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1,335 results for “oxidative stress”
Reproduction, growth and oxidative stress in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to conventional and biodegradable mulching film microplastics
<p>Dataset on Earthworm (<em>Eisenia andrei</em>) exposed to <span>of low-density polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate biodegradable microplastics (PBAT-BD-MP) originating from mulching films. The study utilized seven concentrations (0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5% w/w) in five replicates. Survival, growth, and oxidative stress responses of the earthworms were analysed after four weeks of exposure. Measured biomarker responses were superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the Integrated Biomarker Response Index (IBR) was conducted to assess the overall oxidative stress status of the earthworms. The number of biomass of the juveniles were recorded after four additional weeks. The total length of the experiment was eight weeks. Soil water holding capacity (WHC) was analysed in the beginning of the experiment and soil pH in the beginning and end of the experiment. The study was conducted at the Finnish Environment Institute (Syke) Under project PAPILLONS (EU Horizon). </span></p>
Fig. 3 in Fluctuating asymmetry and oxidative stress indicate environmental stress of Cane toads Rhinella marina
Fig. 3. Antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress of R. marina. a) SOD activity, b) Total antioxidant capacity units are Trolox nmol, c) Lipid peroxidation. Different letters show different means.
Fig. 2 in Fluctuating asymmetry and oxidative stress indicate environmental stress of Cane toads Rhinella marina
Fig. 2. а) Spatial conformation of landmarks to testing FA of the body of toads that consisted of 22 landmarks, where landmarks 1 and 12 were located on axis of the symmetry. b) The Procrustes consensus for all original and reflected configurations, being perfectly symmetric. c) The fluctuating asymmetry is shown as the difference between the averages of all original and reflected configurations (black dots). For comparison, the plot shows the overall symmetric (grey dots) and asymmetric Procrustes consensus and reflects variation of landmarks in left and right sides.
Fig. 1 in Fluctuating asymmetry and oxidative stress indicate environmental stress of Cane toads Rhinella marina
Fig. 1. Traits measured for fluctuating asymmetry assessment of the toad R. marina. Radius-Ulna (RU), Humerus (Hu), Femur (F), Tibia-Fibula (TF), Tarsal, Metatarsal, Phalange (TMPh 1,2,3,4,5), Abdomen (Ab), Head (He). We measured the distance from the right side (Rw) and left side (Lw).
Differential Proteomics of Placentas Revels Metabolic Disturbance and Oxidative Stress Participate Spontaneous Abortion during Late Pregnancy in Yak
<p>Supplementary tables used for a article titled "Differential Proteomics of Placentas Revels Metabolic Disturbance and Oxidative Stress Participate Spontaneous Abortion during Late Pregnancy in Yak"</p>
Neutrophil-mediated oxidative stress and albumin structural damage predict COVID-19-associated mortality
<p>This work reports that COVID-19-induced oxidative stress inflicts structural damages to human serum albumin (HSA) and is linked with mortality outcome in critically ill patients. Analyzing blood samples from patients and healthy individuals, the paper provides evidence that neutrophils are major sources of oxidative stress in blood and that hydrogen peroxide is highly accumulated in plasmas of non-survivors. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of spin-labeled fatty acids (SLFAs) bound with HSA in whole blood of control, survivor, and non-survivor subjects (n=10–11) were analyzed to probe structural damages to the protein. Non-survivors' HSA showed dramatically altered biophysical parameters that reflect remarkably fluid protein microenvironments. Following loading/unloading of 16-DSA, the results show that the transport function of HSA may be impaired in severe patients. Stratified at the means, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that lower values of S/W ratio and accumulated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in plasma significantly predicted in-hospital mortality.</p>
Maintenance of phenotypic plasticity is linked to oxidative stress in spadefoot toad larvae
<p class="MsoNormal">Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to improve the match between their phenotype and heterogeneous environments. Theoretical models have argued that costs of maintaining the sensory and response machinery necessary for adaptive phenotypic plasticity are important determinants to the evolution of plasticity. Despite recurrent arguments invoking putative metabolic costs associated with maintenance of cellular machinery, no studies have yet attempted to quantify it from a molecular standpoint. Here we experimentally examine physiological differences across genotypes (sibships) of spadefoot toad larvae with different degrees of plasticity in response to predator cues. We observed marked differences across sibships in developmental, growth and morphological responses to predators, and tested whether increased plasticity was associated with oxidative stress or immune suppression. We observed that more plastic sibships experienced higher antioxidant enzymatic activity when reared in the absence of predator cues, i.e. not expressing their plastic responses. The degree of plasticity was also associated with higher lipid peroxidation and slightly greater granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. Higher antioxidant activity in highly plastic sibships suggests that maintenance of phenotypic plasticity may be linked to energy demanding metabolic processes. Our findings suggest that having the potential to produce plastic responses may incur oxidative and immunological costs. In the long term, such maintenance costs may erode individual fitness and even constrain the evolution of plasticity. