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196 results for “pollen morphology”
FIGURE 3. Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. A in Gaultheria stapfiana (Ericaceae), a species to be recognized: insights from morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology
FIGURE 3. Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. A. habit; B. flower; C–D. bracts; E–F. bracteoles; G–H. calyx lobes; I. corolla lobe; J–K. stamens; L. pistil; M. ovule; N–O. ovary (t. s.); P–Q. fruits; R. seeds. — Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B, P = 2 mm; C–H, J–L, N, O = 1 mm; Q = 5 mm (A–R: drawn from S. Panda 30701).
FIGURE 2. Gaultheria hookeri C.B. Clarke. A in Gaultheria stapfiana (Ericaceae), a species to be recognized: insights from morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology
FIGURE 2. Gaultheria hookeri C.B. Clarke. A. habit; B. flower; C–D. bracts; E–G. bracteoles; H–I. calyx lobes; J. corolla lobe; K–L. stamens; M. pistil; N. ovary (t. s.). — Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 2 mm; C–I, K–N = 1 mm; J = 0.5 mm (A–N: drawn from S. Panda 30872, CAL). Drawn by S. Panda.
FIGURE 6. A–B in Gaultheria stapfiana (Ericaceae), a species to be recognized: insights from morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology
FIGURE 6. A–B. Leaf areolar pattern (vein-islets) of Gaulth- FIGURE 7. A–B. Pollen morphology of Gaultheria stapfiana eria stapfiana (A. whole leaf, B. part in 10X); C–D. G. hook- (A. LM in 40X, B. SEM); C–D. G. hookeri (A. LM in 40X, B. eri (A. whole leaf, B. part in 10X); E–F. G. fragrantissima (A. SEM); E–F. G. fragrantissima (A. LM in 40X, B. SEM).
FIGURE 1. Gaultheria stapfiana Airy Shaw. A in Gaultheria stapfiana (Ericaceae), a species to be recognized: insights from morphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology
FIGURE 1. Gaultheria stapfiana Airy Shaw. A. habit; B. flower; C. ovary (t.s.); D–E. bracts; F–G. bracteoles; H. corolla (inside); I–J. calyx lobes; K. corolla lobe; L–M. pistils; N–S. stamens. — Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 2 mm; C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, M = 1 mm; K = 0.5 mm; N–S = 1 mm (A–S: drawn from S. Panda 29906). Drawn by S. Panda.
FIGURE 13 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 13. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia paleacea. A. Spherical pollen grains. B. Triangular pollen grains.
FIGURE 12 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 12. Partial enlarged SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia and Faberia. A. Y. heterophylla. B. F. sinensis.
FIGURE 11 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 11. Partial enlarged SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia. A. Y. simulatrix. B. Y. paleacea.
FIGURE 9 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 9. Partial enlarged SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia. A. Y. japonica. B. Y. rubida.
FIGURE 8 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 8. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Parasyncalathium, Youngia, Nabalus, and Syncalathium. A. P. souliei (equatorial view). B. S. orbiculariforme (polar view). C, D. Y. hastiformis: C. equatorial view; D. polar view. E, F. N. tatarinowii subsp. macrantha: E. equatorial view; F. polar view.
FIGURE 4 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 4. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia. A, B. Y. racemifera: A. equatorial view; B. polar view. C, D. Y. sericea: C. polar view; D. equatorial view. E, F. Y. simulatrix: E. polar view; F. equatorial view.
FIGURE 10 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 10. Partial enlarged SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia. A. Y. cineripappa. B. Y. pilifera.
FIGURE 7 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Ixeridium and Crepidiastrum. A, B. I. dentatum: A. polar view; B. equatorial view. C, D. I. beauverdianum: C. polar view; D. equatorial view. E, F. C. sonchifolium: E. polar view; F. equatorial view.
FIGURE 6 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Crepis, Youngia, and Syncalathium. A. C. bodinieri (polar view). B. Y. erythrocarpa (equatorial view). C. C. hapifera (equatorial view). D. C. bodinieri (equatorial view). E. C. rigescens (polar view). F. S. orbiculariforme (polar view).
