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Figure 27. Paradoris erythraeensis, reproductive system. A in A taxonomic revision of Paradoris sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina)
Figure 27. Paradoris erythraeensis, reproductive system. A, general view, CASIZ 099390, scale = 1 mm. B, distal part with two accessory glands and two stylet sacs, CASIZ 099390, scale = 0.45 mm. C, spermatic pouches and ducts, CASIZ 099390, scale = 0.9 mm. D, distal part with two possible stylet sacs (only one sac visible on this side), CASIZ 074477 #2, scale = 0.6 mm. E, distal part with two possible stylet sacs, CASIZ 074477 #2, scale = 0.6 mm. F, general view (only one stylet sac visible), CASIZ 074477 #1, scale = 1.5 mm. G, distal part with two accessory glands and two stylet sacs, CASIZ 074477 #1, scale = 0.9 mm.
Differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict affect post-pollination reproductive isolation in a flowering plant
<p>Mating system shifts from outcrossing to selfing are frequent in plant evolution. Relative to outcrossing, selfing is associated with reduced parental conflict over seed provisioning, which may result in postzygotic, asymmetric, reproductive isolation in crosses between populations of different mating systems. To test the hypothesis that post-pollination reproductive isolation between populations increases with increasing differences in mating system and predicted parental conflict, we performed a crossing experiment involving all combinations of three self-compatible populations (with low outcrossing rates), and three self-incompatible populations (with high outcrossing rates) of the arctic-alpine herb Arabis alpina, assessing fitness-related seed and plant traits of the progeny. Predicted levels of parental conflict ("genome strength") were quantified based on strength of self-incompatibility and estimates of outcrossing rates. Crosses between self-compatible and self-incompatible populations yielded very small seeds of low viability, resulting in strong reproductive isolation. In 14 of 15 reciprocal between-population crosses, seeds were heavier when the paternal plant had the stronger genome, and seed mass differences between cross directions increased with an increased difference in parental conflict. Overall, our results suggest that, when sufficiently large, differences in mating system and hence in expected parental conflict may result in strong post-pollination reproductive barriers contributing to speciation.</p>
Reproduction package for the paper "The Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS): Design, Commissioning, Data Release, and Detection of the first 5 Fast Radio Bursts"
<p>This is a basic reproduction package for the paper "The Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS): Design, Commissioning, Data Release, and Detection of the first 5 Fast Radio Bursts" by van Leeuwen et al. (2023).</p> <p>* arXiv:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12362">arXiv:2205.12362</a><br> * DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244107">10.1051/0004-6361/202244107</a></p> <p> </p>
FIG. 33 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 33. — Callosities in Dorippoidinae n. subfam. (Dorippoides) and Dorippinae n. stat. (Dorippe): A, callosity reduced to a thin calcified band: Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785), ♂ 25.3 × 32.0 mm, Malaysia, Johore, Pontian, ZRC 1991.6672. B, no apparent callosity in male Dorippoides nudipes Manning & Holthuis, 1986, ♂ 16.2 × 19.4 mm, Iran, ZRC 2017.1227. C, callosity as a thick, elongated bulge: Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793), ♂ 39.0 × 41.4 mm, Thailand, Pattani Province, ZRC 2003.0126. D-F, callosity as a hemicircular structure: close-up views from different angles: D, E. Dorippe sinica Chen, 1980. D, ♀ 36.2 × 39.5 mm, China, Guangdong, Nanao Island, ZRC 1999.0470; E, ♂ 36.6 × 38.6 mm, Japan, Kochi, Shikoku, SMF 57855. F, D. frascone (Herbst, 1785), ♂ 29.7 × 31.0 mm, Philippines, Exp. Panglao 2004, ZRC 2008.0076. G, H, callosity as an arched double cup: D. tenuipes Chen, 1980, South China Sea, ZRC 1999.0009: G, ovigerous ♀ 17.3 × 19.6 mm; H, ♂ 13.2 × 14.2 mm. Abbreviations: b, branchiostegite; c, callosity; cx2-cx5, P2-P5 coxae; f, sulcated part of coxa; l, onepiece lateroventral part of coxa; m, membrane; p, pleon; pr, process of retention of female pleonal somite 2; pl6, exposed pleurite 6; P2-P5, pereiopods 2-5; r, rim of carapace posterior margin; s, strip along posterior rim; 1, 2, pleonal somites 1, 2; t, bottom of callosity with special texture; 7, 8, thoracic sternites 7, 8.
FIG. 28. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 28. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986: A-D, ♂ 23.0 × 29.3 mm, Philippines, Bohol Province, ZRC 2016.0240: A, ventral view; B, anterior region; C, thoracic sternum with pleon; D, thoracic sternum, G1. E, ♂ 25.0 × 30.0 mm, Philippines, MUSORSTOM 3, MNHN-IU-2018-5201 (= MNHN-B18913): thoracic sternum, G1 and G2.
