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403 results for “occurrence data”
Data from: Leopard (<em>Panthera pardus</em>) density and the impact of spotted hyaena (<em>Crocuta crocuta</em>) occurrence on leopard presence in the Maasai Mara ecosystem, Kenya
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Data from: Geographic distribution of terpenoid chemotypes in Tanacetum vulgare mediates tansy aphid occurrence but not abundance
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U.S. freshwater mussel occurrence data
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Data from: Environmental variables influence patterns of mammal co-occurrence following introduced predator control
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Data from: Integrated species distribution models to account for sampling biases and improve range wide occurrence predictions
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Costa Rica mosquito community species occurrence and site environmental data, July - August 2017
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Lesser Yellowlegs location data describing the occurrence of birds within harvest zones in the Caribbean and South America
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Data from: Niche packing, but not niche expansion, explains the co-occurrence of hummingbirds-visited plants
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Data from: Traits mediate niches and co-occurrences of forest beetles in ways that differ among bioclimatic regions
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Data from: Co-occurrence between size groups within populations decreases with maximum body size across marine fish populations
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Lab Standards for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sequencing (repackaging of occurrences published by the NEON Biorepository Data Portal)
These DNA extracts are community standard or mock standard of macroinvertebrate DNA created at NEON headquarters, and used as a positive control for macroinvertebrate and zooplankton metabarcoding data.
Risk assessment of Ochratoxin A in food - Summary statistics on occurrence and consumption data and exposure assessment results - Final occurrence data
<p><strong>Annex: Summary statistics on occurrence and consumption data and exposure assessment results</strong></p> <p>Table 1 Number of analytical results excluded from the initial dataset during data cleaning, and justification for exclusion</p> <p>Table 2 Occurrence values of OTA (µg/kg) in food as reported in the cleaned database</p> <p>Table 3 Occurrence values of OTA (µg/kg) in food as used for the exposure assessment</p> <p>Table 4 Dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database, considered in the exposure assessment</p> <p>Table 5 Results of chronic dietary exposure assessment on OTA (ng/kg bw per day)</p> <p>Table 6 Main contributing food categories to the mean LB exposure assessments to OTA across European dietary surveys and population groups</p> <p>Table 7 Distribution of LOQ values among the different food categories</p> <p>Table 8 All contributing food categories to the mean LB and UB exposure to OTA across European dietary surveys and population groups</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>FormattedDATA_OchratoxinA.zip: Occurrence data on OTA</strong></p> <p>Contains the occurrence data of OTA on 73,891 food samples presented in the opinion as described in its section 4.7 Occurrence data.</p> <p>The link to the catalogues of controlled terminologies can be found under "Related identifiers”.</p>
Data from: Use of web-based species occurrence information systems by academics and government professionals
<p>Web-based information systems designed to increase access to species occurrence data for use in research and natural resource decision-making have become more prevalent over the past few decades. The effectiveness of these systems depends on their usability and extent of use by their intended audiences. We conducted an online survey of academics and government professionals in the United States to compare their species occurrence data needs and their perceptions and use of web-based species occurrence information systems. Our results indicate that although views and perceptions held by academics and government professionals about the importance, usefulness, and ease of use of these information systems tend to be similar, there were differences in their use of species occurrence data and web-based species occurrence information systems. The baseline information obtained in this study will help inform future directions for improvements in species occurrence information systems.</p>
Anopheles stephensi occurrence data 1985 - 2019
<p>In 2012, an unusual outbreak of malaria occurred in Djibouti City followed by increasingly severe annual outbreaks. Investigations revealed the presence of an Asian mosquito species; Anopheles stephensi, which thrives in urban environments. Anopheles stephensi has since been identified in Ethiopia and Sudan.</p> <p>By combining data for An. stephensi across its full range (Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa) with spatial models that identify the species' preferred habitat, we provide evidence-based maps predicting the possible African locations where An. stephensi could establish if allowed to spread. </p>
Data from: Assessing the relationship between illegal hunting of ungulates, wild prey occurrence and livestock depredation rate by large carnivores
