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142 results for “paraphyly”
FIGURE 15 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 15. Type localities for species of Pseudohomaloptera. Asterisk represents the type species of the genus.
FIGURE 12 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 12. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of preserved Balitoropsis bartschi, USNM 107963 (holotype), 76.0 mm SL, Waterfall stream on Kao Chong, Trang Province, Thailand. Photos by Sandra Raredon, USNM, Ichthyology Division.
FIGURE 13 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 13. Type localities for species of Balitoropsis. Asterisk represents the type species of the genus. The type locality for B. ophiolepis shares one of the type localities for B. zollingeri (Bandung, Java).
FIGURE 11 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 11. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of preserved Balitoropsis zollingeri, UF 166094, 52.1 mm SL, Air Ogan, Sumatera Selatan Province, Sumatra, Indonesia.
FIGURE 10 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 10. Type localities for species of Homalopterula. Asterisk represents the type species of the genus.
FIGURE 6 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 6. Type localities for species of Homaloptera. Asterisk represents the type species of the genus.
FIGURE 5 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 5. Oral morphology of (A) Homaloptera cf. ocellata, UF 161718, 64.1 mm SL; (B) Homalopteroides wassinkii, UMMZ 155660, 46.2 mm SL; (C) Homalopterula ripleyi, ANSP 188908, 43.1 mm SL; (D) Balitoropsis zollingeri, UF 166094, 52.1 mm SL; (E) Pseudohomaloptera tatereganii, RMNH 7632 (holotype), 64.6 mm SL; (F) Ghatsa montana, (holotype) CAS- SU 39871, 46.4 mm SL. Abbreviations: CF, central furrow; FL, fleshy lobe; FP, fleshy pad; LJ, lower jaw; LL, lower lip; LRB, lateral-rostral barbel; MB, maxillary barbel; MRB, medial-rostral barbel; RC, rostral cap; UJ, upper jaw; UL, upper lip.
FIGURE 2 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 2. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of preserved Homaloptera ocellata, UF 161718, 64.1 mm SL, Way Seputhi, Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia.
FIGURE 9 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 9. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of preserved Homalopterula ripleyi, ANSP 188908, 43.1 mm SL, Kampung Bassam, Sumatera Utara Province, Sumatra, Indonesia.
FIGURE 8 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 8. Type localities for species of Homalopteroides. Asterisk represents the type species of the genus.
FIGURE 1 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 1. Balitorid phylogeny based on Bayesian analysis of RAG1 with support values indicated at the branch lengths (PP/ BS). Posterior probability values ≥ 0.95 and bootstrap support ≥ 90 are represented by an asterisk (*). Posterior probability and bootstrap support less than 50 are represented by a hyphen (-).Type species are in bold. A) Balitoridae; B) Gastromyzontinae; C) Balitorinae; D) Homalopteroidini; E) Balitorini.
FIGURE 7 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 7. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of preserved Homalopteroides wassinkii, UMMZ 155660, 46.2 mm SL, Tjisokan, Java, Indonesia.
FIGURE 4 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 4. Scale sizes and keel patterns of predorsal region: Large, and keeled scales, (A) Balitoropsis zollingeri, UF 166094, 52.1 mm SL; (B) Pseudohomaloptera tatereganii, RMNH 7632 (holotype), 64.6 mm SL. Large, and wart-like/keeled scales (C) Homalopteroides wassinkii, UF 183330, 43.6 mm SL. Medium, and keeled scales, (D) Homaloptera cf. ocellata, UF 161718, 64.1 mm SL. Small, and smooth scales, (E) Homalopterula ripleyi, ANSP 188908, 43.1 mm SL; (F) Ghatsa montana, CAS-SU 39871 (holotype), 46.6 mm SL. Scale bar represents 1 mm. Left side of photo is anterior.
FIGURE 3 in On the paraphyly of Homaloptera (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and description of a new genus of hillstream loaches from the Western Ghats of India
FIGURE 3. Lateral views of living (A) Homaloptera orthogoniata, not cataloged, Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Strong reddish tints on body likely breeding colors; (B) Homalopteroides smithi, UF 235740, 45.0 mm SL, Khlong Tasae, Salui Subdistrict, Chumphon, Thailand; (C) Homalopterula cf. ripleyi, not cataloged, Sumatra, Indonesia; (D) Balitoropsis zollingeri, not cataloged, Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia; (E) Pseudohomaloptera leonardi, UF 235735, 34.2 mm SL, Ta Pi River, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Photos (A) & (D) by Renny Hadiaty. Photo (C) by Daniel Lumbantobing. Specimens not to scale.