FIGURE 5 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Faberia and Youngia. A, B. F. nanchuanensis: A. equatorial view; B. polar view. C, D. F.sinensis: C. equatorial view; D. polar view. E, F. Y. heterophylla: E. equatorial view; F. polar view.
FIGURE 3 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia. A, B. Y. prattii: A. equatorial view; B. polar view. C, D. Y. henryi: C. equatorial view; D. polar view. E, F. Y. wilsonii: E. equatorial view; F. polar view.
FIGURE 2 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 2. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia. A, B. Y. cineripappa: A. equatorial view; B. polar view. C, D. Y. pilifera: C. polar view; D. equatorial view. E, F. Y. paleacea: E. polar view; F. equatorial view.
FIGURE 1 in Pollen morphology of Youngia and six related genera (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) and its systematic significance
FIGURE 1. SEM micrographs of pollen grains of Youngia. A, B. Y. japonica: A. polar view; B. equatorial view. C, D. Y. rosthornii: C. equatorial view; D. polar view. E, F. Y. rubida: E. polar view; F. equatorial view.
The lion's mane: sexual and natural selection on pollen morphology in Taraxacum
<p>Premise of the study: Spiny pollen has evolved independently in multiple entomophilous lineages. Sexual selection may act on exine traits that facilitate male mating success by influencing the transfer of pollen from the anther to the body of the pollinator, while natural selection acts to increase pollen survival. We postulated that relative to sexual congeners, apomictic dandelions undergo relaxed selection on traits associated with male mating success.</p> <p>Methods: We explored sexual selection on exine traits by measuring the propensity for <i>Taraxacum spp.</i> pollen to attach to hairs of flower-visiting bumblebees (<i>Bombus </i>spp.) or flies (Diptera: Syrphidae and Muscoidea), and assessed natural selection by testing whether pollen traits defend against consumption.</p> <p>Key Results: Pollen picked up by bumblebees exhibited a narrower subset of spine spacing phenotypes, consistent with stabilizing selection. Flies picked up larger pollen from flowers than expected at random. Surveys of corbiculae (pollen basket) contents from foraging bumblebees and feces of flies showed that pollen consumed by both kinds of visitors is similar in spine characteristics and size to pollen produced by the donor. When bees visit inflorescences of apomictic <i>T. officinale</i>, they pick up pollen with spine spacing phenotypes above the mean and shifted towards those of sexual <i>T</i>. <i>ceratophorum.</i></p> <p>Conclusions: We demonstrate that traits under sexual selection during pollen pickup vary among pollinators, while natural selection for pollen defense is nil in <i>T. ceratophorum</i>. In hybrid zones between apomictic and sexual dandelions, pollen traits place apomictic donors at a dispersal disadvantage, potentially reinforcing reproductive isolation.</p>
FIGURE 9 in Morphology of pollen in Apiales (Asterids, Eudicots)
FIGURE 9. Traits with the highest importance for pollen identification, continued. Empirical distributions, median and tolerance intervals for quantitative standardised traits. For details, see caption to Fig. 8.
FIGURE 8. Traits with the highest importance for pollen identification. A, C, E in Morphology of pollen in Apiales (Asterids, Eudicots)
FIGURE 8. Traits with the highest importance for pollen identification. A, C, E: Empirical distributions, median and tolerance intervals for quantitative standardised traits. Grey violin plots represent truncated kernel density estimates, i.e., the lower and upper boundaries of a violin plot are empirical min. and max., respectively. White circles stand for sample median. Black bars represent nonparametric tolerance intervals covering at least 80% of the population with 90% confidence. B, D, F: Empirical distributions of qualitative traits. For a given taxon and trait, the radius of each circle is proportional to the fraction of species having a given state of the trait. A sum of the fractions larger than unity indicate the presence of polymorphic species within a given taxon. Trait symbols are the same as in Fig. 6 and in the text.
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