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277 results for “regional scale”
Рис. 2–6. ÀетаΛи строения пауков семейства Gnaphosidae. 2 – Gnaphosa cumensis; 3 – G. cf.cumensis; 4 – Haplodrassus rugosus; 5–6 – Zelotes fuscus. 2–4 – паΛьпа самца, вентраΛьно; 5 – эпигина, вентраΛьно; 6 – эпигина, ΑорсаΛьно. Масштабные Λинейки 0.2 мм. Figs 2–6. Family Gnaphosidae, details of structure. 2 – Gnaphosa cumensis; 3 – G. cf. cumensis; 4 – Haplodrassus rugosus; 5–6 – Zelotes fuscus. 2–4 – male palp, ventral view; 5 – epigyne, ventral view; 6 – epigyne, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm. in New data on spiders (Aranei) of the Naurzum State Natural Reserve (Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan)
Рис. 2–6. ÀетаΛи строения пауков семейства Gnaphosidae. 2 – Gnaphosa cumensis; 3 – G. cf.cumensis; 4 – Haplodrassus rugosus; 5–6 – Zelotes fuscus. 2–4 – паΛьпа самца, вентраΛьно; 5 – эпигина, вентраΛьно; 6 – эпигина, ΑорсаΛьно. Масштабные Λинейки 0.2 мм. Figs 2–6. Family Gnaphosidae, details of structure. 2 – Gnaphosa cumensis; 3 – G. cf. cumensis; 4 – Haplodrassus rugosus; 5–6 – Zelotes fuscus. 2–4 – male palp, ventral view; 5 – epigyne, ventral view; 6 – epigyne, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm.
Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by shrubs (all monthly data fields): Part 3
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Data from: Regional-scale disturbances drive long-term decline of inshore coral reef fish assemblages in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
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Genetic and functional variation across regional and local scales is associated with climate in a foundational prairie grass
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Data from: harnessing the power of regional baselines for broad-scale genetic stock identification: a multistage, integrated, and cost-effective approach
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by C3 grass (all monthly data fields): Part 1
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by shrubs (select variables at daily time resolution): Part 4
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Climate model experiments of regional-scale tree die-off replaced by grass (select variables at daily time resolution): Part 2
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The effects of land-use history and the contemporary landscape on non-native plant invasion at local and regional scales in the French Broad Watersheds, 2007
Determining what factors explain the distribution of non-native invasive plants that can spread in forest-dominated landscapes could advance understanding of the invasion process and identify forest areas most susceptible to invasion. The researchers conducted roadside surveys to determine the presence and abundance of 15 non-native plant species known to invade forests in western North Carolina, USA. Prior to sampling, the researchers identified 15 non-native invasive plant species that were of concern in the study region. Generalized linear models were used to examine how contemporary and historic land use, landscape context, and topography influenced presence and abundance of the species at local and regional scales.
Fig. 4 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region
Fig. 4. Cryptinglisia millari Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult female, holotype.
Fig. 5 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region
Fig. 5. Cryptinglisia millari Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult females in life.
Fig. 2 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region
Fig. 2. Coccidohystrix daedalea Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult female, holotype.
Fig. 3 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region
Fig. 3. Mirococcopsis ptilura Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult female (holotype) and primolarva (L1).