1. Illegal hunting of ungulates can reduce the prey base of carnivores, which can increase human-carnivore conflict (HCC) through livestock depredation. However, the relationship between ungulate poaching, wild prey abundance and livestock depredation has rarely been empirically studied. 2. We surveyed 18 sites across the Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran; a global biodiversity hotspot under pressure of illegal hunting of ungulates, prey depletion, livestock grazing and HCC. We conducted three field surveys across 1204 km in 93 4×4 km cells to count signs of ungulate poaching as well as encounters with livestock and prey species of the Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor and the grey wolf Canis lupus. We documented sheep/goat and cattle depredation from interviews with 201 herders and analysed the effects of illegal hunting of ungulates, forest cover, IUCN categories of reserves, elevation, distance to villages, and wild prey and livestock encounter rates on carnivore depredation rates using generalized linear models. 3. Illegal hunting of ungulates was the most influential depredation predictor. An increase in the illegal hunting of ungulates by one sign/km significantly increased depredation by up to four times. We also found significantly lower levels of ungulate poaching in national parks (IUCN category II) compared to protected areas (V), wildlife refuges (IV) and no-hunting areas, though poaching signs were frequently found in most cells (58%). Encounters with livestock was inversely linked to wild prey species, but positively coupled with signs of ungulate poaching. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study reveals that: (i) an increase in the intensity of illegal hunting of ungulates can intensify livestock depredation by carnivores; (ii) future efforts in reducing human-carnivore conflict (HCC) to acceptable levels require a combination of law enforcement, prey recovery approaches and mitigation measures; (iii) there is an urgent need to better understand the root causes of poaching of ungulates to help minimize HCC.
Data from: Co-occurrence among three divergent plant-castrating fungi in the same silene host species
The competitive exclusion principle postulates that different species can only coexist in sympatry if they occupy distinct ecological niches. The goal of this study was to understand the geographical distribution of three species of Microbotryum anther-smut fungi that are distantly related but infect the same host plants, the sister species Silene vulgaris and S. uniflora, in western Europe. We used microsatellite markers to investigate pathogen distribution in relation to host specialization and ecological factors. Microbotryum violaceo-irregulare was only found on S. vulgaris at high elevations in the Alps. Microbotryum lagerheimii could be subdivided into two genetically differentiated clusters, one on S. uniflora in the UK and the second on S. vulgaris in the Alps and Pyrenees. The most abundant pathogen species, M. silenes-inflatae, could be subdivided into four genetic clusters, co-occurring in the Alps, the UK and the Pyrenees, and was found on both S. vulgaris and S. uniflora. All three fungal species had high levels of homozygosity, in agreement with the selfing mating system generally observed in anther-smut fungi. The three pathogen species and genetic clusters had large range overlaps, but occurred at sites with different elevations, temperatures and precipitation levels. The three Microbotryum species thus do not appear to be maintained by host specialization or geographic allopatry, but instead may occupy different ecological niches in terms of environmental conditions.
Data from: The role of spore size in the global pattern of co-occurrence among Selaginella species
Aim: Separation of regeneration niches may promote coexistence among closely related plant species, but there is little evidence that regeneration traits affect species ranges at large geographic scales. Here we address patterns of co-occurrence within the genus Selaginella, an ancient lineage of free-sporing, heterosporous, vascular plants. Specifically, we ask whether differences between species in spore size are associated with the extent of overlap in their geographic ranges, a measure of opportunity for ecological interaction. Taxon: Selaginella (Selaginellaceae: Lycopodiales) Methods: We used quantile regression to examine the relationship of spore size ratios (pairwise ratios for megaspores and microspores of co-occurring species) to the area of range overlap and to latitude for a worldwide sample of 112 Selaginella species. Phylogenetically informed tests of statistical significance were used for each percentile relationship examined in the quantile regressions. Results: Large pairwise disparities in megaspore sizes were significantly associated with large range overlap. Disparities also tended to be larger at low latitudes. Microspore size differences, in contrast, were unrelated to shared range area or latitude. Main conclusion: Megaspore size appears to affect coexistence at a broad regional scale among Selaginella species, in at least some cases. The pattern is consistent with some degree of competitive structuring of size-related aspects of dispersal and establishment of propagules among some co-occurring species. Habitat complexity, such as open microsites within otherwise closed and shaded vegetation, seems likely to promote reproductive niche separation and may account for the latitudinal structure in Selaginella spore sizes.