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence indicating the existence of a physiological cost to the maintenance of phenotypic plasticity.</p>
Data for Rates of warming impact oxidative stress in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p><span>Potentially negative effects of thermal variation on physiological functions may be modulated by compensatory responses, but their efficacy depends on the timescale of phenotypic adjustment relative to the rate of temperature change. Increasing temperatures in particular can affect mitochondrial bioenergetics and rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our aim was to test whether different rates of temperature increase impact mitochondrial bioenergetics and modulate oxidative stress. We exposed zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) to warming from 20 to 28°C over 3, 6, 24, or 48 h, and compared these to a control group that was kept at constant 20°C. Fish exposed to the fastest (3 h) and slowest (48 h) rates of warming had significantly higher rates of H2O2 production relative to the control treatment, and the proportion of O2 converted to H2O2 (H2O2/O2 ratio) was significantly greater in these groups. However, ROS production was not paralleled by differences in mitochondrial substrate oxidation rates, leak respiration rates, or coupling (respiratory control ratios). Increased rates of ROS production did not lead to damage of proteins or membranes, which may be explained by a moderate increase in catalase activity at the fastest, but not the slowest rate of warming. The increase in ROS production at the slowest rate of heating indicates that even seemingly benign environments may be stressful<span>. </span>Understanding how animals respond to different rates of temperature change is important, because the rate<span> </span>determines the time period for phenotypic adjustments and it also alters the environmental<span> </span>thermal signal that triggers compensatory pathways.</span></p>
Molecular and biochemical markers of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle
<p>Dataset of experimental animal study involved high-intensity interval training and molecular aspects of skeletal muscle.</p>
Data from: Inter-generational costs of oxidative stress: reduced fitness in daughters of mothers that experienced high levels of oxidative damage during reproduction
<p>Parental condition transfer effects occur when the parents' physiological state during reproduction affects offspring performance. Oxidative damage may mediate such effects, yet evidence that oxidative damage experienced by parents during reproduction negatively affects offspring fitness is scarce and limited to early life stages. We show in Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>) that maternal levels of oxidative damage, measured during reproduction, negatively predict the number of offspring produced by daughters. This maternal effect on the daughter's reproductive success was mediated by an effect on hatching success, rather than the number of eggs laid by daughters. We also observed a negative association between the father's oxidative damage levels and the number of eggs laid by daughters, but a positive association between the father's oxidative damage levels and the hatching success of these eggs. These opposing paternal effects cancelled each other out, resulting in no overall effect on the number of offspring produced by daughters. No significant association between a female's own level of oxidative damage during reproduction and her reproductive success was observed. Our results suggest that oxidative damage experienced by parents may be a better predictor of an individual's reproductive performance than oxidative damage experienced by the individual itself. Although the mechanisms underlying these parental condition transfer effects are currently unknown, changes in egg composition or (epi-)genetic alterations of gametes may play a role. These findings highlight the importance of an inter-generational perspective when quantifying costs of physiological stress.</p>
Methodological confounds of measuring urinary oxidative stress in wild animals
