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360 results for “population ecology”
Fig. 10 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 10. Habitats near the northern transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), Animas Valley, NW Lordsburg along NM Hwy 70, 2 September 1990. Top. Site 10, looking NNW; creosote desertscrub Bottom. Grassland and abrupt ecotone with creosote desertscrub (in near background), 32.1 km (by road) NW of Lordsburg, looking NNW; site 10 is 0.8 km to the NW.
Fig. 1 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 1. Geographic range of the western whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus tigris sensu lato, in the continental southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Rectangle (SE Arizona and SW New Mexico) outlines the contact region (detailed in figs. 3–5) where C. t. punctilinealis interbreeds with C. t. marmoratus. Numbers designate collecting sites (appendix 2) for specimens additional to those obtained within the contact region (fig. 3; appendix 1).
Fig. 7 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 7. Habitats at collecting sites in the northern transect, Animas Valley, north of Lordsburg (table 2; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), 22 August 1990. Top. Site 3, midpoint of the northern hybrid zone, looking E from NM Hwy 464. Bottom. Site 4, looking NW from NM Hwy 464; mesquite grassland.
Fig. 6 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 6. Habitats at collecting sites in the northern transect, Animas Valley, north of Lordsburg (table 2; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), 22 August 1990. Top. Site 1, looking E from NM Hwy 464; riparian thornscrub. Bottom. Site 2, looking W from NM Hwy 464.
Fig. 11 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 11. Habitats near the northern transect (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), Animas Valley, NW of Lordsburg along NM Hwy 70, 2 September 1990. Top. Grassland about halfway between sites 10 and 13, at 27.9 km (by road) NW Lordsburg, looking N. Bottom. Site 14, looking WSW.
Fig. 4 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 4. The northern hybrid zone, with collecting sites numbered (enlarged from fig. 3). Transect sites are numbers within squares (1–7), but the midpoint (50:50 point of gene exchange) is within a diamond (site 3). Associated sites are numbers in circles (table 2; appendix 1).
Fig. 9 in Hybridization Among Western Whiptail Lizards (Cnemidophorus Tigris) In Southwestern New Mexico: Population Genetics, Morphology, And Ecology In Three Contact Zones
Fig. 9. Habitats at collecting sites in the northern transect and near an associated site, Animas Valley north of Lordsburg (tables 2, 3; figs. 3, 4; appendix 1), 22 August 1990. Top. Site 7, looking W from NM Hwy 464. Bottom. Abrupt ecotone of mesquite grassland and creosote desertscrub (in near background), 5.8 km (by road) W of site 3, looking NW. Site 8 is 0.3 km off the left side of the photo.
Ecological interactions driving population dynamics of two tick-borne pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti
<p><em>Borrelia</em> <em>burgdorferi</em> (<em>Bb</em>) and <em>Babesia</em> <em>microti</em> (<em>Bm</em>) are vector-borne zoonotic pathogens commonly found co-circulating in <em>Ixodes</em> <em>scapularis</em> and <em>Peromyscus</em> <em>leucopus</em> populations. The restricted distribution and lower prevalence of <em>Bm</em> has been historically attributed to lower host-to-tick transmission efficiency and limited host ranges. We hypothesized that prevalence patterns are driven by coinfection dynamics and vertical transmission. We use a multi-year, multiple-location, longitudinal dataset with mathematical modelling to elucidate coinfection dynamics between <em>Bb</em> and <em>Bm</em> in natural populations of <em>P. leucopus</em>, the most competent reservoir host for both pathogens in the eastern USA. Our analysis indicates that, in the absence of vertical transmission, <em>Bb</em> is viable at lower tick numbers than <em>Bm</em>. However, with vertical transmission, Bm is viable at lower tick numbers than <em>Bb</em>. Vertical transmission has a particularly strong effect on <em>Bm</em> prevalence early in the active season while coinfection has an increasing role during the nymphal peak. Our analyses indicate that coinfection processes, such as facilitation of <em>Bm</em> infection by <em>Bb</em>, have relatively little influence on the persistence of either parasite. We suggest future work examines the sensitivity of <em>Bm</em> vertical transmission and other key processes to local environmental conditions to inform surveillance and control of tick-borne pathogens.</p>
Data from: Species-specific ecological traits, phylogeny, and geography underpin vulnerability to population declines for North American birds
<p>Species declines and extinctions characterize the Anthropocene. Determining species vulnerability to decline, and where and how to mitigate threats, are paramount for effective conservation. We hypothesized that species with shared ecological traits also share threats, and therefore may experience similar population trends. Here, we used a Bayesian modeling framework to test whether phylogeny, geography, and 22 ecological traits predict regional population trends for 380 North American bird species. Groups like blackbirds, warblers, and shorebirds, as well as species occupying Bird Conservation Regions at more extreme latitudes in North America, exhibited negative population trends, while groups such as ducks, raptors, and waders, as well as species occupying more inland Bird Conservation Regions, exhibited positive trends. Specifically, we found that in addition to phylogeny and breeding geography, multiple ecological traits contributed to explaining variation in regional population trends for North