Shared geographic histories and dispersal contribute to congruent phylogenies between amphipods and their microsporidian parasites at regional and global scales
<p>In parasites that strongly rely on a host for dispersal, geographic barriers that act on the host will simultaneously influence parasite distribution as well. If their association persists over macroevolutionary time it may result in congruent phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns due to shared geographic histories. Here, we investigated the level of congruent evolutionary history at a regional and global scale in a highly specialised parasite taxon infecting hosts with limited dispersal abilities: the microsporidians <i>Dictyocoela</i> spp. and their amphipod hosts. <i>Dictyocoela</i> can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally and is the most common microsporidian genus occurring in amphipods in Eurasia. However, little is known about its distribution elsewhere. We started by conducting molecular screening to detect microsporidian parasites in endemic amphipod species in New Zealand; based on phylogenetic analyses, we identified nine species-level microsporidian taxa including six belonging to <i>Dictyocoela</i>. With a distance-based cophylogenetic analysis at the regional scale, we identified overall congruent phylogenies between <i>Paracalliope</i>, the most common New Zealand freshwater amphipod taxon, and their <i>Dictyocoela</i> parasites. Also, hosts and parasites showed similar phylogeographic patterns suggesting shared biogeographic histories. Similarly, at a global scale, phylogenies of amphipod hosts and their <i>Dictyocoela</i> parasites showed broadly congruent phylogenies. The observed patterns may have resulted from covicariance and/or codispersal, suggesting that the intimate association between amphipods and <i>Dictyocoela</i> may have persisted over macroevolutionary time. We highlight that shared biogeographic histories could play a role in the codiversification of hosts and parasites at a macroevolutionary scale.</p>
Data from: Effects of roads and land use on frog distributions across spatial scales and regions in the eastern and central United States
Aim: Understanding the scales over which land use affects animal populations is critical for conservation planning, and it can provide information about the mechanisms that underlie correlations between species distributions and land use. We used a citizen-science database of anuran surveys to examine the relationship between road density, land use, and the distribution of frogs and toads across spatial scales and regions of the United States. Location: Eastern and Central United States Methods: We compiled data on anuran occupancy collected from 1999-2013 across 13 states in the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program, a citizen science survey of calling frogs. These data were indexed to measures of land use within buffers ranging from 300 m to 10 km. Results: The negative effects of road density and development on anuran richness were strongest at the smallest scales (300 – 1000 m), and this pattern was consistent across regions. In contrast, the relationships of anuran richness to agriculture and forest cover were similar across local scales but varied among regions. Richness had a negative relationship with agriculture/ forest loss in the Midwest but a positive relationship with agriculture in the Northeast. Anuran richness was more closely related to primary/secondary road density than to rural road density, and the negative effects of larger roads increased at smaller scales. Individual species differed in the scales over which roads and development affected their distributions, but these differences were not closely related to either body size or movement ability. Main conclusions: This study further refines our understanding of the relationship between roads and amphibian populations and highlights the need for research into the specific mechanisms by which roads affect amphibians. Additionally, we find that relationships between land use and species richness can differ substantially across regions, demonstrating that one should use caution in generalizing from one region to another, even when species composition is similar.
Figure 2. - ATruncatoflabellumphoenix, paratypes, USNM 82010, Kermadec Ridge B Truncatoflabellumgippslandicum: upper lateral and edge views, NMV P133990; lower lateral and calicular views, syntype, NMV P27064, Miocene of Gippsland lake region of Victoria C Truncatoflabellumvictoriae, USNM 67962, Muddy Creek, Victoria (Balcombian = Middle Miocene) D Truncatoflabellumdens, USNM 98889, MUSORSTOM 7-569, Vanuatu. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 10 mm (B); 5 mm (C–D).
Figure 2. - ATruncatoflabellumphoenix, paratypes, USNM 82010, Kermadec Ridge B Truncatoflabellumgippslandicum: upper lateral and edge views, NMV P133990; lower lateral and calicular views, syntype, NMV P27064, Miocene of Gippsland lake region of Victoria C Truncatoflabellumvictoriae, USNM 67962, Muddy Creek, Victoria (Balcombian = Middle Miocene) D Truncatoflabellumdens, USNM 98889, MUSORSTOM 7-569, Vanuatu. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 10 mm (B); 5 mm (C–D).
Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances over the European sector during the geomagnetic storm on March 23-24, 2023: energy deposition in the source regions and the propagation characteristics
<p>IMAGE 2D Ionospheric Equivalent Currents for 23 and 24 March 2023 (https://space.fmi.fi/image/). </p> <p><em>We thank the institutes who maintain the IMAGE Magnetometer Array (<a href="https://space.fmi.fi/image/">https://space.fmi.fi/image/</a>): Tromsø Geophysical Observatory of UiT the Arctic University of Norway (Norway), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland), Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany), Geological Survey of Sweden (Sweden), Swedish Institute of Space Physics (Sweden), Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory of the University of Oulu (Finland), DTU Technical University of Denmark (Denmark), and Science Institute of the University of Iceland (Iceland). The provisioning of data from AAL, GOT, HAS, NRA, VXJ, FKP, ROE, BFE, BOR, HOV, SCO, KUL, and NAQ is supported by the ESA contracts number 4000128139/19/D/CT as well as 4000138064/22/D/KS. The authors would like to thank Dr. Liisa Juusola for providing the IMAGE 2D Ionospheric Equivalent Currents data.</em></p>
