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Figure 8 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)

Figure 8. Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n., pupa. A Ventral view of head B ventral view of cocoon-cutter C frons D lateral view of head E lateral view of cocoon-cutter F dorsal of sixth abdominal tergum G spines on sixth abdominal tergum H lateral view of spines on seventh abdominal tergum I view of abdominal tip Į dorsal view of A9–10 K lateral seta on sixth abdominal tergum L ventral view of A9–10. Scale bars 100 µm.

Figure 6 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)

Figure 6. Phyllocnistis tropaeolicola sp. n., genitalia. A Male, ventral view B right valva, mesal view C aedeagus D female, lateral view E ventral view of terminal segments. (Scale bar 0.5 mm except for figure B, 0.25 mm.)

Figure 2 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)

Figure 2. Adults of three new Phyllocnistis species from Costa Rica. A Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n., holotype female B P. maxberryi sp. n., holotype female (abdomen removed for dissection) C P. tropaeolicola sp. n., holotype male.

Figure 10 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)

Figure 10. Life history of Phyllocnistis drimiphaga sp. n. A Leaf mines on abaxial side of leaf surface, white square enclosing early mine, arrow pointing to pupal cocoon fold B close-up view of early mine, arrow pointing to egg shell remains C same as figure B, but showing frass pattern (photo taken with sunlight projecting through the leaf from behind) D nearly mature old mine on adaxial side E nearly mature old mine on abaxial side (photo taken from adaxial side) F opened mine showing mature sapfeeding larva in situ G opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning larva in situ H pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine I opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ (dorsal view) Į protruded and attached pupal shell (arrow) on pupal cocoon fold of an abaxial leaf mine K opened pupal cocoon fold on adaxial mine showing Ageniaspis cocoons in situ.

Figure 1 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)

Figure 1. Habitats and larval host plants of Phyllocnistis species. A Cerro de la Muerte, Villa Mills region, 3000 m and below, in Cordillera de Talamanca B Volcán Barva, ALAS transect, 2000 m, in Braulio Carillo National Park C habitat of P. drimiphaga in Cerro de la Muerte, km 70 Pan-American Hwy, road to El Paraíso del Quetzal, 2700 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found D young stem shoots and leaves of Drimys granadensis of C, growing from base of the tree E flowers and leaves of D. granadensis F habitat of P. maxberryi in Cerro de la Muerte, km 95 Pan-American Hwy, trail front of La Georgina in Villa Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found G young growth of Gaiadendron punctatum in front, and mature trees with yellow fruits in behind, at ALAS transect in Vara Blanca, 2000 m H habitat of P. tropaeolicola in Cerro de la Muerte, on km 95 Pan-American Hwy, near La Gegina in Mills, 3100 m, arrow pointing to host plant where mines were found I Tropaeolum emarginatum, details of host plants that are shown in H.

Figure 12 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)

Figure 12. Life history of Phyllocnistis tropaeolicola sp. n. A Leaf mines on a young leaf, arrows pointing at young to middle instar larvae B mature leaf mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow), white square enclosing early stage mine region C mature sap-feeding larva in pre-cocoon chamber D detailed view of figure C E opened mine showing nearly mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoon-spinning instar in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing to the slender exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsolateral view.

Figure 11 in Systematics, host plants, and life histories of three new Phyllocnistis species from the central highlands of Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae, Phyllocnistinae)

Figure 11. Life history of Phyllocnistis maxberryi sp. n. A Leaf mines on young growing Gaiadendron shoot B mature mine with pupal cocoon fold (arrow) C nearly mature mine and mature sap-feeding larva (left arrow), and oviposition location (right arrow) D close-up view of mature sap-feeding larva E opened mine showing mature sap-feeding larva in situ F opened young pupal cocoon fold showing cocoonspinning larva in situ G pupal cocoon fold, arrow pointing at thinner pupal exit H opened pupal cocoon fold showing pupa in situ, dorsal view I pupa in situ, lateral view.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Fig. 7. Begonia acetosella Craib. A. Plant habit. B – C. Leaf variation. D. Female bud. E. Female flower. F in A revision and one new species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) in Northeast India

Fig. 7. Begonia acetosella Craib. A. Plant habit. B – C. Leaf variation. D. Female bud. E. Female flower. F. Reverse of flower. G. Styles. Photographs by Rebecca Camfield of a plant in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (accession 19980065).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Food niche of Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) fulvofasciata Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Brazilian savannah: the importance of oil-producing plant species as pollen sources

Figure 2. Estimated number of pollen types in each study area using extrapolation curves. ESP: Ecological Station of Panga, MG and SPSCN: State Park of Serra de Caldas Novas, GO.

Figure 3 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 3. Rates of development of Utetheisa ornatrix larvae on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria in Florida and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) partial development of larvae on the native C. rotundifolia versus exotic C. lanceolata; (B, C) partial development of larvae on the native C. pumila versus exotic C. lanceolata; (D, E) development of larvae on the exotic C. spectabilis/retusa versus exotic C. lanceolata; (F) development of larvae on C. incana (native to U. ornatrix range in the Neotropics, but introduced to Florida) versus exotic C. lanceolata. (F – based on data from Sourakov and Locascio 2013).