American birds. Furthermore, we found that regional trends and the relative effects of migration distance, phylogeny, and geography differ between shorebirds, songbirds, and waterbirds. Our work provides evidence that multiple ecological traits correlate with North American bird population trends, but that the individual effects of these ecological traits in predicting population trends often vary between different groups of birds. Moreover, our results reinforce the notion that variation in avian population trends is controlled by more than phylogeny and geography, where closely-related species within one region can show unique population trends due to differences in their ecological traits. We recommend that regional conservation plans, i.e. one-size-fits-all plans, be implemented only for bird groups with population trends under strong phylogenetic or geographic controls. We underscore the need to develop species-specific research and management strategies for other groups, like songbirds, that exhibit high variation in their population trends and are influenced by multiple ecological traits.</p>
Data from: Wildfire disturbance and ecological cascades: teasing apart the direct and indirect effects of fire on tick populations
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Ecological interactions driving population dynamics of two tick-borne pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti
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Data from: Ecological tradeoffs drive a power-law relationship between group size and population density in social foragers
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Data from: Female-biased population sex ratios caused by genetic rather than ecological mechanisms in dwarf willow (Salix herbacea L.)
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Data from: What ecological factors favor parthenogenesis over sexual reproduction? A study on the facultatively parthenogenetic mayfly Alainites muticus in natural populations
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Data from: Species-specific ecological traits, phylogeny, and geography underpin vulnerability to population declines for North American birds
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Data from: The temporal window of ecological adaptation in postglacial lakes: a comparison of head morphology, trophic position and habitat use in Norwegian threespine stickleback populations
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Time-varying flow-ecology relationships for an endangered fish population: Longfin Smelt in the San Francisco Estuary
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Population Ecology of Banner-Tailed Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2005-2009)
From March 2005-Februaury 2009, a population of banner-tailed kangaroo rats was monitored using mark-recapture methods. All active kangaroo rat mounds on the 18-ha Nunn Flats site were trapped monthly. All captured individuals were marked and reproductive status and mass were recorded. From February to July 2008 a subset of adult females received supplemental food. This dataset was collected to observe the survivorship, reproduction, and dispersal of banner-tailed kangaroo rats in response to changes in resources and density. Both observational and experimental methods were used to observe how ecological constraints affected juvenile dispersal.
Population assessment and foraging ecology of the rare solitary bee Anthophora retusa at Seaford Head Nature reserve
<p><em>Anthophora retusa</em> is a rare solitary bee which has declined throughout Britain and other European countries since the 1990s. It is thought to be restricted to five sites in Britain. However, information on these remaining populations is limited. Knowledge on population size, dispersal distance, habitat and forage requirements are important for successful conservation of species. The population of <em>A. retusa</em> at the Seaford Head Nature reserve in East Sussex was surveyed. Using mark recapture the population was estimated in 2018 and 2019 to be fewer than 200 individuals, with the male population increasing from 47 in 2018 to 167 in 2019. The female population was 44 in 2018 but due to zero recaptures in 2019, no population estimate was possible. Bees seem to be geographically restricted to a 25ha area within the reserve. The most visited flower species by females was <em>Glechoma hederacea </em>(66% of visits) but flower preference changed throughout the flight season, shifting to Fabaceae species and <em>Iris foetidissima</em> with 16 plant groups identified in pollen samples. Although the exact location of nesting sites was not determined with certainty it’s thought they are nesting in the loess deposits at the top of the inaccessible sea cliff face. The average distance between recaptures was 122m, perhaps indicating low dispersal. This project suggests the presence of appropriate nesting sites, potentially soft exposed soil, may be limiting <em>A. retusa</em> distribution as they appear to forage on common plant species. More research is needed on the exact nesting requirements of the species.</p>
How butterflies keep their cool: physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends.
<p>Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change.</p> <p>We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine-scale changes in air temperature, and whether species-specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits.</p> <p>Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine-scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK-wide dataset.</p> <p>We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally.</p> <p>Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine-scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature-sensitive species.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.