<p>Biomarkers of oxidative stress (OS) are useful in addressing a wide range of research questions, but thus far, they have had limited application to wild mammal populations due to a reliance on blood or tissue sampling. A shift towards non-invasive measurement of OS would allow field ecologists and conservationists to apply this method more readily. However, the impact of methodological confounds on urinary OS measurement under field conditions has never been explicitly investigated. We combined a cross-sectional analysis with a field experiment to assess the impact of four potential methodological confounds on OS measurements: 1) time of sampling, 2) environmental contamination from foliage; 3) delay between sample collection and flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen; 4) sample storage of up to 15 months below -80C. We measured DNA oxidative damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and uric acid (UA) in 167 urine samples collected from wild Zanzibar red colobus (Piliocolobus kirkii). We found that MDA was higher in samples collected in the morning than in the afternoon but there were no diurnal patterns in any of the other markers. Contamination of samples from leaf surfaces and time frozen at -80°C for up to 15 months did not affect OS marker concentrations. Freezing delay did not affect OS levels cross-sectionally, but OS values from individual samples showed only moderate to good consistency and substantial rank order reversals when exposed to different freezing delays. We recommend that the impact of storage time on OS marker concentrations and diurnal patterns of OS markers be considered when designing sampling protocols. However, given the high stability we observed for four OS markers subject to a variety of putative methodological confounds, we suggest that urinary OS markers provide a valuable addition to the toolkit of field ecologists and conservationists within reasonable methodological constraints.</p>
Histopathological, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage Assessment in the Vas Deferens Tissue of the Freshwater Leech Erpobdella johanssoni (Johansson, 1927) Following BTEX Exposure
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JM-20 administration to animals with lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway induced by 6-hydroxydopamine, partially reverses motor damage and oxidative stress
<p><strong><span>Abstract</span></strong></p> <p><span>Previous studies have shown that JM-20, a new chemical hybrid molecule, protects against rotenone and 6-hydroxydopamine <span>(6-OHDA)</span> neurotoxicity. Also, we demonstrated that JM-20 blocks the formation of toxic alpha-synuclein aggregated species and <em><span>aminochrome </span></em>cytotoxicity. The present study sought to determine the neuroprotective property of JM-20 in animals with a partial <span>lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway induced by 6-OHDA </span>. For <em><span>in vivo</span></em> studies, adult male Wistar rats were lesioned in the right <em><span>substantia nigra pars compacta</span></em> (SNpc) upon the administration of 6-OHDA. Fifteen days after surgery, the animal’s asymmetry levels were assessed. Those with asymmetry values higher than 50% were divided into two groups: animals that did not receive any treatment and those that were administered with JM-20 (40 mg/kg, intragastric via gavage) for 27 days. Every seven days, the asymmetry values of the animals were analyzed until day 42 after the surgery. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and the SNpc and striatum were taken out for the analysis of oxidative stress. Our results reveal a behavioral function progressively recovered in the JM-20-treated animals, diminishing the percentage of motor asymmetry. Also, it ameliorates the oxidative stress in the SNpc and the striatal tissue of these animals. Our study provides the preclinical evidence to support the long term neuroprotective potential of JM-20 in 6-OHDA hemiparkinson's rat model, pointing out to its possible use as a disease-modifying agent in PD.</span></p>
Fig. 3 in Exogenous application of polyamines alleviates water stress-induced oxidative stress of Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck
Fig. 3. Effects of foliar application of spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) on A: CAT and B: SOD activities of Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck leaves grown under water stress (50% FC) or non-stress (100% FC) conditions. Columns had different letters are significantly differ from each other according to Duncan multiple range test at P = 0.05 (n = 8).
Fig. 2 in Exogenous application of polyamines alleviates water stress-induced oxidative stress of Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck
Fig. 2. Effects of foliar application of spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) on A: proline content, B: H2O2 content, C: MAD content and D: MSI (%) of Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck leaves grown under water stress (50% FC) or non-stress (100% FC) conditions. Columns had different letters are significantly differ from each other according to Duncan multiple range test at P = 0.05 (n = 8).
Fig. 1 in Exogenous application of polyamines alleviates water stress-induced oxidative stress of Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck
Fig. 1. Effects of foliar application of spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) on A: relative water content (RWC %), B: stomatal conductance and C: total chlorophyll content of Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck plant grown under water stress (50% FC) or nonstress (100% FC) conditions.Columns had different letters are significantly differ from each other according to Duncan multiple range test at P = 0.05 (n = 8).