FIG. 23. — Medorippinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 23. — Medorippinae n. subfam.: A, B,?Medorippe crosnieri Chen, 1988. Mozambique Channel, MAINBAZA Expedition: A, ♂ 21.1 × 25.9 mm, CP 3132, MNHN-IU-2009-1998, with dimorphic chelipeds; B, young ♂ 12.0 × 15.0 mm, CP 3130, MNHN-IU-2009-1999, with symmetrical chelipeds. Photos courtesy of T.-Y. Chan. C, Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus, 1767), ♂ 23.2 × 28.9 mm, no data, ZRC 2009.0412 (ex MNHN): P2 merus with spinulated dorsal margin; D,?Medorippe crosnieri Chen, 1988, ♂ 21.1 × 25.9 mm, same data as in A (MNHN-IU-2009-1998): P2 merus with smooth dorsal margin. Photographs made by S. Soubzmaigne.
FIG. 37 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 37. — Schematic representation of character mapping of sperm storage organs in the different dorippid subfamilies recognised here (except Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. not studied) and in a typical eubrachyuran: ovary with oocytes; oviduct; cuticular bursae (thin black line), of equal or unequal size; seminal receptacle either bilateral twin- or bilateral single, and either completely cuticular (thin black line) or partially glandular (thick black line). The twin system occurs in Dorippinae n. stat., Dorippoidinae n. subfam., Paradorippinae n. subfam. and Philippidorippinae n. subfam.; the single system occurs in Heikeopsinae n. subfam., Medorippinae n. subfam. and in the typical Eubrachyura (most, see e.g. Ethusidae). Modified from Vehof 2020: figs 20-22).
FIG. 20. — Heikeopsinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 20. — Heikeopsinae n. subfam. Neodorippe callida (Fabricius, 1798): A, young ♂ 10.1 × 10.3 mm, Singapore, Changi Point Beach, ZRC 2018.0445: habitus of young male; B, C, Andaman Sea, Phuket, Thailand, MNHN-IU-2016-10754 (ex ZRC 1998.1116): B, ♀ 14.0 × 15.0 mm, habitus; C, ♂ 13.5 × 14 mm: ventral view. D, E, ♂ 10.1 × 10.3 mm, same data as A, ZRC 2018.0445: D, thoracic sternum with pleon; E, without pleon, G1, press-buttons. F, ♀ 11.2 × 11.5 mm, same data as A, D, E, ZRC 2018.0445: anterior view. G, ♀ 11.2 × 11.5 mm, sama data as B, C, MNHN-IU-2016-10754: vulvae, press-buttons. H, ♀ 11.2 × 11.5 mm, same data as A, D, E, F, ZRC 2018.0445: vulvae.
FIG. 30. — Phyllodorippinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 30. — Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. Phyllodorippe armata (Miers, 1881), ♂ 12.3 × 16.2 mm, Guinean Trawling Survey, ZRC 2009.0413 (ex MNHN-B24202): A, both chelae; B, thoracic sternum and pleon; C, thoracic sternum without pleon; D, G1 and press-buttons.
FIG. 19. — Heikeopsinae n. subfam. A-D in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 19. — Heikeopsinae n. subfam. A-D, Heikeopsis japonica (von Siebold, 1824): A, ♂ 22.5 × 24.3 mm, Japan, Tokushima, SMF 57856: habitus; B, ♀ 23.5 × 26.7 mm, Japan, Chaffanjon, MNHN-IU-2000-4091 (= MNHN-B4091): habitus; C, ♂ 25.0 × 27.3 mm, same data as B: ventral view; D, ♂ 24.2 × 25.4 mm, same data as B and C: thoracic sternum and pleon. E, F,?Heikeopsis aff. japonica, China, seas off Qingdao, ZRC 2002.0491: habitus: E, ♂ 21.9 × 24 mm; F, ♀ 23.4 × 26.4 mm.
FIG. 25. — Paradorippinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 25. — Paradorippinae n. subfam. Paradorippe granulata (De Haan, 1841): A, C, E, ♂ 24.0 × 26.0 mm, China, Tuandao, off Quingdao, MNHN-IU-2016-10753. B, D, ♂ 23.6 × 27.3 mm, NE Taiwan, I-Lan county, ZRC 2001.0014; A, chelae; B, thoracic sternum and pleon; C, D, thoracic sternum without pleon, with G1, G2 and press-buttons; E, G1 and G2 in situ.
FIG. 27. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 27. — Philippidorippinae n. subfam. Philippidorippe philippinensis Chen, 1986, Philippines, Bohol Province, ZRC 2016.0240: A, ♂ 23.0 × 29.3 mm: habitus; B-D, ovigerous ♀ 25.2 × 33.2 mm; B, habitus; C, thoracic sternum with pleon, press-button; D, vulvae.