Tree diversity across multiple scales and environmental heterogeneity promote ecosystem multifunctionality in a large temperate forest region
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Biodiversity across different scales provides multidimensional insurance for ecosystem functioning. Although the positive effects of local scale (α-diversity) biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctionality are widely accepted, species turnover across communities (β-diversity) which is often an important driver of ecosystem functioning did not receive the same attention. This study broadens the understanding of how multiple attributes of biodiversity maintain ecosystem multifunctionality from local to regional scales, across diverse environmental gradients.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: North-eastern China.</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>: 2017.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Woody plants.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We estimate ecosystem multifunctionality using both averaging and modified multiple thresholds (50%, 70% and 90%) approaches. Multiple dimensions of biodiversity across varying spatial scales were measured within the framework of Hill‒Chao numbers. Linear and nonlinear models were used to evaluate the optimal patterns of multifunctionality and biodiversity along the latitude. Using variance decomposition, structural equation modeling and linear mixed models, we explored how multiple attributes of tree diversity at varying spatial scales affect multifunctionality, and how these relationships are modulated by environmental drivers.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Our results show that multifunctionality decreased with increasing latitude, mirroring the pattern of tree diversity along latitudinal gradients. Phylogenetic β-diversity and species α-diversity emerged as crucial diversity indices for sustaining multifunctionality in these temperate forests. Soil and climatic conditions had either direct effects on multifunctionality, or indirect ones mediated by tree diversity. Environmental heterogeneity played a pivotal role in maintaining high levels of multifunctionality, exerting influence both directly and indirectly via phylogenetic β-diversity.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: This study underscores the positive effects of biodiversity on multifunctionality across multiple dimensions. Based on our findings, we conclude that any design of a forested landscape that is aimed at maximizing multifunctionality should consider maintaining high local diversity as well as forest community heterogeneity at varying scales.</p>
Regional and fine-scale local adaptation in salinity tolerance in Daphnia inhabiting contrasting clusters of inland saline waters
<p>Freshwater salinisation is an important threat to biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and the provision of ecosystem services. Therefore, understanding the capacity of species to adapt to salinity gradients is crucial. Clusters of naturally saline habitats represent ideal test cases to study the extent and scale of local adaptation to salinisation. We studied local genetic adaptation of the water flea Daphnia magna, a key component of pond food webs, to salinity in two contrasting landscapes - a dense cluster of sodic bomb crater ponds and a larger-scale cluster of soda pans. We show regional differentiation in salinity tolerance reflecting the higher salinity levels of soda pans versus bomb crater ponds. We found local adaptation to differences in salinity levels at the scale of tens of metres among bomb crater pond populations but not among geographically more distant soda pan populations. The population-level salinity tolerance range was reduced in more saline bomb crater ponds through an upward shift of the minimum salt tolerance observed across clones and a consequent gradual loss of less tolerant clones in a nested pattern. Our results show genetic adaptation to salinity gradients at different spatial scales and fine-tuned local adaptation in neighbouring habitat patches in a natural landscape.</p>
Data from: multidimensional beta-diversity across local and regional scales in a Chinese subtropical forest: the role of forest structure
<p>Beta-diversity, or the spatio-temporal variation in community composition, can be partitioned into turnover and nestedness components in a multidimensional framework. Forest structure, including comprehensive characteristics of vertical and horizontal complexity, strongly affects species composition and its spatial variation. However, the effects of forest structure on beta-diversity patterns in multidimensional and multiple-scale contexts are poorly understood. Here, we assessed beta-diversity at local (a 20-ha forest dynamics plot) and regional (a plot network composed of 19 1-ha plots) scales in a Chinese subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. We then evaluated the relative importance of forest structure, topography, and spatial structure on beta-diversity and its turnover and nestedness components in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions at local and regional scales. We derived forest structural parameters from both unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV LiDAR) data and plot inventory data. Turnover component dominated total beta-diversity for all dimensions at the two scales. With the exception of some components (taxonomic and functional turnover at the local scale; functional nestedness at the regional scale), environmental factors (i.e., topography and forest structure) contributed more than pure spatial variation. Explanations of forest structure for beta-diversity and its component patterns at the local scale were higher than those at the regional scale. The joint effects of spatial structure and forest structure influenced component patterns in all dimensions (except for functional turnover) to some extent at the local scale, while pure forest structure influenced taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness patterns to some extent at the regional scale. Our results highlight the importance and scale dependence of forest structure in shaping multidimensional beta-diversity and its component patterns. Clearly, further studies need to link forest structure directly to ecological processes (e.g., asymmetric light competition and disturbance dynamics) and explore its roles in biodiversity maintenance.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.