Figure 4 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 4. Fore wing size of Utetheisa ornatrix raised on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) Fore wing size of

Figure 2 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 2. (A) Understorey of the Florida hammock habitat occupied with invasive exotic Crotalaria spectabilis; (B) a clearing in a secondary Florida habitat, overgrown with exotic Crotalaria pallida; (C, D) mature larvae of U. ornatrix prefer pods of C. spectabilis over leaves; (E) carpenter ants are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries of C. lanceolata; (F, G) larva of U. ornatrix on C. pumila and a pod destroyed by it; (H) mature larva of U. ornatrix inside a pod of C. incana; (I, J) pods of C. pallida are numerous and large and provide ample food and shelter for U. ornatrix; (K) empty pods of C. spectabilis in December with all of their seeds consumed by U. ornatrix larvae; (L) in December, C. retusa becomes the preferred hostplant of U. ornatrix in the C. spectabilis-dominated habitat, when the latter declines; similarly, C. pumila becomes preferred for oviposition in C. lanceolata-dominated habitat; (M) the seeds of C. retusa are well protected by thick walls of the pod; here, a third instar larva is unable to penetrate it; (N) onset of the ultimate instar; (O–Q) prepupa-to-pupa development of U. ornatrix.

Figure 1 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Figure 1. (A) In the wild population of U. ornatrix, adult moth landing on the flower of exotic Crotalaria retusa, Micanopy, Florida; (B) a typical size of a moth from a wild population at Cross Creek, Florida, resulting from larval feeding on C. rotundifolia leaves (top) and its offspring raised in the laboratory on beans of C. spectabilis (bottom) (fore wing length = 20 mm); (C) a single egg batch split in two (experimental and control groups) prior to hatching; (D) hostplant preference test using mature larvae of U. ornatrix inside a tray; (E) differences in pod size and seed volume in six Crotalaria species found in Florida; (F) difference in sprouting rate under similar conditions: native Crotalaria pumila shows much slower sprouting rate than introduced invasive Crotalaria species; (G) upland pine habitat on the University of Florida campus overtaken by thousands of exotic Crotalaria lanceolata plants with a sporadic native C. pumila in the midst (October 2014); (H) U. ornatrix eggs on C. lanceolata; (I) first instar larvae; (J) third instar larva.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

UV-Vis spectral dataset of distillation wastewaters from the production of essential oils of lavender cultivars and other aromatic plant species

<pre>The present database provides a set of 16 ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra characterizing the residual by-products (distillation wastewaters) of the production of essential oils from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and other aromatic plant species, including interspecific hybrids and cultivars.</pre>

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Effects of plant hydraulic traits on the flammability of live fine canopy fuels in 62 Australian plant species

<ol> <li>Plant species vary in how they regulate moisture and this has implications for their flammability during wildfires. We explored how fuel moisture is shaped by variation within six hydraulic traits: saturated moisture content, cell wall rigidity, cell solute potential, symplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance.</li> <li>Using pressure-volume curves, we measured these hydraulic traits distal shoots (i.e. twigs + leaves) in 62 plant species across four wooded communities in south-eastern Australia. For a subset of 30 of those species, we also measured hydraulic traits of twigs using moisture-release curves. Moisture content of fine fuels was then estimated for circumstances typical of fire weather. These projections were made assuming that under the hot, dry, windy conditions typical of large wildfires, leaves and fine twigs would function at internal water pressures close to wilting point (i.e. turgor loss point, TLP). The effect of different moisture contents at TLP on ignition time was then modelled using a fully mechanistic, finite element model of biomass ignition based on standard principles of physical chemistry.</li> <li>We also measured predawn water potential, an indication of plant access to soil water that is influenced by root architecture. These data were used to model how root traits influence fuel moisture and ignition time.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Effects of wind on honeybee and bumblebee foraging behaviour on multiple plant species

Dataset of results used for two publications. It shows the foraging behaviours of honeybees and bumblebees on multiple plant species in different wind speeds,

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Data from: Genetic diversity in widespread species is not congruent with species richness in alpine plant communities

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biodiversity, i.e. ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic diversity represents evolutionary potential and is important for ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, genetic diversity in natural populations is hardly considered in conservation strategies because it is difficult to measure and has been hypothesized to co-vary with species richness. This means that species richness is taken as a surrogate of genetic diversity in conservation planning, though their relationship has not been properly evaluated. We tested whether the genetic and species levels of biodiversity co-vary, using a large-scale and multi-species approach. We chose the high-mountain flora of the Alps and the Carpathians as study systems and demonstrate that species richness and genetic diversity are not correlated. Species richness thus cannot act as a surrogate for genetic diversity. Our results have important consequences for implementing the CBD when designing conservation strategies.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →