</em>). Data were collected at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand (78 conceptions). We estimated periods of high energy intake based on fruit and young leaf feeding and via monthly energy intake rates. Phytochemical intake was based on fecal progestin. We examined seasonality (circular statistics, cox proportional hazard models) and compared consequences of timing (infant survival and interbirth intervals, t-test, Fisher exact test). Conceptions occurred in all months but peaked from May to August. This peak coincided with high fecal progestin rather than presumed positive energy balance. Primipara conceived significantly later than multipara. Neither infant survival nor interbirth intervals were related to the timing of conception. Periods of high energy intake may not exist and would not explain the conception peak in this population. However, the presumed high intake of phytochemicals was tightly linked to the conception peak. Timing conceptions to the peak season did not provide benefits, suggesting that the clustering of conceptions may be a mere by-product of phytochemical intake. To confirm this conclusion, seasonal changes in phytochemical intake and hormone levels need to be studied more directly.</p>
Lambayeque vessel with monkey attachements
Lambayeque vessel in the Bonn Collection of the Americas at the University of Bonn (Inv. Nr. 3265) * Object: Spherical vessel made of clay with two monkey applications * Place of origin: Peru * Culture: Lambayeque * Acquisition: 1977 * Collection: H. Senff * Hardware: Nikon D750, Nikon 60 mm macro * Software: RealityCapture, Substance Designer, Blender Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.