Figure 1. Cavitary marine nematodes. A in Paraphyly of Marimermithida refines primary routes of transition to parasitism in roundworms
Figure 1. Cavitary marine nematodes. A, Marimermis maritima: 1, live specimens exposed in open host, sea urchin Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus; 2, 3, cephalic end apically and laterally, respectively, scanning electron microphotograph; pharyngeal gland outlets on lips, abundant irregular somatic setae; 4, generalized anterior ends juxtaposed in M. maritima [modified from Tchesunov (1997a)] and Thoracostomopsis barbata (Enoplida: Thoracostomopsidae) [modified from Lorenzen (1994)]. B, Aborjinia sp.: 1, juvenile occupying introvert of Priapulus caudatus (photograph courtesy of Dr A. S. Maiorova, NSCMB FEB RAS); 2, generalized anterior ends juxtaposed in Aborjinia sp. and Leptosomatum sp. (Enoplida: Leptosomatidae); 3, anterior body with two-celled ventral secretory-excretory gland, a distinctive genus feature [redrawn and modified from Miljutin (2003)]. C, Nematimermis enopliƲora: 1, two mature parasitoid individuals within host body of nematode Enoplus communis (Enoplida: Enoplidae); 2, 3, anterior body and head of immature parasitoid retrieved from body cavity of E. communis; 4, 5, anterior and tail regions of mature parasitoid from E. communis; trophosome resorbed, embryos with larval stylet inside egg cases, nested retained exuvia (old moulted cuticles) [all drawings modified from Tchesunov & Spiridonov (1993)]. (See also Fig. S1.) Key: a, amphid; emb ova, embryonated eggs; ep g, epidermal glands; ils, inner labial sensilla; ols + cs, joint crown of outer labial and cephalic setae; paras ind, parasitoid individuals; ph g, pharyngeal glands; ph t, pharyngeal tube; ss, somatic setae; stylet, spear-shaped armature; tr, trophosome; vgc, ventral gland cells.
Figure 2 in Paraphyly of Marimermithida refines primary routes of transition to parasitism in roundworms
Figure 2. Bayesian tree of Nematoda based on concatenated rDNA data. Gene sampling maximizes the available coverage of SSU, 5.8S and LSU genes (accession IDs for each taxon correspond either to individual genes available, full cistrons or eDNA samples). The data covers the three major clades (Enoplia, Dorylaimia and Chromadoria), with extended sampling of marine Enoplia, and a selection of representative host-associations (in bold) for the clades. Parasitism-relevant life traits are mapped as pictograms, explained in the legend and addressed in the following discussion section. Traits apply either to a particular sampled species or more broadly to the subclade it represents (according to general knowledge of typical large subclades). Pictogram series denote the co-occurrence of traits either within subclade or individual life cycle. The habitat is colour-coded to generally typify subclades (e.g. as per Holterman et al., 2019), blue – marine; yellow – brackish/ limnic/terrestrial. Marine animal parasites/associates are listed in dark blue, brackish/limnic/terrestrial in red, while plant parasites/associates are shown in green. Nodes mismatched in BI and ML topologies are unlabelled. Otherwise, labels contain BI posterior probabilities (left) and ML bootstrap support (right). Values <0.7/70 are replaced with dashes (–). Bipartitions with support>0.95/95 dotted (●). BI posterior probabilities are calculated across GTR+Г parameter space in 3 M generations, ML bootstrap support estimated under GTR+F+G16 model in 100 replicates. NCBI accessions appended to taxon names, original sequences and assemblies marked with asterisk (*). Scale bar: substitutions per site. See also Supporting Information, Figure S2 (for an ML tree) and Supporting Information, Table S1 (for details on gene sampling, data origin and accession IDs).
Phylogenomics in the hard pines (Pinus subsection Ponderosae; Pinaceae) confirms paraphyly in Pinus ponderosa, and places Pinus jeffreyi with the California big cone pines
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Data from: Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data in haematophagous flies support the paraphyly of the genus Stomoxys (Diptera: Muscidae)
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Data from: Testing hypotheses of mitochondrial gene-tree paraphyly: unraveling mitochondrial capture of the Streak-breasted Scimitar Babbler (Pomatorhinus ruficollis) by the Taiwan Scimitar Babbler (P. musicus)
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Data from: Platyzoan paraphyly based on phylogenomic data supports a non-coelomate ancestry of Spiralia
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