Data from: Male stress response is related to ornamentation but not resistance to oxidative stress in a warbler
1. Ornaments are thought to honestly signal individual quality to potential mates. Individual quality may include the ability to cope with stress through the production of glucocorticoids (GCs), which help to redirect resources from growth or reproduction to survival during an acute stress response. However, elevated levels of GCs may also increase oxidative stress and reduce immune function. Thus, an important question is whether high quality individuals, with more elaborate ornaments, signal their ability to produce a strong stress response and mitigate some of the negative effects of doing so through higher resistance to oxidative stress. 2. We tested whether ornamentation and resistance to oxidative stress were related to the magnitude of the increase in corticosterone (CORT), the main GC in birds, during an acute stress response in common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas). Males in this species have two plumage ornaments, a black (eumelanin-based) facial mask and a yellow (carotenoid-based) bib. We measured the increase in CORT in response to capture and handling. 3. Males with more elaborate ornaments (larger masks and more colourful bibs) had a greater increase in CORT during an acute stress response. However, the increase in CORT was not related to resistance to oxidative stress. 4. These results suggest that both melanin- and carotenoid-based plumage ornaments can signal the ability of a male to cope with stressors through a greater increase in CORT. Thus, the association between ornamentation and stress induced CORT is not likely due to a mechanism specific to a particular colour (melanin or carotenoid), but instead may result from more general interactions between CORT and health or condition.
Data from: Heritability, environmental effects, and genetic and phenotypic correlations of oxidative stress resistance-related enzyme activities during early life stages in Atlantic salmon
Oxidative stress (OS) may pose important physiological constraints on individuals, affecting trade-offs between growth and reproduction or ageing and survival. Despite such evolutionary and ecological importance, the results from studies on the magnitude of individual variation in OS resistance and the underlying causes of this variation such as genetic, environmental, and maternal origins, remain inconclusive. Using a high throughput methodology, we investigated the activity levels in three OS resistance-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione S-transferase, GST) during the early life stages of 1000 individuals from 50 paternal half-sib families in two populations of Atlantic salmon. Using animal mixed models, we detected the presence of narrow-sense heritability for SOD and GST; that for GST differed between populations due to differences in environmental variance. We found support for the presence of common environmental variation, including maternal effects, for only GR. Using a bivariate animal model, we detected a positive environmental correlation between activity levels of SOD and GST but were unable to detect an additive genetic correlation. Our results complement previous heritability findings for levels of reactive oxygen species or OS resistance by demonstrating the presence of heritability for OS-related enzyme activities. Our findings provide a foundation for future work, such as investigations on the evolutionary importance of variation in enzyme activities. In addition, our findings emphasise the importance of accounting for developmental stage, environmental variance, and kin relationships when investigating the OS-response at the enzyme activity level.
Habitat instability and oxidative stress
<p>In many animal societies, dominant individuals have priority access to resources. However, defending high rank can be costly too, especially in unstable social hierarchies where there is more intense competition. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential cost of social dominance but few studies have examined this cost in relation to social stability. We studied the cost of social dominance in the cichlid fish <i>Astatotilapia burtoni</i> by manipulating social stability among males in replicate naturalistic communities. We found that dominant males experienced increased plasma oxidative damage compared to subordinate males in stable hierarchies only. Subordinate males in unstable hierarchies had higher plasma oxidative damage than their stable community counterparts, but we found no effect of stability treatment for dominant males. However, dominant males tended to have lower liver total antioxidant capacity (TAC) than subordinate males in unstable hierarchies, suggesting that the cost of social dominance is higher in unstable hierarchies. There was no other effect of status in tissue (liver, gonad, muscle) and various redox markers including TAC, NADPH-oxidase activity, and DNA damage. We conclude that the stability of the social environment influences the relative cost of social dominance in a tissue and marker specific manner. </p>
Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Stress in a Sample of Patients Recruited in a Dietary Center in a Southern University Hospital: A Retrospective Study
<p><em>Background and objectives</em>: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol consumption on oxidative stress. <em>Materials and Methods</em>: The study was conducted by analyzing the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance after the administration of ethanol in 25% aqueous solution (<em>v</em>/<em>v</em>) at a concentration of 0.76 g/kg of body weight daily in two doses for 3 days. The changes in oxidative stress indices were investigated by standard methods previously described. <em>Results</em>: Ethanol administration has determined a significant increase in plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), malonilaldehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSH), and a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSH ratio. <em>Conclusions</em>: In the proposed experimental condition, the excessive and repeated consumption of ethanol causes oxidative damage, as shown by the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance, which, at least in part, are responsible for the harmful effects of excess ethanol.</p>
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