FIG. 18. — Dorippoidinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 18. — Dorippoidinae n. subfam.: A-C, Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785), ovigerous ♀ 20.3 × 26.2 mm, South China Sea, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.5347: A, thoracic sternum with pleon; B, without pleon, vulvae. C, ovigerous ♀ 21 × 25 mm, South China Sea, trawl, 37 m, Chen leg. 1987, MNHN-IU-2018-5195 (= MNHN-B18802). D-F, Dorippoides nudipes Manning & Holthuis 1986: D, ♂ 16.2 × 19.4 mm, Iran, ZRC 2017.1227; thoracic sternum with pleon; E, F, ♀ 21.6 × 29.5 mm, South Africa, vicinity of Tugela River mouth, ZRC 2009.0885: E, thoracic sternum with pleon; F, thoracic sternum without pleon; vulvae. See the spurlike process on P3 ischium of females on A, B.
FIG. 32 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 32. — Diversity of vulvae in the seven dorippid subfamilies (schematic drawings): A, Dorippinae n. stat. (Dorippe quadridens); B, Dorippoidinae n. subfam. (Dorippoides facchino); C, Medorippinae n. subfam. (Medorippe lanata); D-F, Heikeopsinae n. subfam.; D, Heikeopsis?japonica; E, Neodorippe callida; F, Nobilum histrio; G, Paradorippinae n. subfam. (Paradorippe cathayana); H, Philippidorippinae n. subfam. (Philippidorippe philippinensis); I, Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. (Phyllodorippe armata, ♀ 13.0 × 19.0 mm, Guinean Trawling Survey, MNHN-IU-2021-8731 [= MNHN-B24199]). Setae represented only on B. A-H, modified from Holthuis & Manning (1990).
FIG. 16. — Dorippoidinae n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 16. — Dorippoidinae n. subfam.: A, B, Dorippoides facchino (Herbst, 1785): A, ♂ 25.3 × 32 mm, Malaysia, Johore, Pontian, ZRC 1991.66-72; B, ovigerous ♀ 20.3 × 26.2 mm, South China Sea, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.5347; C, D, Dorippoides nudipes Manning & Holthuis, 1986: C, ♂ 16.2 × 19.4 mm, Iran, ZRC 2017.1227; D, ♀ 21.6 × 29.5 mm, South Africa, vicinity of Tugela River mouth, ZRC 2009.0885.
FIG. 14. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 14. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.: A-G: Dorippe frascone (Herbst, 1785), Philippines, Panglao Island, ZRC 2008.0076: A-D, ♂ 29.7 × 31.0 mm, A, habitus; B, ventral view; C, thoracic sternum with pleon; D, G1; E-G, prepubertal ♀ 23.3 × 24.4 mm: E, habitus; F, ventral view; G, vulvae; H, I, Dorippe irrorata Manning & Holthuis, 1986, holotype, ♂ 21.5 × 22.0 mm, Andaman Sea, south of Mergui Archipelago, USNM 172495: H, habitus; I, ventral surface.
FIG. 13. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 13. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.. Dorippe sinica Chen, 1980: A, B, ♂ 36.2 × 39.5 mm, China, Guangdong, Nanao Island, ZRC 1999.0470: A, ventral view, thoracic sternum and pleon; B, thoracic sternum, G1 and G2; C, D, ♀ 34.8 × 38.9 mm, same data as A, B; C, thoracic sternum and pleon; D, thoracic sternum and vulvae.
FIG. 12. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 12. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.. Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793): A-D, ovigerous ♀ 38.1 × 33.7 mm, South China Sea, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.6307: A, habitus; B, anterior region, ventral view; C, thoracic sternum and pleon; D, vulvae. E, ovigerous ♀ 28.0 × 29.0 mm, NW Madagascar, Ambaro Bay, MNHN-IU-2018-5193 (= MNHN-B18279): thoracic sternum and vulvae.
FIG. 11. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 11. — Dorippinae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 n. stat.. Dorippe quadridens (Fabricius, 1793): A-C, ♂ 38.1 × 36.3 mm, China Sea near Singapore, Hee Huat, ZRC 1984.6308. A, anterior region; B, thoracic sternum with pleon; C, thoracic sternum without pleon, G1. D, ♂ 16.6 × 17.0 mm, NW Madagascar, Ambaro Bay, MNHN-IU-2018-5193 (= MNHN-B18279): thoracic sternum without pleon, G1 and G2.
FIG. 31 in A new subfamily classification of the highly diversified Dorippidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Dorippoidea), using morphological, molecular and palaeotonlogical data, with special emphasis on its unique female reproductive system
FIG. 31. — Diversity of G1s in the seven dorippid subfamilies (schematic drawings): A, Dorippinae n. stat. (Dorippe quadridens); B, Dorippoidinae n. subfam. (Dorippoides facchino); C, Medorippinae n. subfam. (Medorippe lanata); D-F, Heikeopsinae n. subfam.: D, Heikeopsis?japonica; E, Neodorippe callida; F, Nobilum histrio; G, Paradorippinae n. subfam. (Paradorippe cathayana); H, Philippidorippinae n. subfam. (Philippidorippe philippinensis); I, Phyllodorippinae n. subfam. (Phyllodorippe armata). (A-H, after Holthuis & Manning 1990; I, after Manning & Holthuis 1981). From Sin et al. (2009: fig. 4). Setae not always figured.
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