Data from: A trait-based framework for discerning drivers of species co-occurrence across heterogeneous landscapes
Null model analysis of species co-occurrence patterns has long been used to gain insight into community assembly but is often limited to identifying non-random patterns without providing clarity about underlying ecological mechanisms. This challenge is especially apparent when sampling units are spread across a heterogeneous landscape or along an environmental gradient because multiple mechanisms can produce similar co-occurrence patterns. We developed a trait-based approach for discriminating between environmental filtering and biotic interactions as the probable driver of co-occurrence patterns across environmentally heterogeneous sites. We demonstrate our framework by analyzing the co-occurrence of small mammals over elevation in three independent mountain ranges in the Great Basin of the western United States. Our sampling design accounts for landscape scale environmental variability and within-site habitat heterogeneity. We identified 52 non-random species pairs, of which 36 were aggregated and 16 were segregated. For each pair, we determined which mechanism was the likely ecological explanation using a hypothesis-testing framework based on functional trait similarity. Expectations of biotic interactions were based on similarity of diet and body size whereas habitat affinity and geographic range were used for environmental filtering. Only four pairs were consistent with expectations under biotic interactions, including pairs for which competitive exclusion has previously been documented. In addition to analyzing individual pairs, we used binomial tests of observed versus expected totals of intra- and inter-guild pairs to determine assemblage-wide deviations from random community structure. Signatures of environmental filtering were consistent across mountain ranges and scales. Despite differences in species composition and significant pairs among data sets, our approach revealed consistent mechanistic conclusions, emphasizing the value of trait-based methods to co-occurrence and community assembly.
Occurrence data on Alternaria toxins in food
<p>Alternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by Alternaria species that cause plant diseases on many crops. They are the principal contaminating fungi in wheat, sorghum and barley, and have also been reported to occur in oilseeds such as sunflower and rapeseed, tomato, apples, citrus fruits, olives and several other fruits and vegetables. In addition, some Alternaria toxins are genotoxic in vitro and/or fetotoxic in rats. This published dataset contains data related to years 1995, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008 and 2009. Occurrence data were received from two Member States, which provided 11,730 occurrence results in food, and complemented with data published in the scientific literature. This data has been used for the preparation of the Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of Alternaria toxins in feed and food adopted by EFSA in 2011.</p> <p>Several chromatography-based techniques are suitable for Alternaria toxin quantification in foods and feeds, and liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry, compliant with the requirements as described by the Commission regulation No. 401/2006, has become the method of choice. In the dataset published the following analytical methods have been used: HPLC-RI; Chromatographic tests (Not Specified); HPLC-UV; Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography); LC-MS-MS (QqQ); HPLC-HG-AFS.</p>
Occurrence data on MCPD, free and ester form, and glycidyl esters in various food matrices
<p>This datasets provide data on 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), and 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD), substances that might be generated in food processing. In order to provide reliable occurrence data on the levels of both bound and free forms of those substances, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) requested the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to develop and test suitable analysis methods on different kinds of food to prioritise future monitoring activities. Provisions for methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of 3-MCPD are laid down in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 836/2011.</p> <p>This data includes different products/brands in different countries and different shops. More than 600 food items were sampled in 17 EU Member States. About 95% of these samples were acquired in 10 countries, applying a convenience sampling regime. The produced analysis results were reported to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in Standard Sample Description (SSD) format, whereas the analysed food items were coded by FoodEx2 codes. The analytical method used is GC-ITMS.</p> <p>The data has informed the Scientific Opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and their fatty acid esters, and glycidyl fatty acid esters in food adopted by EFSA in 2016.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.